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Caetano JVB, Valera FCP, Anselmo-Lima WT, Tamashiro E. Non-antibiotic antimicrobial agents for chronic rhinosinusitis: a narrative review. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 90:101436. [PMID: 38696892 PMCID: PMC11078632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2024.101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This narrative review explores alternative non-antibiotic antimicrobial agents for CRS management in adults. METHODS Alternative antimicrobial agents using EPOS 2020 guidelines as reference were selected, and articles dated from 2003 to 2022 in English, Portuguese, or Spanish using PubMed and EMBASE databases. The parameters analyzed included study design, evidence level, population characteristics, CRS characteristics, interventions, outcomes, sample size, randomization, blinding, and side effects. Reviews, unrelated contexts,in vitro experiments, and duplicates were excluded. RESULTS 148 articles were screened; 19 articles were selected for analysis. Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies assessing non-antibiotic antimicrobial treatments for CRS were included. Xylitol demonstrated effectiveness in reducing CRS symptoms, particularly SNOT-22 scores, surpassing saline irrigation benefits. Manuka honey showed potential microbiological benefits in recalcitrant CRS, but symptomatic and endoscopic improvements remained inconclusive. Baby shampoo irrigation improved nasal mucociliary clearance and postoperative outcomes. Colloidal silver nasal irrigation showed limited efficacy in reducing CRS symptoms or endoscopic scores. Povidone-Iodine (PI) nasal irrigation yielded mixed results, with varying effects on culture negativity and SNOT-20 scores. Bacteriophage treatment exhibited promise in decreasing specific bacterial strains and cytokine levels. CONCLUSION Non-antibiotic antimicrobial therapies, including xylitol, manuka honey, baby shampoo, colloidal silver, PI, bacteriophages, lactoferrin, and carrageenan offer potential alternatives for CRS in adult patients. Xylitol, baby shampoo, and PI presented benefits in improving symptoms and nasal endoscopic scores, however, the number of studies is limited for conclusive recommendations and safety assessments. CRS management should adopt a comprehensive approach, particularly for non-infectious or immune-related cases, moving beyond antibiotics. Antibiotics should be reserved for confirmed bacterial infections. Overall, this review shows the importance of exploring non-antibiotic therapies to enhance the management of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Vitor Bizinoto Caetano
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cardoso Pereira Valera
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilma T Anselmo-Lima
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Edwin Tamashiro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Sbricoli L, Schiavon L, Brunello G, Brun P, Becker K, Sivolella S. Efficacy of different mouthwashes against COVID-19: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Jpn Dent Sci Rev 2023; 59:334-356. [PMID: 37854066 PMCID: PMC10579871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effectiveness of antiseptic mouthwashes in reducing SARS-CoV-2 load clinically and in vitro. A systematic electronic search (MEDLINE/Scopus/Cochrane) was conducted to identify prospective clinical and in vitro studies published between 2019 included and 16 June 2023 assessing the effectiveness of mouthwashes in reducing SARS-CoV-2 load in saliva or surrogates. Data were summarized in tables and a network meta-analysis was performed for clinical trials. Thirty-five studies (14 RCTs, 21 in vitro) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was judged to be high for 2 clinical and 7 in vitro studies. The most commonly test product was chlorhexidine alone or in combination with other active ingredients, followed by povidone-iodine, hydrogen peroxide and cetylpyridinium chloride. Overall, the descriptive analysis revealed the effectiveness of the mouthwashes in decreasing the salivary viral load both clinically and in vitro. Network meta-analysis demonstrated a high degree of heterogeneity. Among these studies, only chlorhexidine 0.20% was associated to a significant Ct increase in the saliva 5 min after rinsing compared to non-active control (p = 0.027). Data from clinical and in vitro studies suggested the antiviral efficacy of commonly used mouthwashes. Large well-balanced trials are needed to identify the best rinsing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sbricoli
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Dentistry, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Lucia Schiavon
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Dentistry, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Brunello
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Dentistry, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Kathrin Becker
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefano Sivolella
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Dentistry, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Alves PJ, Gryson L, Hajjar J, Lepelletier D, Reners M, Rodríguez Salazar J, Simon A. Role of antiseptics in the prevention and treatment of infections in nursing homes. J Hosp Infect 2023; 131:58-69. [PMID: 36216172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate infection control, wound care, and oral hygiene protocols in nursing homes pose challenges to residents' quality of life. Based on the outcomes from a focus group meeting and a literature search, this narrative review evaluates the current and potential roles of antiseptics within nursing home infection management procedures. We examine contemporary strategies and concerns within the management of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; including decolonization regimes), chronic wound care, and oral hygiene, and review the available data for the use of antiseptics, with a focus on povidone-iodine. Compared with chlorhexidine, polyhexanide, and silver, povidone-iodine has a broader spectrum of antimicrobial activity, with rapid and potent activity against MRSA and other microbes found in chronic wounds, including biofilms. As no reports of bacterial resistance or cross-resistance following exposure to povidone-iodine exist, it may be preferable for MRSA decolonization compared with mupirocin and chlorhexidine, which can lead to resistant MRSA strains. Povidone-iodine oral products have greater efficacy against oral pathogens compared with other antiseptics such as chlorhexidine mouthwash, highlighting the clinical benefit of povidone-iodine in oral care. Additionally, povidone-iodine-based products, including mouthwash, have demonstrated rapid in-vitro virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 and may help reduce its transmission if incorporated into nursing home coronavirus 2019 control protocols. Importantly, povidone-iodine activity is not adversely affected by organic material, such as that found in chronic wounds and the oral cavity. Povidone-iodine is a promising antiseptic agent for the management of infections in the nursing home setting, including MRSA decolonization procedures, chronic wound management, and oral care.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Alves
