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Wu T, Chen Y, You Q, Jiang Z, Chen X. Targeting bromodomian-containing protein 8 (BRD8): An advanced tool to interrogate BRD8. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116271. [PMID: 38401187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play crucial roles in physiological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and death. Bromodomain/Brd-containing proteins (BCPs) regulate abnormal gene expression in various diseases by recognizing the lysine-ε-N-acetylated residues (KAc) or by acting as transcriptional co-activators. Small molecule inhibitors targeting BCPs offer an attractive strategy for modulating aberrant gene expression. Besides the extensive research on the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) domain family proteins, the non-BET proteins have gained increasing attention. Bromodomain containing protein 8 (BRD8), a reader of KAc and co-activator of nuclear receptors (NRs), plays a key role in various cancers. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure, disease-related functions, and inhibitor development of BRD8. Opportunities and challenges for future studies targeting BRD8 in disease treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yali Chen
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xuetao Chen
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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2
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He H, Yang W, Shi Y, Chen X, Chen X, Hu X, Li X, Yang Y, Liu Z, Ye T, Wang N, Yu L. Design and synthesis of the first PARP-1 and proteasome dual inhibitors to treat breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115943. [PMID: 38039793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
PARP-1 is a crucial factor in repairing DNA single strand damage and maintaining genomic stability. However, the use of PARP-1 inhibitors is limited to combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or as a single agent for indications carrying HRR defects. The ubiquitin-proteasome system processes the majority of cellular proteins and is the principal manner by which cells regulate protein homeostasis. Proteasome inhibitors can cooperate with PARP-1 inhibitors to inhibit DNA homologous recombination repair function. In this study, we designed and synthesized the first dual PARP-1 and proteasome inhibitor based on Olaparib and Ixazomib. Both compounds 42d and 42i exhibited excellent proliferation inhibition and dual-target synergistic effects on cells that were insensitive to PARP-1 inhibitors. Further mechanistic evaluations revealed that 42d and 42i could inhibit homologous recombination repair function by down-regulating the expression of BRCA1 and RAD51. Additionally, 42i induced more significant apoptosis and showed better inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in clonal formation experiments in breast cancer cells than 42d. In summary, our study presented a new class of dual PARP-1/proteasome inhibitors with significant synergistic effects for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong He
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wan Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yaojie Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yingyue Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ningyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Luoting Yu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Thakur A, Rana M, Ritika, Mathew J, Nepali S, Pan CH, Liou JP, Nepali K. Small molecule tractable PARP inhibitors: Scaffold construction approaches, mechanistic insights and structure activity relationship. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106893. [PMID: 37783100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Diverse drug design strategies viz. molecular hybridization, substituent installation, scaffold hopping, isosteric replacement, high-throughput screening, induction and separation of chirality, structure modifications of phytoconstituents and use of structural templates have been exhaustively leveraged in the last decade to load the chemical toolbox of PARP inhibitors. Resultantly, numerous promising scaffolds have been pinpointed that in turn have led to the resuscitation of the credence to PARP inhibitors as cancer therapeutics. This review briefly presents the physiological functions of PARPs, the pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics, and the interaction profiles of FDA-approved PARP inhibitors. Comprehensively covered is the section on the drug design strategies employed by drug discovery enthusiasts for furnishing PARP inhibitors. The impact of structural variations in the template of designed scaffolds on enzymatic and cellular activity (structure-activity relationship studies) has been discussed. The insights gained through the biological evaluation such as profiling of physicochemical properties andin vitroADME properties, PK assessments, and high-dose pharmacology are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Mandeep Rana
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Ritika
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Jacob Mathew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Sanya Nepali
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
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4
