1
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Arthur BP, Suh CP, McKnight BM, Parajulee MN, Yang F, Kerns DL. Field Evaluation of Cotton Expressing Mpp51Aa2 as a Management Tool for Cotton Fleahoppers, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter). Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:644. [PMID: 37999507 PMCID: PMC10675519 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The cotton fleahopper (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus Reuter) is considered a highly economically damaging pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Texas and Oklahoma. Current control methods rely heavily on the use of foliar-applied chemical insecticides, but considering the cost of insecticides and the critical timeliness of applications, chemical control methods are often not optimized to reduce potential yield losses from this pest. The Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Mpp51Aa2 (formerly Cry51Aa2.834_16) protein has proven effective against thrips and plant bugs with piercing and sucking feeding behaviors, but the impact of this toxin on cotton fleahoppers has not been investigated. To evaluate the Mpp51Aa2 trait effectiveness towards the cotton fleahopper, field trials were conducted in 2019, 2020, and 2021, comparing a cotton cultivar containing the Mpp51Aa2 trait to a non-traited isoline cultivar under insecticide-treated and untreated conditions. Populations of cotton fleahopper nymphs and adults were estimated weekly by visually inspecting cotton terminals. Square retention was also assessed during the first week of bloom to provide some insight on how the Bt trait may influence yield. While cotton fleahopper population differences between the traited and non-traited plants were not consistently noted during the pre-bloom squaring period, there was a consistent increase in square retention in cotton expressing Mpp51Aa2 relative to non-traited cotton. Additionally, cotton expressing Mpp51Aa2 offered similar square protection relative to non-traited cotton treated with insecticides for the cotton fleahopper. These findings indicate that the Mpp51Aa2 protein should provide benefits of delayed nymphal growth, population suppression, and increased square retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady P. Arthur
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Charles P. Suh
- USDA-ARS Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA;
| | - Benjamin M. McKnight
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Megha N. Parajulee
- AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA;
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - David L. Kerns
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
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2
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Mishra R, Narayana R, Ibanez F, Achor D, Shilts T, El-Mohtar C, Orbović V, Stelinski LL, Bonning BC. Bacterial Pesticidal Protein Mpp51Aa1 Delivered via Transgenic Citrus Severely Impacts the Fecundity of Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0072323. [PMID: 37458593 PMCID: PMC10467345 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00723-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri vectors the causative agent of citrus greening disease that has the capacity to decimate citrus production. As an alternative and more sustainable approach to manage D. citri than repeated application of chemical insecticides, we investigated the potential use of the bacteria-derived pesticidal protein, Mpp51Aa1, when delivered by transgenic Citrus sinensis cv. Valencia sweet orange or Citrus paradisi cv. Duncan grapefruit. Following confirmation of transcription and translation of mpp51aa1 by transgenic plants, no impact of Mpp51Aa1 expression was seen on D. citri host plant choice between transgenic and control Duncan grapefruit plants. A slight but significant drop in survival of adult psyllids fed on these transgenic plants was noted relative to those fed on control plants. In line with this result, damage to the gut epithelium consistent with that caused by pore-forming proteins was only observed in a minority of adult D. citri fed on the transgenic Duncan grapefruit. However, greater impacts were observed on nymphs than on adults, with a 40% drop in the survival of nymphs fed on transgenic Duncan grapefruit relative to those fed on control plants. For Valencia sweet orange, a 70% decrease in the number of eggs laid by adult D. citri on transgenic plants was noted relative to those on control plants, with a 90% drop in emergence of progeny. These impacts that contrast with those associated with other bacterial pesticidal proteins and the potential for use of Mpp51Aa1-expressing transgenic plants for suppression of D. citri populations are discussed. IMPORTANCE Pesticidal proteins derived from bacteria such as Bacillus thuringiensis are valuable tools for management of agricultural insect pests and provide a sustainable alternative to the application of chemical insecticides. However, relatively few bacterial pesticidal proteins have been used for suppression of hemipteran or sap-sucking insects such as the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. This insect is particularly important as the vector of the causative agent of citrus greening, or huanglongbing disease, which severely impacts global citrus production. In this study, we investigated the potential of transgenic citrus plants that produce the pesticidal protein Mpp51Aa1. While adult psyllid mortality on transgenic plants was modest, the reduced number of eggs laid by exposed adults and the decreased survival of progeny was such that psyllid populations dropped by more than 90%. These results provide valuable insight for potential deployment of Mpp51Aa1 in combination with other control agents for the management of D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchir Mishra
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ravishankar Narayana
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
| | - Freddy Ibanez
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
| | - Diann Achor
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
| | - Turksen Shilts
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
| | - Choaa El-Mohtar
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
| | - Vladimir Orbović
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
| | - Lukasz L. Stelinski
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
| | - Bryony C. Bonning
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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3
