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Pogran E, Burger AL, Zweiker D, Kaufmann CC, Muthspiel M, Rega-Kaun G, Wenkstetten-Holub A, Wojta J, Drexel H, Huber K. Lipid-Lowering Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2043. [PMID: 38610808 PMCID: PMC11012397 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Achieving guideline-recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets remains a significant challenge in clinical practice. This review assesses the barriers to reaching LDL-C goals and explores the potential solutions to these issues. When aiming for the recommended LDL-C goal, strategies like "lower is better" and "strike early and strong" should be used. The evidence supports the safety and efficacy of intensive lipid-lowering therapy post-acute coronary syndrome (ACS), leading to improved long-term cardiovascular health and atherosclerotic plaque stabilization. Despite the availability of effective lipid-lowering therapies, such as high-intensity statins, ezetimibe, the combination of both, bempedoic acid, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, a substantial proportion of patients do not meet their LDL-C targets. Contributing factors include systemic healthcare barriers, healthcare provider inertia, patient non-adherence, and statin intolerance. Statin intolerance, often rather statin reluctance, is a notable obstacle due to perceived or expected side effects, which can lead to discontinuation of therapy. In conclusion, while there are obstacles to achieving optimal LDL-C levels post-ACS, these can be overcome with a combination of patient-centric approaches, clinical vigilance, and the judicious use of available therapies. The safety and necessity of reaching lower LDL-C goals to improve outcomes in patients post-ACS are well-supported by current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Pogran
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring, 1160 Vienna, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Achim Leo Burger
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring, 1160 Vienna, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Zweiker
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring, 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Clemens Kaufmann
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring, 1160 Vienna, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Muthspiel
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring, 1160 Vienna, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gersina Rega-Kaun
- 5th Medical Department with Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Acute Geriatrics, Klinik Ottakring, 1160 Vienna, Austria; (G.R.-K.)
| | - Alfa Wenkstetten-Holub
- 5th Medical Department with Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Acute Geriatrics, Klinik Ottakring, 1160 Vienna, Austria; (G.R.-K.)
| | - Johann Wojta
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Drexel
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Carinagasse 47, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department for Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Ottakring, 1160 Vienna, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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You J, Yang C, Han J, Wang H, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Wang S, Cai R, Li H, Yu J, Gao J, Zhang Y, Gu Z. Ultrarapid-Acting Microneedles for Immediate Delivery of Biotherapeutics. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2304582. [PMID: 37547966 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Subcutaneous (SC) injection is a common administration route for rapid and efficient delivery of biotherapeutics. However, syringe-based injections usually require professional assistance and are associated with pain and potential risks of infections, thus leading to undesired patient compliance and poor life quality. Herein, this work presents an ultrarapid-acting microneedle (URA-MN) patch for immediate transdermal delivery of therapeutics in a minimally invasive manner. Effervescent agents are incorporated into the tip of URA-MN for rapid generation of CO2 bubbles upon insertion into the skin, immediately powering the biotherapeutics release within a few minutes. The release kinetics of diverse agents including liraglutide (LRT), insulin, and heparin from the URA-MN patches are evaluated in three different mouse models, and the rapid release of biotherapeutics and potent therapeutic effects are achieved with only 5 min administration. Noteworthily, attributed to the short application duration and negligible residuals of MN matrix remaining in the skin, the URA-MN patch shows desirable biocompatibility after six-week administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan You
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Changwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinpeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Burns and Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Ziyi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ruisi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321299, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321299, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321299, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Burns and Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321299, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Liu X, Yang W, Liu J, Huang X, Fang Y, Ming J, Lai J, Fu J, Ji Q, Wang L. The efficacy and safety of beinaglutide alone or in combination with insulin glargine in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are inadequately controlled with oral antihyperglycemic therapy: A multicenter, open-label, randomized trial. J Diabetes 2023; 16:e13483. [PMID: 37864379 PMCID: PMC10850920 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare glycemic control in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) whose blood glucose levels were inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs after beinaglutide alone or combined with insulin glargine (IGlar). METHODS In this 16-week multicenter, randomized clinical trial, 68 participants randomly received beinaglutide or IGlar for 8 weeks, then the two drugs in combination for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes were the proportion of individuals achieving their glycemic target and the change in glucose variability as measured with a continuous glucose monitoring system from baseline to 8 and 16 weeks. RESULTS Both the beinaglutide and IGlar groups showed increased proportions achieving their glycemic target at 8 weeks, and the combination augmented the proportion reaching the glycated hemoglobin target from 25.42% at 8 weeks to 40.68% at 16 weeks. The beinaglutide group showed a significant reduction in body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure. Beinaglutide elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 0.08 mmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.00-0.16), and diminished low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 0.21 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.05-0.48), whereas IGlar showed no effect. Though IGlar was more efficient in lowering fasting plasma glucose than beinaglutide at comparable efficacies (to -1.57 mmol/L [95% CI, -2.60 to -0.54]), this difference was abolished in patients whose fasting C-peptide was ≥0.9 ng/mL. CONCLUSION Beinaglutide exhibited a favorable hypoglycemic effect on patients with T2DM, and in combination with IGlar, glucose level was further decreased. Low fasting C-peptide in patients may reduce the glycemic response to beinaglutide therapy. We recommend that C-peptide levels be evaluated when using or switching to the novel glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists beinaglutide. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03829891.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of EndocrinologyShaanxi Aerospace HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Jianrong Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyXi'an Chang An HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Xinxi Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yujie Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jie Ming
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jingbo Lai
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jianfang Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Qiuhe Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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Kuang Z, Hou N, Kan C, Han F, Qiu H, Sun X. The protective effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and RAAS blockers against renal injury in patients with type 2 diabetes. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:617-29. [PMID: 36036316 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most severe complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabetic kidney disease have a worse prognosis in terms of mortality and morbidity, compared with patients who have diabetes alone. Strict control of blood pressure and blood glucose is the primary method for prevention of initial kidney damage and delaying further progression of existing damage. Other management approaches include the use of exogenous drugs that can effectively protect the kidneys from diabetes, such as sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers. These drugs may protect against kidney injury through various molecular mechanisms. This review focuses on renal impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes; it discusses the direct and indirect effects of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers on diabetic kidney disease. Finally, it discusses the effects of combination treatment with two or three types of drugs in patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Yi ZY, Chen L, Wang Y, He D, Zhao D, Zhang SH, Yu R, Huang JH. The potential mechanism of Liu-Wei-Di-Huang Pills in treatment of type 2 diabetic mellitus: from gut microbiota to short-chain fatty acids metabolism. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:1295-1308. [PMID: 35857109 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-01922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has already become a global pandemic. Recently, reports showed its pathogenesis was closely related to a disorder of gut microbiota. In China, the Liu-Wei-Di-Huang Pills (LWDH) have treated T2DM for thousands of years. However, its therapeutic mechanism associated with gut microbiota is worthy of further study. AIMS This study aims to investigate the effects of LWDH on T2DM by regulating gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. METHODS T2DM models were successfully established based on GK rats and administrated with LWDH. The changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and serum insulin (INS) were determined, and the immunohistochemical (IHC) method was used to test INS expression in pancreas. The 16S-ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) sequencing analysis assessed gut microbiota structural changes; a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS)-based metabolomics method was adopted to detect SCFA levels. The pathological morphology of jejunum was detected by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, and the expression of GPR43, GPR41, GLP-1, and GLP-1R was evaluated by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS We observed that GK rats treated with LWDH: (a) has altered the microbial structure and promoted the abundance of bacteria in Firmicutes, including Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, and Ruminococcus_2, (b) increased SCFAs levels involving acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid and (c) alleviated T2DM and jejunum injuries potentially based on SCFAs-GPR43/41-GLP-1 pathway. CONCLUSION LWDH could improve T2DM by regulating gut microbiota and SCFAs, and the therapeutic mechanism might be related to the SCFAs-GPR43/41-GLP-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yang Yi