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Li Y, Chu X, Yin Y, Li H, Fu H, Feng X, Deng Y, Ge J. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 4-(3-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)benzyl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one derivatives: potent BRD4 inhibitors with anti-breast cancer activity. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1289003. [PMID: 38099141 PMCID: PMC10720709 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1289003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BRD4 inhibitors have demonstrated promising potential in cancer therapy. However, their therapeutic efficacy in breast cancer varies depending on the breast cancer subtype, particularly in the treatment of TNBC. In this study, we designed and synthesized 94 derivatives of 4-(3-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)benzyl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one to evaluate their inhibitory activities against BRD4. Notably, compound DDT26 exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect on BRD4, with an IC50 value of 0.237 ± 0.093 μM. DDT26 demonstrated significant anti-proliferative activity against both TNBC cell lines and MCF-7 cells. Intriguingly, the phthalazinone moiety of DDT26 mimicked the PAPR1 substrate, resulting in DDT26 displaying a moderate inhibitory effect on PARP1 with an IC50 value of 4.289 ± 1.807 μM. Further, DDT26 was shown to modulate the expression of c-MYC and γ-H2AX, induce DNA damage, inhibit cell migration and colony formation, and arrest the cell cycle at the G1 phase in MCF-7 cells. Our findings present potential lead compounds for the development of potent anti-breast cancer agents targeting BRD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingpeng Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinhong Chu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Yin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongkun Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Fu
- College of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinchi Feng
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanru Deng
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Ge
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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5
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Wang P, Zhu WT, Wang Y, Song SS, Xi Y, Yang XY, Shen YY, Su Y, Sun YM, Gao YL, Chen Y, Ding J, Miao ZH, Zhang A, He JX. Identification of [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazine PARP1 inhibitors with overcome acquired resistance activities. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115709. [PMID: 37567056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitors can selectively kill homologous recombination (HR) deficient cancer cells and elicit anticancer effect through a mechanism of synthetic lethality. In this study, we designed, synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated a series of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazine derivatives as a class of potent PARP1 inhibitors. Among them, compounds 17m, 19a, 19c, 19e, 19i and 19k not only displayed more potent inhibitory activities (IC50s < 4.1 nM) than 9 and 1 against PARP1, but also exhibited nanomolar range of antiproliferative effects against MDA-MB-436 (BRCA1-/-, IC50s < 1.9 nM) and Capan-1 (BRCA2-/-, IC50s < 21.6 nM) cells. Notably, 19k significantly inhibited proliferation of resistant Capan-1 cells (IC50s < 0.3 nM). Collectively, the newly discovered PARP1 inhibitors act as a useful pharmacological tool for investigating the mechanism of acquired resistance to PARP1 inhibitors, and may also represent promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of HR deficient cancers with the potential to overcome the acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyuan Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Wen-Ting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shan-Shan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan-Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying-Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jin-Xue He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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6
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Wahi A, Manchanda N, Jain P, Jadhav HR. Targeting the epigenetic reader "BET" as a therapeutic strategy for cancer. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106833. [PMID: 37683545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins have the ability to bind to acetylated lysine residues present in both histones and non-histone proteins. This binding is facilitated by the presence of tandem bromodomains. The regulatory role of BET proteins extends to chromatin dynamics, cellular processes, and disease progression. The BET family comprises of BRD 2, 3, 4 and BRDT. The BET proteins are a class of epigenetic readers that regulate the transcriptional activity of a multitude of genes that are involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. Thus, targeting BET proteins has been identified as a potentially efficacious approach for the treatment of cancer. BET inhibitors (BETis) are known to interfere with the binding of BET proteins to acetylated lysine residues of chromatin, thereby leading to the suppression of transcription of several genes, including oncogenic transcription factors. Here in this review, we focus on role of Bromodomain and extra C-terminal (BET) proteins in cancer progression. Furthermore, numerous small-molecule inhibitors with pan-BET activity have been documented, with certain compounds currently undergoing clinical assessment. However, it is apparent that the clinical effectiveness of the present BET inhibitors is restricted, prompting the exploration of novel technologies to enhance their clinical outcomes and mitigate undesired adverse effects. Thus, strategies like development of selective BET-BD1, & BD2 inhibitors, dual and acting BET are also presented in this review and attempts to cover the chemistry needed for proper establishment of designed molecules into BRD have been made. Moreover, the review attempts to summarize the details of research till date and proposes a space for future development of BET inhibitor with diminished side effects. It can be concluded that discovery of isoform selective BET inhibitors can be a way forward in order to develop BET inhibitors with negligible side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Wahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, Delhi, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Namish Manchanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, Delhi, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Priti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, Delhi, New Delhi 110017, India.