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Soe ET, Naing ZL, Zhang C, Niu LL, Tang J, Yu S, Ding Z, Liang G. Cry51Aa Proteins Are Active against Apolygus lucorum and Show a Mechanism Similar to Pore Formation Model. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:2279-2289. [PMID: 36710440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reduced insecticide spray in crop fields due to the widespread adoption of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops has favored the population increases of mirid bugs. Cry51Aa proteins are new types of Bt proteins that belong to aerolysin-like β pore-forming proteins with insecticidal activity against hemipteran and coleopteran pests. Here, we studied the activity of Bt Cry51Aa1 and Cry51Aa2 against Apolygus lucorum, an emerging pest in cotton, and their mechanism of action. Cry51Aa1 exhibited almost 5-fold higher toxicity than Cry51Aa2 with LC50 of 11.87 and 61.34 μg/mL, respectively. Protoxins could be activated both in vitro, by trypsin and midgut contents, and in vivo, by A. lucorum midgut. Both Cry51Aa protoxins were processed in two steps, producing pre-activated (∼30 kDa) and final activated (∼25-28 kDa) proteins. Cry51Aa proteins bound to a 25 kDa midgut protein, and Cry51Aa2 showed 2 times higher binding affinity than Cry51Aa1. Incubating Cry51Aa proteins with midgut homogenate resulted in toxin oligomers of 150-200 kDa. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for using Cry51Aa proteins to control A. lucorum and a better understanding of their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei Thinzar Soe
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People Republic of China
| | - Zaw Lin Naing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People Republic of China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People Republic of China
| | - Lin Lin Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People Republic of China
| | - Siqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People Republic of China
| | - Zhongwei Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People Republic of China
| | - Gemei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People Republic of China
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4
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Wang C, Bean GJ, Chen CJ, Kessenich CR, Peng J, Visconti NR, Milligan JS, Moore RG, Tan J, Edrington TC, Li B, Giddings KS, Bowen D, Luo J, Ciche T, Moar WJ. Safety assessment of Mpp75Aa1.1, a new ETX_MTX2 protein from Brevibacillus laterosporus that controls western corn rootworm. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274204. [PMID: 36074780 PMCID: PMC9455866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered insecticidal protein Mpp75Aa1.1 from Brevibacillus laterosporus is a member of the ETX_MTX family of beta-pore forming proteins (β-PFPs) expressed in genetically modified (GM) maize to control western corn rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte). In this manuscript, bioinformatic analysis establishes that although Mpp75Aa1.1 shares varying degrees of similarity to members of the ETX_MTX2 protein family, it is unlikely to have any allergenic, toxic, or otherwise adverse biological effects. The safety of Mpp75Aa1.1 is further supported by a weight of evidence approach including evaluation of the history of safe use (HOSU) of ETX_MTX2 proteins and Breviballus laterosporus. Comparisons between purified Mpp75Aa1.1 protein and a poly-histidine-tagged (His-tagged) variant of the Mpp75Aa1.1 protein demonstrate that both forms of the protein are heat labile at temperatures at or above 55°C, degraded by gastrointestinal proteases within 0.5 min, and have no adverse effects in acute mouse oral toxicity studies at a dose level of 1920 or 2120 mg/kg body weight. These results support the use of His-tagged proteins as suitable surrogates for assessing the safety of their non-tagged parent proteins. Taken together, we report that Mpp75Aa1.1 is the first ETX-MTX2 insecticidal protein from B. laterosporus and displays a similar safety profile as typical Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunxi Wang
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Bean
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Chun Ju Chen
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Jiexin Peng
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Jason S. Milligan
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Robert G. Moore
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jianguo Tan
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Bin Li
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kara S. Giddings
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David Bowen
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jinhua Luo
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Todd Ciche
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - William J. Moar
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
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5
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Edrington T, Wang R, McKinnon L, Kessenich C, Hodge-Bell K, Li W, Tan J, Brown G, Wang C, Li B, Giddings K. Food and feed safety of the Bacillus thuringiensis derived protein Vpb4Da2, a novel protein for control of western corn rootworm. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272311. [PMID: 35921368 PMCID: PMC9348738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, LeConte, is an insect pest that poses a significant threat to the productivity of modern agriculture, causing significant economic and crop losses. The development of genetically modified (GM) crops expressing one or more proteins that confer tolerance to specific insect pests, such as WCR, was a historic breakthrough in agricultural biotechnology and continues to serve as an invaluable tool in pest management. Despite this, evolving resistance to existing insect control proteins expressed in current generation GM crops requires continued identification of new proteins with distinct modes of action while retaining targeted insecticidal efficacy. GM crops expressing insecticidal proteins must undergo extensive safety assessments prior to commercialization to ensure that they pose no increased risk to the health of humans or other animals relative to their non-GM conventional counterparts. As part of these safety evaluations, a weight of evidence approach is utilized to assess the safety of the expressed insecticidal proteins to evaluate any potential risk in the context of dietary exposure. This study describes the food and feed safety assessment of Vpb4Da2, a new Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein that confers in planta tolerance to WCR. Vpb4Da2 exhibits structural and functional similarities to other insect control proteins expressed in commercialized GM crops. In addition, the lack of homology to known toxins or allergens, a lack of acute toxicity in mice, inactivation by conditions commonly experienced in the human gut or during cooking/food processing, and the extremely low expected dietary exposure to Vpb4Da2 provide a substantial weight of evidence to demonstrate that the Vpb4Da2 protein poses no indication of a risk to the health of humans or other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rong Wang