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Dan He
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhao
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui-Han Zhang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Yu
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of TCM Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of TCM Prescription and Syndromes Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu H, Wang K, Chen S, Kang J, Guo N, Chen H, Liu J, Wu Y, He P, Tu Y, Li B. Saponins from Camellia sinensis Seeds Stimulate GIP Secretion in Mice and STC-1 Cells via SGLT1 and TGR5. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163413. [PMID: 36014921 PMCID: PMC9416400 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is one of the important incretins and possesses lots of physiological activities such as stimulating insulin secretion and maintaining glucose homeostasis. The pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins are the major active ingredients in tea (Camellia sinensis) seeds. This study aimed to investigate the effect of tea seed saponins on the GIP secretion and related mechanisms. Our data showed that the total tea seed saponins (TSS, 65 mg/kg BW) and theasaponin E1 (TSE1, 2–4 µM) could increase the GIP mRNA and protein levels in mice and STC-1 cells. Phlorizin, the inhibitor of Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), reversed the TSE1-induced increase in Ca2+ and GIP mRNA level. In addition, TSE1 upregulated the protein expression of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), and TGR5 siRNA significantly decreased GIP expression in TSE1-treated STC-1 cells. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that six proteins and five signaling pathways were associated with SGLT1, TGR5 and GIP regulated by TSE1. Taken together, tea seed saponins could stimulate GIP expression via SGLT1 and TGR5, and were promising natural active ingredients for improving metabolism and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqing Zhu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kaixi Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuna Chen
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaxin Kang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang Shuren University, 8 Shuren Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Puming He
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Youying Tu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence:
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Lok KH, Wareham NJ, Nair RS, How CW, Chuah LH. Revisiting the concept of incretin and enteroendocrine L-cells as type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106237. [PMID: 35487405 PMCID: PMC7614293 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The significant growth in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence strikes a common threat to the healthcare and economic systems globally. Despite the availability of several anti-hyperglycaemic agents in the market, none can offer T2DM remission. These agents include the prominent incretin-based therapy such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors that are designed primarily to promote GLP-1R activation. Recent interest in various therapeutically useful gastrointestinal hormones in T2DM and obesity has surged with the realisation that enteroendocrine L-cells modulate the different incretins secretion and glucose homeostasis, reflecting the original incretin definition. Targeting L-cells offers promising opportunities to mimic the benefits of bariatric surgery on glucose homeostasis, bodyweight management, and T2DM remission. Revising the fundamental incretin theory is an essential step for therapeutic development in this area. Therefore, the present review explores enteroendocrine L-cell hormone expression, the associated nutrient-sensing mechanisms, and other physiological characteristics. Subsequently, enteroendocrine L-cell line models and the latest L-cell targeted therapies are reviewed critically in this paper. Bariatric surgery, pharmacotherapy and new paradigm of L-cell targeted pharmaceutical formulation are discussed here, offering both clinician and scientist communities a new common interest to push the scientific boundary in T2DM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Hou Lok
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Rajesh Sreedharan Nair
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Lay-Hong Chuah
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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8
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Taskinen MR, Matikainen N, Björnson E, Söderlund S, Ainola M, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom N, Sihlbom C, Thorsell A, Andersson L, Adiels M, Hartmann B, Deacon CF, Holst JJ, Packard CJ, Borén J. Role of endogenous incretins in the regulation of postprandial lipoprotein metabolism. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 187:75-84. [PMID: 35521766 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Incretins are known to influence lipid metabolism in the intestine when administered as pharmacologic agents. The aggregate influence of endogenous incretins on chylomicron production and clearance is less clear, particularly in light of opposing effects of co-secreted hormones. Here, we tested the hypothesis that physiological levels of incretins may impact on production or clearances rates of chylomicrons and VLDL. DESIGN AND METHODS A group of 22 overweight/obese men was studied to determine associations between plasma levels of glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 (GLP-1 and GLP-2) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) after a fat-rich meal and the production and clearance rates of apoB48- and