- Wounds Research Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Portugal.
| | - L Gryson
- Belgian Defence Medical Component, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Hajjar
- Infection Control Practitioner, Consultant, Pau, France
| | - D Lepelletier
- Hospital Hygiene Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - M Reners
- Private Dental Practice, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - A Simon
- Infection Control Team, Groupe Hospitalier Jolimont, Haine Saint-Paul, Belgium
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Lim NA, Teng O, Ng CYH, Bao LXY, Tambyah PA, Quek AML, Seet RCS. Repurposing povidone-iodine to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission: a narrative review. Ann Med 2022; 54:1488-1499. [PMID: 35594333 PMCID: PMC9132411 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2076902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating data suggest antiviral effects of povidone-iodine against the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. This narrative review aims to examine the antiviral mechanisms of povidone-iodine, efficacy of povidone-iodine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and safety of povidone-iodine to human epithelial cells and thyroid function. METHODS We searched the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for articles containing the keywords "povidone-iodine", "SARS-CoV-2" and "COVID-19" from database inception till 3 June 2021. RESULTS Despite in vitro data supporting the anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects of povidone-iodine, findings from clinical studies revealed differences in treatment response depending on study settings (healthy vs. hospitalized individuals), treatment target (nasal vs. oral vs. pharynx), method of administration (oral rinse vs. gargle vs. throat spray) and choice of samples used to measure study endpoints (nasopharyngeal vs. saliva). One large-scale clinical trial demonstrated reduction in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among participants who administered povidone-iodine 3 times daily during an active outbreak. Povidone-iodine is also used to disinfect the oro-pharyngeal space prior to dental or otolaryngology procedures. Although existing data suggest minimal impact of povidone-iodine on thyroid function, high-quality safety data are presently lacking. CONCLUSIONS Povidone-iodine application to the oropharyngeal space could complement existing non-pharmacological interventions to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection especially in high exposure settings.Key messagesAccumulating data suggest antiviral effects of povidone-iodine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.Findings from clinical studies reveal differences in treatment response depending on study settings, treatment target, method of administration and choice of samples used to measure study endpoints. One large-scale clinical trial observed reduction in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among participants who administered povidone-iodine 3 times daily during an active outbreak.Povidone-iodine application to the oropharyngeal space could complement existing non-pharmacological interventions to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection especially in high exposure settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole-Ann Lim
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ooiean Teng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chester Yan Hao Ng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lena X. Y. Bao
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amy M. L. Quek
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond C. S. Seet
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Matsuyama A, Okura H, Hashimoto S, Tanaka T. A prospective, randomized, open-label trial of early versus late povidone-iodine gargling in patients with COVID-19. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20449. [PMID: 36443363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) is a broad-spectrum antiseptic reagent that has been used for over 50 years. The purpose of this study is to look into the effect of gargling with PVP-I gargling on virus clearance and saliva infectivity in COVID-19. A prospective, randomized, open-label trial of intervention with PVP-I was conducted at three quarantine facilities in Osaka, Japan, enrolling adolescents and adults with asymptomatic-to-mild COVID-19. Patients were randomly allocated to the early and late intervention group at a 1:1 ratio. The early group gargled with PVP-I from days 2 to day 6; the late group gargled with water first, then with PVP-I from day 5 after sampling till day 6. The primary and secondary endpoints were viral clearance for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-qPCR at days 5 and 6, respectively, and the investigational endpoint was saliva infectivity clearance on day5. We enrolled 430 participants, with 215 assigned to each group, and 139 in the early group and 140 in the late had a positive saliva RT-qPCR test on day 2. On day 5, the early group had a significantly higher RT-qPCR negative rate than that of the late group (p = 0.015), and the early had a significantly higher clearance rate of infectivity (p = 0.025). During the PVP-I intervention, one participant reported oropharyngeal discomfort. Gargling with PVP-I may hasten virus clearance and reduce viral transmission via salivary droplets and aerosols in patients with asymptomatic-to-mild COVID-19. (Clinical trial registration numbers: jRCT1051200078 and dateof registration: 24/11/2020).