| | - Hemant R Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
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Sayed MM, Nabil ZI, El-Shenawy NS, Al-Eisa RA, Nafie MS. In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Synthesis Novel Phenoxyacetamide Derivatives as Potent Apoptotic Inducer against HepG2 Cells through PARP-1 Inhibition. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1524. [PMID: 38004390 PMCID: PMC10674780 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To discover potential cytotoxic agents, new semi-synthetic phenoxy acetamide derivatives, compound I and compound II, were synthesized, characterized, and screened for their cytotoxic activity against breast cancer (MCF-7) and liver cancer (HepG2) cell lines. The two compounds were more promising against HepG2 than the MCF-7 cell line according to IC50 values. When tested against the HepG2 cell line, compound I, and compound II both had significantly increased cytotoxic activity when compared to the reference medication 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), with IC50 values of 1.43 M, 5.32 M, and 6.52 M for compound 1, 5-FU and compound II, respectively. Also, compound I displayed a degree of selectivity towards cancer cells compared to normal cells. Compound I significantly enhanced HepG2 total apoptotic cell death by about a 24.51-fold increase. According to cell cycle analysis, compound I induced the arrest of the cell cycle phases G1/S and blocked the progression of the HepG2 cells. Applying the RT-PCR technique achieved a highly significant upregulation in pro-apoptotic genes. The anti-apoptotic gene was significantly downregulated. There was an intrinsic and extrinsic pathway, but the intrinsic pathway was the dominant one. Tumor growth suppression as measured by tumor weight and volume and other hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses confirmed the efficacy of compound I as an anticancer agent in vivo examination. Finally, the molecular docking study revealed that compound I was properly docked inside the binding site of PARP-1 protein with stable binding energies and interactive binding modes. Therefore, compound I shows promise as a selective anti-cancer derivative for the treatment of liver cancer after more investigations and clinical studies. This selectivity is a favorable characteristic in the developing cytotoxic agents for cancer treatment, as it indicates a potential for reduced harm to health tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.M.S.); (Z.I.N.)
| | - Zohour I. Nabil
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.M.S.); (Z.I.N.)
| | - Nahla S. El-Shenawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.M.S.); (Z.I.N.)
| | - Rasha A. Al-Eisa
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
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Wang C, Luo H, Chen X, Zhang Y, Lu D, Liu X, Yin F, Li S, Kong L, Wang X. Discovery of dual PARP and CDK6 inhibitors for triple-negative breast cancer with wild-type BRCA. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106683. [PMID: 37379778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of PARP is synthetic lethal with defects in BRCA, which provide effective targeted therapy strategy for BRCA mutation type of TNBC patients. However, approximately 80% of TNBC patients do not have BRCA mutations. Recent studies have shown that CDK4/6 inhibitors can increase the sensitivity of wild-type BRCA cells to PARP inhibitors. We designed a series of dual PARP and CDK6 inhibitors, and the most promising compound, P4i, showed good inhibitory activity against PARP1 and CDK6 and good inhibitory effects on MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 1.96 μM), MDA-MB-468 (IC50 = 2.81 μM) and BT-549 (IC50 = 2.37 μM) cells with wild-type BRCA. Compared with Olaparib, the inhibition capacity of the three BRCA wild-type (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and BT-549) cells was about 10-20 times higher, and even better than the combination of Olaparib and Palbociclib. As a novel PARP multifunctional molecule, it is a potential compound for the treatment of BRCA wild-type TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China; Clinical Pharmacology Institute, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinye Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehua Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fucheng Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang D, Chen J, Yang G, Tang P, Yang C, Liu J, Zhang J, Ouyang L. Discovery, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Dual Inhibitors of a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor and Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase for BRCA Wild-Type Breast Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12069-12100. [PMID: 37616488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of breast cancer (BC) with breast cancer susceptibility (BRCA) gene mutation. Leveraging new synthetic lethal interactions may be an effective way to broaden the indication of PARP inhibitors for BC patients with wild-type BRCA. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-mediated suppression of angiogenesis has been reported to improve the sensitivity of wild-type BRCA cells to PARP inhibitors through synthetic lethality. Herein, we reported the conjugation of a PARP inhibitor with a VEGFR inhibitor pharmacophore to construct dual VEGFR and PARP inhibitors. The most potent compound 14b is identified to exert promising activities against VEGFR and PARP in the nanomolar range and possesses significant in vitro and in vivo antitumor and antimetastasis features. It also presented a favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats with an oral bioavailability of 60.1%. Collectively, 14b may be a promising therapeutic agent of BRCA wild-type BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Juncheng Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gaoxia Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pan Tang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengcan Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, China