apoB100-containing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Subjects were stratified by above- and below-median incretin response (area under the curve). RESULTS Stratification yielded subgroups that differed about two-fold in incretin response. There were neither differences in apoB48 production rates in chylomicrons or VLDL fractions nor in apoB100 or triglyceride kinetics in VLDL between men with above- vs below-median incretin responses. The men with above-median GLP-1 and GLP-2 responses exhibited higher postprandial plasma and chylomicron triglyceride levels, but this could not be related to altered kinetic parameters. No differences were found between incretin response subgroups and particle clearance rates. CONCLUSION We found no evidence for a regulatory effect of endogenous incretins on contemporaneous chylomicron or VLDL metabolism following a standardised fat-rich meal. The actions of incretins at pharmacological doses may not be reflected at physiological levels of these hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Matikainen
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elias Björnson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sanni Söderlund
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Ainola
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Lundbom
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carina Sihlbom
- Proteomics Facility, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Thorsell
- Proteomics Facility, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Andersson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Adiels
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carolyn F Deacon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to the causal role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their cholesterol-enriched remnants in atherogenesis. Genetic studies in particular have not only revealed a relationship between plasma triglyceride levels and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but have also identified key proteins responsible for the regulation of triglyceride transport. Kinetic studies in humans using stable isotope tracers have been especially useful in delineating the function of these proteins and revealing the hitherto unappreciated complexity of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Given that triglyceride is an essential energy source for mammals, triglyceride transport is regulated by numerous mechanisms that balance availability with the energy demands of the body. Ongoing investigations are focused on determining the consequences of dysregulation as a result of either dietary imprudence or genetic variation that increases the risk of atherosclerosis and pancreatitis. The identification of molecular control mechanisms involved in triglyceride metabolism has laid the groundwork for a 'precision-medicine' approach to therapy. Novel pharmacological agents under development have specific molecular targets within a regulatory framework, and their deployment heralds a new era in lipid-lowering-mediated prevention of disease. In this Review, we outline what is known about the dysregulation of triglyceride transport in human hypertriglyceridaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elias Björnson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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10
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Zhao F, Zhou Q, Cong Z, Hang K, Zou X, Zhang C, Chen Y, Dai A, Liang A, Ming Q, Wang M, Chen LN, Xu P, Chang R, Feng W, Xia T, Zhang Y, Wu B, Yang D, Zhao L, Xu HE, Wang MW. Structural insights into multiplexed pharmacological actions of tirzepatide and peptide 20 at the GIP, GLP-1 or glucagon receptors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1057. [PMID: 35217653 PMCID: PMC8881610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis, regulated by glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon (GCG) is critical to human health. Several multi-targeting agonists at GIPR, GLP-1R or GCGR, developed to maximize metabolic benefits with reduced side-effects, are in clinical trials to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which tirzepatide, a GIPR/GLP-1R dual agonist, and peptide 20, a GIPR/GLP-1R/GCGR triagonist, manifest their multiplexed pharmacological actions over monoagonists such as semaglutide, we determine cryo-electron microscopy structures of tirzepatide-bound GIPR and GLP-1R as well as peptide 20-bound GIPR, GLP-1R and GCGR. The structures reveal both common and unique features for the dual and triple agonism by illustrating key interactions of clinical relevance at the near-atomic level. Retention of glucagon function is required to achieve such an advantage over GLP-1 monotherapy. Our findings provide valuable insights into the structural basis of functional versatility of tirzepatide and peptide 20. Multi-targeting agonists at GIPR, GLP-1R or GCGR are pursued vigorously. Here, the authors report cryo-EM structures of tirzepatide-bound GIPR and GLP-1R, peptide 20-bound GIPR, GLP-1R and GCGR, revealing the molecular basis of their multiplexed pharmacological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaotong Cong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaini Hang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Zou
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Antao Dai
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Anyi Liang
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianqian Ming
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mu Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Nan Chen
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rulve Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Xia
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beili Wu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan, China.
| | - Lihua Zhao
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. .,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya, Hainan, China.