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Chumpitaz-Cerrate V, Chávez-Rimache L, Ruiz-Ramirez E, Franco-Quino C, Erazo-Paredes C. Evaluation of Current Evidence on the Use of Oral Antiseptics Against SARS-CoV-2: A Narrative Review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2022; 12:488-499. [PMID: 36532329 PMCID: PMC9753926 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_65_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The detection of SARS-COV-2 in the oral cavity has generated endless claims about the efficacy of using oral mouthwashes to reduce viral load. This review aims to assess the current evidence on the use of oral antiseptics against SARS-CoV-2 and to assess the certainty of the evidence according to the GRADE system. The question this study focussed on was what is the efficacy of oral antiseptics against SARS-CoV-2? MATERIALS AND METHODS A bibliographic search was performed in Medline databases through PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar (until February 2022), using search terms related to COVID-19 and oral antiseptics. Two independent researchers extracted the information from the articles included in an excel form. The identification and selection of the studies was carried out from August 2021 to February 2022. RESULTS It was found that oral antiseptics can have a potential beneficial effect on COVID-19, mainly in reducing viral load. However, these potential benefits are mainly based on in-vitro studies or clinical studies with various methodological limitations. At present, the certainty of the evidence is very low due to inconsistency (heterogeneity), moderate-to-high risk of bias, and imprecision of the results. CONCLUSION The certainty of the current evidence on the efficacy of oral antiseptics against SARS-CoV-2 is very low, mainly due to the methodological limitations of the studies. Therefore, for evidence-based decision-making about this intervention, clinical studies with greater methodological rigor are required. Oral antiseptics could present potential benefits in patients with COVID-19 mainly by reducing viral load. However, a careful and conscious evaluation of the evidence is required for decision-making in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chumpitaz-Cerrate
- Group “Investigación en Ciencias Básicas Estomatológicas ICBEST,” Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú,Address for correspondence: Dr. Victor Chumpitaz-Cerrate, Germán Amézaga Nro. 375, Lima, Perú. E-mail:
| | - Lesly Chávez-Rimache
- Group “Investigación en Ciencias Básicas Estomatológicas ICBEST,” Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Eliberto Ruiz-Ramirez
- Group “Investigación en Ciencias Básicas Estomatológicas ICBEST,” Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - César Franco-Quino
- Group “Investigación en Ciencias Básicas Estomatológicas ICBEST,” Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Carlos Erazo-Paredes
- Group “Investigación en Ciencias Básicas Estomatológicas ICBEST,” Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
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Pizarro MO, Mejia CR, Rodríguez-Díaz DR, Herrera YM, Cabrejo AB, Serna-Alarcon V. Mouthwashes and the Effect on the Viral Load of SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva: A Literature Review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: At present, several active ingredients have been investigated in mouthwashes having certain virucidal properties, which could reduce the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 to avoid contamination in medical or dental practice.
AIM: The objective of this review is to analyze the available evidence regarding mouthwashes and their effect on the salivary viral load of SARS-CoV-2.
METHODS: Records were retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library up to June 21, 2022. Randomized or non-randomized clinical trials were included where saliva samples and laboratory or in vitro studies were used in the presence of saliva.