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10
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Abstract
The bromodomain acts to recognize acetylated lysine in histones and transcription proteins and plays a fundamental role in chromatin-based cellular processes including gene transcription and chromatin remodeling. Many bromodomain proteins, particularly the bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) protein BRD4 have been implicated in cancers and inflammatory disorders and recognized as attractive drug targets. Although clinical studies of many BET bromodomain inhibitors have made substantial progress toward harnessing the therapeutic potential of targeting the bromodomain proteins, the development of this new class of epigenetic drugs is met with challenges, especially on-target dose-limiting toxicity. In this review, we highlight the current development of new-generation small molecule inhibitors for the BET and non-BET bromodomain proteins and discuss the research strategies used to target different bromodomain proteins for a wide array of human diseases including cancers and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Kumar Gajjela
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, United States.
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11
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Rana M, Thakur A, Kaur C, Pan CH, Lee SB, Liou JP, Nepali K. Prudent tactics to sail the boat of PARP inhibitors as therapeutics for diverse malignancies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1169-1193. [PMID: 37525475 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2241818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PARP inhibitors block the DNA-repairing mechanism of PARP and represent a promising class of anti-cancer therapy. The last decade has witnessed FDA approvals of several PARP inhibitors, with some undergoing advanced-stage clinical investigation. Medicinal chemists have invested much effort to expand the structure pool of PARP inhibitors. Issues associated with the use of PARP inhibitors that make their standing disconcerting in the pharmaceutical sector have been addressed via the design of new structural assemblages. AREA COVERED In this review, the authors present a detailed account of the medicinal chemistry campaigns conducted in the recent past for the construction of PARP1/PARP2 inhibitors, PARP1 biased inhibitors, and PARP targeting bifunctional inhibitors as well as PARP targeting degraders (PROTACs). Limitations associated with FDA-approved PARP inhibitors and strategies to outwit the limitations are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The PARP inhibitory field has been rejuvenated with numerous tractable entries in the last decade. With numerous magic bullets in hand coupled with unfolded tactics to outwit the notoriety of cancer cells developing resistance toward PARP inhibitors, the dominance of PARP inhibitors as a sagacious option of targeted therapy is highly likely to be witnessed soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Rana
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical, University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Bau Lee
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical, University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical, University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical, University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Dai J, Battini N, Zang Z, Luo Y, Zhou C. Novel Thiazolylketenyl Quinazolinones as Potential Anti-MRSA Agents and Allosteric Modulator for PBP2a. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104240. [PMID: 37241983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have seriously threatened public health. There is an urgent need to propose an existing regimen to overcome multidrug resistance of MRSA. A unique class of novel anti-MRSA thiazolylketenyl quinazolinones (TQs) and their analogs were developed. Some synthesized compounds showed good bacteriostatic potency. Especially TQ 4 was found to exhibit excellent inhibition against MRSA with a low MIC of 0.5 μg/mL, which was 8-fold more effective than norfloxacin. The combination of TQ 4 with cefdinir showed stronger antibacterial potency. Further investigation revealed that TQ 4, with low hemolytic toxicity and low drug resistance, was not only able to inhibit biofilm formation but also could reduce MRSA metabolic activity and showed good drug-likeness. Mechanistic explorations revealed that TQ 4 could cause leakage of proteins by disrupting membrane integrity and block DNA replication by intercalated DNA. Furthermore, the synergistic antibacterial effect with cefdinir might be attributed to TQ 4 with the ability to induce PBP2a allosteric regulation of MRSA and further trigger the opening of the active site to promote the binding of cefdinir to the active site, thus inhibiting the expression of PBP2a, thereby overcoming MRSA resistance and significantly enhancing the anti-MRSA activity of cefdinir. A new strategy provided by these findings was that TQ 4, possessing both excellent anti-MRSA activity and allosteric effect of PBP2a, merited further development as a novel class of antibacterial agents to overcome increasingly severe MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dai