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11
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Cong Z, Liang YL, Zhou Q, Darbalaei S, Zhao F, Feng W, Zhao L, Xu HE, Yang D, Wang MW. Structural perspective of class B1 GPCR signaling. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:321-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Zhao L, Zhang M, Pan F, Li J, Dou R, Wang X, Wang Y, He Y, Wang S, Cai S. In silico analysis of novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory peptides released from Macadamia integrifolia antimicrobial protein 2 (MiAMP2) and the possible pathways involved in diabetes protection. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:603-611. [PMID: 34522898 PMCID: PMC8424447 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to screen novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides from Macadamia integrifolia antimicrobial protein 2 (MiAMP2) and evaluate the potential antidiabetic targets and involved signaling pathways using in silico approaches. In silico digestion of MiAMP2 with pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin was performed with ExPASy PeptideCutter and the generated peptides were subjected to BIOPEP-UWM, iDrug, INNOVAGEN and Autodock Vina for further analyses. Six novel peptides EQVR, EQVK, AESE, EEDNK, EECK, and EVEE were predicted to possess good DPP-IV inhibitory potentials, water solubility, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties. Molecular dynamic simulation and molecular docking displayed that AESE was the most potent DPP-IV inhibitory peptide and can bind with the active sites of DPP-IV through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. The potential antidiabetic targets of AESE were retrieved from SwissTargetPrediction and GeneCards databases. Protein-protein interaction analysis identified BIRC2, CASP3, MMP7 and BIRC3 to be the hub targets. Moreover, the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that AESE prevented diabetes through the apoptosis and TNF signaling pathways. These results will provide new insights into utilization of MiAMP2 as functional food ingredients for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ran Dou
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yumeng He
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shaoxuan Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
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13
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Lammers T, Noels H. Lipids in disease pathology, diagnosis & therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 159:1-3. [PMID: 33308647 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are becoming more prominent as a therapeutic choice in diabetes management and their use is being expanded to other indications, such as obesity. Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease are common co-morbidities in these populations and understanding the impact of this class of medications on the lipid profile may be an important consideration. RECENT FINDINGS Several GLP-1RAs trials demonstrate them to be safe and potentially beneficial for cardiovascular outcomes; improvements in surrogate markers of atherosclerosis have also been observed. Lipid data collected as secondary outcomes from large clinical trials as well as some smaller dedicated trials show that GLP-1RAs can modestly lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (C), and most show modest fasting triglyceride (TG) lowering. Effects on high-density lipoprotein-C have been less consistent. Some have also demonstrated substantial blunting of the postprandial rise in serum TGs. Favorable effects on lipoprotein metabolism, with reduced levels of small dense LDL particles and decreased atherogenic potential of oxidized LDL, have also been seen. Mechanisms underlying these observations have been investigated. SUMMARY This review summarizes the data available on the lipid effects of GLP-1RAs, and explores the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying these observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Berberich
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Zhong MW, Li Y, Cheng YG, Liu QR, Hu SY, Zhang GY. Effect of oligofructose on resistance to postoperative high-fat diet-induced damage of metabolism in diabetic rats after sleeve gastrectomy. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:453-465. [PMID: 33889290 PMCID: PMC8040080 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) can induce prominent remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the long-term remission rate of diabetes usually decreases over time. Oligofructose has been verified to modulate host metabolism. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effect of oligofructose on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic dysfunction after SG.
AIM To study the effect and mechanism of oligofructose on diabetic remission in diabetic rats after SG.
METHODS SG and SHAM operation were performed on diabetes rats induced with an HFD, nicotinamide, and low-dose streptozotocin. Then the rats in the SHAM and SG groups were continuously provided with the HFD, and the rats in sleeve gastrectomy-oligofructose group were provided with a specific HFD containing 10% oligofructose. Body weight, calorie intake, oral glucose tolerance test, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, lipid profile, serum insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), total bile acids, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and colonic microbiota levels were determined and compared at the designated time points. All statistical analyses were performed using Statistic Package for Social Science version 19.0 (IBM, United States), and the statistically significant difference was considered at P < 0.05.
RESULTS At 2 wk after surgery, rats that underwent SG exhibited improved indexes of glucose and lipid metabolism. Compared with the SG group, the rats from SG-oligofructose group exhibited better parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, lower body weight (526.86 ± 21.51 vs 469.25 ± 21.84, P < 0.001), calorie intake (152.14 ± 9.48 vs 129.63 ± 8.99, P < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (4.32 ± 0.57 vs 3.46 ± 0.52, P < 0.05), and LPS levels (0.19 ± 0.01 vs 0.16 ± 0.01, P < 0.05), and higher levels of insulin (1.17 ± 0.17 vs 1.58 ± 0.16, P < 0.001) and GLP-1 (12.39 ± 1.67 vs 14.94 ± 1.86, P < 0.001), and relative abundances of Bifidobacterium (0.0034 ± 0.0014 vs 0.0343 ± 0.0064, P < 0.001), Lactobacillus (0.0161 ± 0.0037 vs 0.0357 ± 0.0047, P < 0.001), and Akkermansia muciniphila (0.0050 ± 0.0024 vs 0.0507 ± 0.0100, P < 0.001) at the end of the study. However, no difference in total bile acids levels was observed between the two groups.