RESULTS: After a systematic selection process, 11 clinical studies that evaluated at least one mouthwash within clinical protocols and three laboratory studies that evaluated the virucidal efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of saliva were finally included.
CONCLUSION: There are oral disinfectants with virucidal action in saliva samples, under clinical and laboratory conditions, capable of reducing the viral load of SARS-CoV-2. Cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, and povidone-iodine present the best results so far. However, it was also possible to find active principles of recent appearance that, based on favorable exploratory results, needs further investigation on their efficacy and possible adverse events.
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Zhang K, Ren X, Chen J, Wang C, He S, Chen X, Xiong T, Su J, Wang S, Zhu W, Zhang J, Wu L. Particle Design and Inhalation Delivery of Iodine for Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Therapy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:189. [PMID: 35804252 PMCID: PMC9282151 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by upper respiratory tract (URT) and pulmonary infections have been a serious threat to human health for millennia and lack of targeted effective therapeutic techniques. In this study, two kinds of cyclodextrin particles with typical particle shapes of nanocubes and microbars were synthesized through a facile process. Subsequently, the particles were used as carriers for loading and stabilizing iodine and characterizations were performed to demonstrate the loading mechanism. Next-generation impactor (NGI) experiments showed that iodine-loaded microbars (I2@microbars) had a deposition rate of 79.75% in URT, while iodine-loaded nanocubes (I2@nanocubes) were delivered to the deep lungs with a fine particle fraction (FPF) of 46.30%. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) indicated that the iodine-loaded nanocubes and microbars had similar bactericidal effect to povidone iodine solution. Cell viability studies and extracellular pro-inflammatory factor (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) evaluations demonstrate noncytotoxic effects of the blank carriers and anti-inflammatory effects of iodine-loaded samples. The irritation of the rat pharynx by I2@microbars was evaluated for the behavioral observations, body weight changes, histopathological studies, and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in pharyngeal tissues. The results showed that I2@microbars had no irritation to rat pharyngeal tissues at therapeutic doses. In conclusion, the present study provides novel treatment of URT infections via supramolecular cyclodextrin carriers for URT local therapy with iodine loading by a solvent-free method, which enhances the stability and reduces the inherent irritation without inhibiting their antimicrobial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16 88, Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004, China.,Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaohong Ren
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jiacai Chen
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Caifen Wang
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.,College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Siyu He
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaojin Chen
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ting Xiong
- Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.,College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiawen Su
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16 88, Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004, China.,Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16 88, Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16 88, Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004, China. .,Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China. .,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138, Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210000, China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Li Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 16 88, Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330004, China. .,Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501, Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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Shet M, Westover J, Hong R, Igo D, Cataldo M, Bhaskar S. In vitro inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 using a povidone-iodine oral rinse. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:47. [PMID: 35216566 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals, especially dentists and dental hygienists, are at increased risk for contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through air-borne particles and splatter. This study assessed the in vitro virucidal activity of 0.5% (w/v) povidone-iodine (PVP-I) oral rinse against SARS-CoV-2 to demonstrate its utility as a professional oral rinse. METHODS A 0.5% (w/v) PVP-I oral rinse formulation, placebo oral rinse, and positive (70% [v/v] ethanol and water) and negative (water) controls were assessed using the time-kill method. SARS-CoV-2 was propagated in Vero 76 host cells. Following neutralization validation, triplicate tests were performed for each test formulation and virucidal activity measured at 15, 30, and 60 s and 5 min. RESULTS The 0.5% (w/v) PVP-I oral rinse demonstrated effective in vitro virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 as early as 15 s after exposure; viral titer was reduced to < 0.67 log10 50% cell culture infectious dose (CCID50)/0.1 mL (log10 reduction of > 4.0) at 30 s, whereas the placebo oral rinse reduced the SARS-CoV-2 viral titer to 4.67 and 4.5 log10 CCID50/0.1 mL at the 15- and 30-s time points, with a log10 reduction of 0.63 and 0.17, respectively. No toxicity or cytotoxic effects against Vero 76 host cells were observed with the 0.5% (w/v) PVP-I oral rinse; positive and negative controls performed as expected. CONCLUSIONS In vitro virucidal activity of 0.5% (w/v) PVP-I oral rinse against SARS-CoV-2 was demonstrated. Rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 was observed with 0.5% (w/v) formulation with a contact duration of 15 s. Clinical investigations are needed to assess the effectiveness of PVP-I oral rinse against SARS-CoV-2 in dental practice.
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