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lucas McKinnon
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States of America
| | | | | | - Wenze Li
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States of America
| | - Jianguo Tan
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States of America
| | - Gregory Brown
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States of America
| | - Cunxi Wang
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States of America
| | - Bin Li
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States of America
| | - Kara Giddings
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States of America
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6
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Banerjee R, Flores-Escobar B, Chougule NP, Cantón PE, Dumitru R, Bonning BC. Peptide mediated, enhanced toxicity of a bacterial pesticidal protein against southern green stink bug. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2071-2082. [PMID: 35315236 PMCID: PMC9249324 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The damage caused by stink bugs that feed on agricultural crops accounts for such significant losses that transgenic plant resistance to stink bugs would be highly desirable. As the level of toxicity of the Bacillus thuringiensis‐derived, ETX/Mtx2 pesticidal protein Mpp83Aa1 is insufficient for practical use against the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula, we employed two disparate approaches to isolate peptides NvBP1 and ABP5 that bind to specific proteins (alpha amylase and aminopeptidase N respectively) on the surface of the N. viridula gut. Incorporation of these peptides into Mpp83Aa1 provided artificial anchors resulting in increased gut binding, and enhanced toxicity. These peptide‐modified pesticidal proteins with increased toxicity provide a key advance for potential future use against N. viridula when delivered by transgenic plants to mitigate economic loss associated with this important pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Banerjee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, PO Box 110620, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Biviana Flores-Escobar
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, PO Box 110620, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Nanasaheb P Chougule
- Innovation Center, BASF Corporation, 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA
| | - Pablo Emiliano Cantón
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, PO Box 110620, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Razvan Dumitru
- Innovation Center, BASF Corporation, 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA
| | - Bryony C Bonning
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, PO Box 110620, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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7
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Kouadio JL, Zheng M, Aikins M, Duda D, Duff S, Chen D, Zhang J, Milligan J, Taylor C, Mamanella P, Rydel T, Kessenich C, Panosian T, Yin Y, Moar W, Giddings K, Park Y, Jerga A, Haas J. Structural and functional insights into the first Bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein of the Vpb4 fold, active against western corn rootworm. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260532. [PMID: 34928980 PMCID: PMC8687597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is a major maize pest in the United States causing significant economic loss. The emergence of field-evolved resistant WCR to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) traits has prompted the need to discover and deploy new insecticidal proteins in transgenic maize. In the current study we determined the crystal structure and mode of action (MOA) of the Vpb4Da2 protein (formerly known as Vip4Da2) from Bt, the first identified insecticidal Vpb4 protein with commercial level control against WCR. The Vpb4Da2 structure exhibits a six-domain architecture mainly comprised of antiparallel β-sheets organized into β-sandwich layers. The amino-terminal domains 1-3 of the protein share structural homology with the protective antigen (PA) PA14 domain and encompass a long β-pore forming loop as in the clostridial binary-toxB module. Domains 5 and 6 at the carboxyl-terminal half of Vpb4Da2 are unique as this extension is not observed in PA or any other structurally-related protein other than Vpb4 homologs. These unique Vpb4 domains adopt the topologies of carbohydrate-binding modules known to participate in receptor-recognition. Functional assessment of Vpb4Da2 suggests that domains 4-6 comprise the WCR receptor binding region and are key in conferring the observed insecticidal activity against WCR. The current structural analysis was complemented by in vitro and in vivo characterizations, including immuno-histochemistry, demonstrating that Vpb4Da2 follows a MOA that is consistent with well-characterized 3-domain Bt insecticidal proteins despite significant structural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meiying Zheng
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael Aikins
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - David Duda
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Stephen Duff
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Danqi Chen
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jun Zhang
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jason Milligan
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Christina Taylor
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Timothy Rydel
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Colton Kessenich
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Timothy Panosian
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Yong Yin
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - William Moar
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kara Giddings
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Yoonseong Park
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Agoston Jerga
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Haas
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
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8
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Moar WJ, Giddings KS, Narva KE, Nelson ME. Enhancing global food security by using bacterial proteins with improved safety profiles to control insect pests. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 187:107704. [PMID: 34896129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William J Moar
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Parkway, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA.