CONCLUSION Oligofructose partially prevents HFD-induced glucose and lipid metabolism damage after SG, which may be due to the changes of calorie intake, insulin, GLP-1, LPS, and the gut microbiota in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Gang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiao-Ran Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - San-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guang-Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Gastrointestinal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of General Surgery, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
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16
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Chen W, Yin H, Zhang N, Liu W, Qu Q, Xiao J, Gong F, He X. Improvement of Postprandial Lipid Metabolism After Ileal Transposition in Non-obese Diabetic Rats. Obes Surg 2021; 31:1572-1578. [PMID: 33409975 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-05158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ileal transposition (IT) could reduce obesity and improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The main aim of our study was to investigate lipid metabolism changes in T2DM rats after IT without a weight reduction effect. METHODS Thirty male diabetic rats were randomly divided into IT, sham IT (SI), and control groups. The levels of plasma cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TGs), and bile acid were measured. After sacrifice, the white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue and liver were weighed. RESULTS IT induced significant improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism. There were no significant differences in the levels of cholesterol (P = 0.87), HDL (P = 0.70), LDL (P = 0.96), or TGs (P = 0.97) among the groups before surgery. After IT, the levels of cholesterol (P = 0.019), LDL (P = 0.004), and TGs (P < 0.001) were lower than those in the SI and control groups, while the level of HDL was not significantly different compared to those of the other groups (P = 0.437). Higher bile acid level (P = 0.001), lower white adipose tissue/total body weight ratio (P < 0.001), and lower liver/total body weight ratio (P = 0.003) were found in the IT group. The BAT/total body weight ratio in the IT group was higher than that in the SI or control groups (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS IT could improve lipid metabolism in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan 1#, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixin Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan 1#, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan 1#, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan 1#, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan 1#, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchun Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan 1#, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan 1#, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong He
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan 1#, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Sachs S, Niu L, Geyer P, Jall S, Kleinert M, Feuchtinger A, Stemmer K, Brielmeier M, Finan B, DiMarchi RD, Tschöp MH, Wewer Albrechtsen N, Mann M, Müller TD, Hofmann SM. Plasma proteome profiles treatment efficacy of incretin dual agonism in diet-induced obese female and male mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:195-207. [PMID: 33001570 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Unimolecular peptides targeting the receptors for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) (GLP-1/GIP co-agonist) have been shown to outperform each single peptide in the treatment of obesity and cardiometabolic disease in preclinical and clinical trials. By combining physiological treatment endpoints with plasma proteomic profiling (PPP), we aimed to identify biomarkers to advance non-invasive metabolic monitoring of compound treatment success and exploration of ulterior treatment effects on an individual basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed metabolic phenotyping along with PPP in body weight-matched male and female diet-induced obese (DIO) mice treated for 21 days with phosphate-buffered saline, single GIP and GLP-1 mono-agonists, or a GLP-1/GIP co-agonist. RESULTS GLP-1R/GIPR co-agonism improved obesity, glucose intolerance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dyslipidaemia with superior efficacy in both male and female mice compared with mono-agonist treatments. PPP revealed broader changes of plasma proteins after GLP-1/GIP co-agonist compared with mono-agonist treatments in both sexes, including established and potential novel biomarkers for systemic inflammation, NAFLD and atherosclerosis. Subtle sex-specific differences have been observed in metabolic phenotyping and PPP. CONCLUSIONS We herein show that a recently developed unimolecular GLP-1/GIP co-agonist is more efficient in improving metabolic disease than either mono-agonist in both sexes. PPP led to the identification of a sex-independent protein panel with the potential to monitor non-invasively the treatment efficacies on metabolic function of this clinically advancing GLP-1/GIP co-agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Sachs
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lili Niu
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Philipp Geyer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sigrid Jall
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Stemmer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Brielmeier
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Comparative Medicine, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Brian Finan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Richard D DiMarchi
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Mann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der LMU, Munich, Germany
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