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Bazzo ML, Machado HDM, Martins JM, Schörner MA, Buss K, Barazzetti FH, Gaspar PC, Bigolin A, Benzaken A, de Carvalho SVF, Andrade LDF, Ferreira WA, Figueiroa F, Fontana RM, da Silva MFDCR, Silva RJC, Aires Junior LF, Neves LADS, Miranda AE, Network BG. Aetiological molecular identification of sexually transmitted infections that cause urethral discharge syndrome and genital ulcer disease in Brazilian men: a nationwide study. Sex Transm Infect 2024; 100:133-137. [PMID: 38360847 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2023-055950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the aetiology of urethral discharge syndrome (UDS) and genital ulcer disease (GUD) in Brazil due to limited access to laboratory tests and treatment based mainly on the syndromic approach. OBJECTIVES To update Brazilian treatment guidelines according to the current scenario, the first nationwide aetiological study for UDS and GUD was performed. METHODS Male participants with urethral discharge (UD) and/or genital ulcer (GU) reports were enrolled. Sample collection was performed by 12 sentinel sites located in the five Brazilian regions. Between 2018 and 2020, 1141 UD and 208 GU samples were collected in a Universal Transport Medium-RT (Copan). A multiplex quantitative PCR kit (Seegene) was used to detect UD: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), M. hominis (MH), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Ureaplasma parvum (UP), U. urealyticum (UU) and another kit to detect GU: cytomegalovirus (CMV), Haemophilus ducreyi (HD), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2), lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), Treponema pallidum (TP) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). RESULTS In UD samples, the frequency of pathogen detection was NG: 78.38%, CT: 25.6%, MG: 8.3%, UU: 10.4%, UP: 3.5%, MH: 3.5% and TV: 0.9%. Coinfection was assessed in 30.9% of samples, with 14.3% of NG/CT coinfection. The most frequent pathogen identified in GU was HSV2, present in 40.8% of the samples, followed by TP at 24.8%, LGV and CMV at 1%, and HSV1 at 0.4%. Coinfection of TP/HSV2 was detected in 4.4% of samples. VZV and HD were not detected. In 27.7% of the GU samples, no pathogen was detected. CONCLUSION This study provided the acquisition of unprecedented data on the aetiology of UDS and GUD in Brazil, demonstrated the presence of a variety of pathogens in both sample types and reaffirmed the aetiologies known to be most prevalent globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza Bazzo
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Pharmacy Post Graduate Program, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Serology Laboratory-LBMMS, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Hanalydia de Melo Machado
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Pharmacy Post Graduate Program, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Serology Laboratory-LBMMS, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Jessica Motta Martins
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Pharmacy Post Graduate Program, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Serology Laboratory-LBMMS, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marcos André Schörner
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Pharmacy Post Graduate Program, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Serology Laboratory-LBMMS, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ketlyn Buss
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Pharmacy Post Graduate Program, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Serology Laboratory-LBMMS, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fernando Hartmann Barazzetti
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Pharmacy Post Graduate Program, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Serology Laboratory-LBMMS, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Pamela Cristina Gaspar
- Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Alisson Bigolin
- Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Adele Benzaken
- Leônidas e Maria Deane Institute Fiocruz Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- AIDS Healthcare Foundation, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Angelica Espinosa Miranda
- Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Brazilian-Gasp Network
- Department of Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, Secretariat of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Brazilian GASP, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Llaca-Díaz J, Medina-Loredo V, Huerta-López D, Casillas-Vega N. Sexually Transmitted Infections in Male Patients with Urethritis. Pathogens 2023; 12:1434. [PMID: 38133318 PMCID: PMC10748222 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) in men are a significant public health problem due to the consequences they can have, such as chronic diseases, infertility, cancer, and even death. This study aimed to determine the frequency of microorganisms associated with STIs in men with urethritis attending urology consultations, and to explore their clinical correlations. (2) Methods: A population that attended the urology consultation of the University Hospital "Dr. José E. González" was studied. Written consent was obtained, and interviews and clinical history were conducted about specific risk factors identifying signs and symptoms associated with any genitourinary condition; after that, urine samples were collected. Identification of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, U. urealyticum, and M. genitalium was based on amplifying species-specific DNA fragments. (3) Results: A total of 200 patients were included. The mean age was 55 years (20-95). According to the interviews, only 32.5% (n = 65) had received prior sex education. Additionally, 75% (n = 150) do not usually use any protection during sexual intercourse. Regarding clinical factors, 69.4% (n = 138) presented burning or pain when urinating. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of C. trachomatis to be 9.5% (n = 19), with U. urealyticum at 13% (n = 26), and M. genitalium at 2% (n = 4). (4) Conclusions: This is the most extensive molecular epidemiological study of the frequency of STIs in men in Mexico in third-level care and its association with different risk factors. As reported globally, a similar frequency of C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum, and M. genitalium was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Néstor Casillas-Vega
- Departamento de Patología Clínica, Hospital Universitario “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Universidad Autόnoma de Nuevo Leόn, Ave. Francisco I. Madero, Mitras Centro, Monterrey C.P. 64460, Mexico; (J.L.-D.); (V.M.-L.); (D.H.-L.)