| | - Kara S Giddings
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Parkway, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
| | - Kenneth E Narva
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA 50131, USA
| | - Mark E Nelson
- Corteva Agriscience, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA 50131, USA
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9
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Kouadio JL, Duff S, Aikins M, Zheng M, Rydel T, Chen D, Bretsnyder E, Xia C, Zhang J, Milligan J, Evdokimov A, Nageotte J, Yin Y, Moar W, Giddings K, Park Y, Jerga A, Haas J. Structural and functional characterization of Mpp75Aa1.1, a putative beta-pore forming protein from Brevibacillus laterosporus active against the western corn rootworm. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258052. [PMID: 34634061 PMCID: PMC8504720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is a major corn pest of significant economic importance in the United States. The continuous need to control this corn maize pest and the development of field-evolved resistance toward all existing transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins against WCR has prompted the development of new insect-protected crops expressing distinct structural classes of insecticidal proteins. In this current study, we describe the crystal structure and functional characterization of Mpp75Aa1.1, which represents the first corn rootworm (CRW) active insecticidal protein member of the ETX_MTX2 sub-family of beta-pore forming proteins (β-PFPs), and provides new and effective protection against WCR feeding. The Mpp75Aa1.1 crystal structure was solved at 1.94 Å resolution. The Mpp75Aa1.1 is processed at its carboxyl-terminus by WCR midgut proteases, forms an oligomer, and specifically interacts with putative membrane-associated binding partners on the midgut apical microvilli to cause cellular tissue damage resulting in insect death. Alanine substitution of the surface-exposed amino acids W206, Y212, and G217 within the Mpp75Aa1.1 putative receptor binding domain I demonstrates that at least these three amino acids are required for WCR activity. The distinctive spatial arrangement of these amino acids suggests that they are part of a receptor binding epitope, which may be unique to Mpp75Aa1.1 and not present in other ETX_MTX2 proteins that do not have WCR activity. Overall, this work establishes that Mpp75Aa1.1 shares a mode of action consistent with traditional WCR-active Bt proteins despite significant structural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Kouadio
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephen Duff
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael Aikins
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Meiying Zheng
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Timothy Rydel
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Danqi Chen
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Eric Bretsnyder
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Chunsheng Xia
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jun Zhang
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jason Milligan
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Artem Evdokimov
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Nageotte
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Yong Yin
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - William Moar
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kara Giddings
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Yoonseong Park
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Agoston Jerga
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Haas
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
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10
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Yin Y, Flasinski S, Moar W, Bowen D, Chay C, Milligan J, Kouadio JL, Pan A, Werner B, Buckman K, Zhang J, Mueller G, Preftakes C, Hibbard BE, Price P, Roberts J. A new Bacillus thuringiensis protein for Western corn rootworm control. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242791. [PMID: 33253273 PMCID: PMC7703998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Western corn rootworm (WCR) Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte is one of the most economically important insect pests in North America. Since 2003, transgenic maize expressing WCR-active proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been widely adopted as the main approach to controlling WCR in the U.S. However, the emergence of field resistance to the Bt proteins in current commercial products has been documented in recent years, highlighting the need to develop additional tools for controlling this devasting pest. Here we report the discovery of Vpb4Da2 (initially assigned as Vip4Da2), a new insecticidal protein highly selective against WCR, through high-throughput genome sequencing of a Bt strain sourced from grain dust samples collected in the eastern and central regions of the US. Vpb4Da2 contains a sequence and domain signature distinct from families of other WCR-active proteins. Under field conditions, transgenic maize expressing Vpb4Da2 demonstrates commercial-level (at or below NIS 0.25) root protection against WCR, and reduces WCR beetle emergence by ≥ 97%. Our studies also conclude that Vpb4Da2 controls WCR populations that are resistant to WCR-active transgenic maize expressing Cry3Bb1, Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 (reassigned as Gpp34Ab1/Tpp35Ab1), or DvSnf7 RNA. Based on these findings, Vpb4Da2 represents a valuable new tool for protecting maize against WCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yin
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - William Moar
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David Bowen
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Cathy Chay
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jason Milligan
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Aihong Pan
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Brent Werner
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Karrie Buckman
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jun Zhang
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey Mueller
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Collin Preftakes
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bruce E. Hibbard
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Paula Price
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - James Roberts
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
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11
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Wang Y, Wang J, Fu X, Nageotte JR, Silverman J, Bretsnyder EC, Chen D, Rydel TJ, Bean GJ, Li KS, Kraft E, Gowda A, Nance A, Moore RG, Pleau MJ, Milligan JS, Anderson HM, Asiimwe P, Evans A, Moar WJ, Martinelli S, Head GP, Haas JA, Baum JA, Yang F, Kerns DL, Jerga A. Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Da_7 and Cry1B.868 Protein Interactions with Novel Receptors Allow Control of Resistant Fall Armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85. [PMID: 31175187 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00579-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new modified Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins, Cry1Da_7 and Cry1B.868, with activity against fall armyworms (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), were evaluated for their potential to bind new insect receptors compared to proteins currently deployed as plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs) in row crops. Results from resistant insect bioassays, disabled insecticidal protein (DIP) bioassays, and cell-based assays using insect cells expressing individual receptors demonstrate that receptor utilizations of the newly modified Cry1Da_7 and Cry1B.868 proteins are distinct from each other and from those of commercially available Bt proteins such as Cry1F, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, and Vip3A. Accordingly, these two proteins target different insect proteins in FAW midgut cells and when pyramided together should provide durability in the field against this economically important pest.IMPORTANCE There is increased concern with the development of resistance to insecticidal proteins currently expressed in crop plants, especially against high-resistance-risk pests such as fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, a maize pest that already has developed resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins such as Cry1F. Lepidopteran-specific proteins that bind new insect receptors will be critical in managing current Cry1F-resistant FAW and delaying future resistance development. Results from resistant insect assays, disabled insecticidal protein (DIP) bioassays, and cell-based assays using insect cells expressing individual receptors demonstrate that target receptors of the Cry1Da_7 and Cry1B.868 proteins are different from each other and from those of commercially available Bt proteins such as Cry1F, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, and Vip3A. Therefore, pyramiding these two new proteins in maize will provide durable control of this economically important pest in production agriculture.
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12
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Jerga A, Evdokimov AG, Moshiri F, Haas JA, Chen M, Clinton W, Fu X, Halls C, Jimenez-Juarez N, Kretzler CN, Panosian TD, Pleau M, Roberts JK, Rydel TJ, Salvador S, Sequeira R, Wang Y, Zheng M, Baum JA. Disabled insecticidal proteins: A novel tool to understand differences in insect receptor utilization. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 105:79-88. [PMID: 30605769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of insect resistance to pesticides via natural selection is an acknowledged agricultural issue. Likewise, resistance development in target insect populations is a significant challenge to the durability of crop traits conferring insect protection and has driven the need for novel insecticidal proteins (IPs) with alternative mechanism of action (MOA) mediated by different insect receptors. The combination or "stacking" of transgenes encoding different insecticidal proteins in a single crop plant can greatly delay the development of insect resistance, but requires sufficient knowledge of MOA to identify proteins with different receptor preferences. Accordingly, a rapid technique for differentiating the receptor binding preferences of insecticidal proteins is a critical need. This article introduces the Disabled Insecticidal Protein (DIP) method as applied to the well-known family of three-domain insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis and related bacteria. These DIP's contain amino acid substitutions in domain 1 that render the proteins non-toxic but still capable of competing with active proteins in insect feeding assays, resulting in a suppression of the expected insecticidal activity. A set of insecticidal proteins with known differences in receptor binding (Cry1Ab3, Cry1Ac.107, Cry2Ab2, Cry1Ca, Cry1A.105, and Cry1A.1088) has been studied using the DIP method, yielding results that are consistent with previous MOA studies. When a native IP and an excess of DIP are co-administered to insects in a feeding assay, the outcome depends on the overlap between their MOAs: if receptors are shared, then the DIP saturates the receptors to which the native protein would ordinarily bind, and acts as an antidote whereas, if there is no shared receptor, the toxicity of the native insecticidal protein is not inhibited. These results suggest that the DIP methodology, employing standard insect feeding assays, is a robust and effective method for rapid MOA differentiation among insecticidal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agoston Jerga
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA.