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Kirkoyun Uysal H, Koksal MO, Sarsar K, Ilktac M, Isik Z, Akgun Karapinar DB, Demirci M, Ongen B, Buyukoren A, Kadioglu A, Yurtsever E, Agacfidan A. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma genitalium among Patients with Urogenital Symptoms in Istanbul. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11070930. [PMID: 37046856 PMCID: PMC10094226 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma genitalium are the three most commonly reported sexually transmitted bacteria. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, and M. genitalium in urogenital samples collected from 18-68-year-old Turkish patients who were admitted to the hospital with various urogenital symptoms. A total of 360 patients with symptoms of STD were included in the study. Following DNA extraction by QIAamp Mini Kit, the presence of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, and M. genitalium were investigated using multiplex real-time PCR. Causative organisms were identified in 68 (18.9%) of 360 patients. C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, and M. genitalium were detected in 40 (11.1%), 14 (3.9%), and 28 (7.8%) of the patients, respectively. Patients 21-30 years of age represented more than one-third (37.8%) of positive patients. Of all patients, dual infections of C. trachomatis-M. genitalium, N. gonorrhoeae-C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae-M. genitalium, and triple infection of C. trachomatis-N. gonorrhoeae-M. genitalium were determined in 1.6% (6/360), 1.3% (5/360), 0.2% (1/360), and 0.2% (1/360) of the patients, respectively. In CT-, NG-, and MG-positive patients, different STI agents were also found such as HIV, HBV, HPV, HSV2, T. pallidum, and T. vaginalis. In conclusion, among C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, and M. genitalium, CT was the most frequently detected bacterial cause of STDs in our hospital at Istanbul. Co-infections, which comprise more than one-fifth of the cases, should not be underestimated. Regular screening and following up of STD agents using multiplex real-time PCR-based diagnostic methods enabling the immediate detection of co-infections are essential for the treatment and primary prevention of STDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayriye Kirkoyun Uysal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Muammer Osman Koksal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Kutay Sarsar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ilktac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta 99450, Cyprus
| | - Zeynep Isik
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Deniz Bahar Akgun Karapinar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Demirci
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirklareli University, Kırklareli 39100, Turkey
| | - Betigul Ongen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Buyukoren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Ates Kadioglu
- Department of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Eray Yurtsever
- Department of Biostatistics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Ali Agacfidan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
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Liu H, Song X, Huang M, Zhan H, Wang S, Zhu S, Pang T, Zhang X, Zeng Q. Ureaplasma urealyticum induces polymorphonuclear elastase to change semen properties and reduce sperm motility: a prospective observational study. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221106410. [PMID: 35701892 PMCID: PMC9208062 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221106410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To elucidate the mechanism underlying how Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) affects sperm quality and identify a therapeutic target. Methods In this prospective observational study, the differences in and relationships among semen volume, pH, viscosity, liquefaction time, sperm concentration, sperm motility [progressive motility (PR)], and seminal polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase were analyzed in 198 normal semen samples (control group) and 198 UU-infected semen samples (observation group). The UU-infected samples were treated and the above parameters were compared between the two groups. Results The semen volume, viscosity, liquefaction time, and seminal PMN elastase were significantly higher in the observation than control group, but the pH and PR were significantly lower. In the observation group, the pH and PR were significantly higher after than before treatment, whereas the semen volume, PMN elastase, viscosity, and liquefaction time were lower. UU was closely related to semen volume, pH, viscosity, liquefaction time, sperm motility (PR), and PMN elastase. PMN elastase had significant negative effects on semen pH and sperm motility (PR) but positive effects on viscosity and liquefaction time. Conclusion UU might induce PMN elastase to increase the liquefaction time and viscosity of semen, eventually decreasing PR. PMN elastase might be a therapeutic target of UU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Andrology, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Human Sperm Bank of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Human Sperm Bank of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mulan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Human Sperm Bank of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huashen Zhan
- Reproductive Center, Sanming Integrated Medicine Hospital, Sanming, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shiyang Wang
- Reproductive Center, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shenghui Zhu
- Department of Andrology, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Human Sperm Bank of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Pang
- Department of Andrology, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Human Sperm Bank of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinzong Zhang
- Department of Andrology, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Human Sperm Bank of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qingqi Zeng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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