| | - Artem G Evdokimov
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Farhad Moshiri
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Haas
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Mao Chen
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - William Clinton
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Xiaoran Fu
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Coralie Halls
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael Pleau
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - James K Roberts
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Timothy J Rydel
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Sara Salvador
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Reuben Sequeira
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Meiying Zheng
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - James A Baum
- Plant Biotechnology, Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
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Chi X, Su P, Bi D, Tai Z, Li Y, Pang Y, Li Q. Lamprey immune protein-1 (LIP-1) from Lampetra japonica induces cell cycle arrest and cell death in HeLa cells. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 75:295-300. [PMID: 29410138 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The lamprey (Lampetra japonica), a representative of the jawless vertebrates, is the oldest extant species in the world. LIP-1, which has a jacalin-like domain and an aerolysin pore-forming domain, has previously been identified in Lampetra japonica. However, the structure and function of the LIP-1 protein have not been described. In this study, the LIP-1 gene was overexpressed in HeLa cells and H293T cells. The results showed that the overexpression of LIP-1 in HeLa cells significantly elevated LDH release (P < 0.05), phosphatidylserine exposure and ROS accumulation. The overexpression of LIP-1 also had remarkable effects on the organelles in HeLa cells, while it had no effect on H293T cell organelles. Array data indicated that overexpression of LIP-1 primarily upregulated P53 signaling pathways in HeLa cells. Cell cycle assay results confirmed that LIP-1 caused arrest in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle in HeLa cells. In summary, our findings provide insights into the function and characterization of LIP-1 genes in vertebrates and establish the foundation for further research into the biological function of LIP-1. Our observations suggest that this lamprey protein has the potential for use in new applications in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Chi
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Dan Bi
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Zhao Tai
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yingying Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
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14
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Farmer DR, Edrington TC, Kessenich CR, Wang C, Petrick JS. Improving insect control protein activity for GM crops: A case study demonstrating that increased target insect potency can be achieved without impacting mammalian safety. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 89:155-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Bachman PM, Ahmad A, Ahrens JE, Akbar W, Baum JA, Brown S, Clark TL, Fridley JM, Gowda A, Greenplate JT, Jensen PD, Mueller GM, Odegaard ML, Tan J, Uffman JP, Levine SL. Characterization of the Activity Spectrum of MON 88702 and the Plant-Incorporated Protectant Cry51Aa2.834_16. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169409. [PMID: 28072875 PMCID: PMC5224830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of insecticidal activity of Cry51Aa2.834_16 protein targeting hemipteran and thysanopteran insect pests in cotton was characterized by selecting and screening multiple pest and non-pest species, based on representation of ecological functional groups, taxonomic relatedness (e.g. relationship to species where activity was observed), and availability for effective testing. Seven invertebrate orders, comprising 12 families and 17 representative species were screened for susceptibility to Cry51Aa2.834_16 protein and/or the ability of the protein to protect against feeding damage in laboratory, controlled environments (e.g. greenhouse/growth chamber), and/or field studies when present in cotton plants. The screening results presented for Cry51Aa2.834_16 demonstrate selective and limited activity within three insect orders. Other than Orius insidiosus, no activity was observed for Cry51Aa2.834_16 against several groups of arthropods that perform key ecological roles in some agricultural ecosystems (e.g. pollinators, decomposers, and natural enemies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M. Bachman
- Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PMB); (AA)
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PMB); (AA)
| | | | - Waseem Akbar
- Monsanto Company, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - James A. Baum
- Monsanto Company, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Scott Brown
- Monsanto Company, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Clark
- Monsanto Company, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Anilkumar Gowda
- Monsanto Company, Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Peter D. Jensen
- Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | | | - Jianguo Tan
- Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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16
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Moar WJ, Evans AJ, Kessenich CR, Baum JA, Bowen DJ, Edrington TC, Haas JA, Kouadio JLK, Roberts JK, Silvanovich A, Yin Y, Weiner BE, Glenn KC, Odegaard ML. The sequence, structural, and functional diversity within a protein family and implications for specificity and safety: The case for ETX_MTX2 insecticidal proteins. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 142:50-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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