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Narsaiah Battini
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhonglin Zang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Chenghe Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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13
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Pan Z, Zhao Y, Wang X, Xie X, Liu M, Zhang K, Wang L, Bai D, Foster LJ, Shu R, He G. Targeting bromodomain-containing proteins: research advances of drug discovery. Mol Biomed 2023; 4:13. [PMID: 37142850 PMCID: PMC10159834 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain (BD) is an evolutionarily conserved protein module found in 46 different BD-containing proteins (BCPs). BD acts as a specific reader for acetylated lysine residues (KAc) and serves an essential role in transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, DNA damage repair, and cell proliferation. On the other hand, BCPs have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including cancers, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and viral infections. Over the past decade, researchers have brought new therapeutic strategies to relevant diseases by inhibiting the activity or downregulating the expression of BCPs to interfere with the transcription of pathogenic genes. An increasing number of potent inhibitors and degraders of BCPs have been developed, some of which are already in clinical trials. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in the study of drugs that inhibit or down-regulate BCPs, focusing on the development history, molecular structure, biological activity, interaction with BCPs and therapeutic potentials of these drugs. In addition, we discuss current challenges, issues to be addressed and future research directions for the development of BCPs inhibitors. Lessons learned from the successful or unsuccessful development experiences of these inhibitors or degraders will facilitate the further development of efficient, selective and less toxic inhibitors of BCPs and eventually achieve drug application in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Pan
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatrics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Xie
- College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mingxia Liu
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Kaiyao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatrics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rui Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatrics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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14
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Li H, Chen L, Yao D. Dual-target inhibitors of PARP1 in cancer therapy: a drug discovery perspective. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103607. [PMID: 37146962 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), a key enzyme in DNA repair, has emerged as a promising anticancer druggable target. An increasing number of PARP1 inhibitors have been discovered to treat cancer, most notably those characterized by BRCA1/2 mutations. Although PARP1 inhibitors have achieved great clinical success, their cytotoxicity, development of drug resistance, and restriction of indication have weakened their clinical therapeutic effects. To address these issues, dual PARP1 inhibitors have been documented as a promising strategy. Here, we review recent progress in the development of dual PARP1 inhibitors, summarize the different designs of dual-target inhibitors, and introduce their antitumor pharmacology, shedding light on the discovery of dual PARP1 inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dahong Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
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15
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Fan Y, Luo F, Su M, Li Q, Zhong T, Xiong L, Li M, Yuan M, Wang D. Structure optimization, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 6-(2-amino-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-6-yl)-quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives as potential multi-targeted anticancer agents via Aurora A/ PI3K/BRD4 inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2023; 132:106352. [PMID: 36682147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aurora A (Aurora kinase A), a critical regulator of cell mitosis, is frequently overexpressed in many malignant cancers, and has been considered as a promising drug target for cancer therapy. Likewise, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase alpha (PI3Kα) is also regarded as one of the most important targets in cancer therapy by mediating the cell growth and angiogenesis of various human cancers. In addition, Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) modulates oncogene expressions of Myc, Aurora kinase and various RTKs. Recently, accumulating evidences indicated that hyperactivated or abnormally expressed Aurora A, PI3Kα or BRD4 are closely associated with drug resistance and poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Hence, simultaneous inhibition of Aurora A, PI3Kα, and BRD4 is expected to be a new strategy for NSCLC therapy. In this study, we performed further structure optimization of 6-(2-amino-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-6-yl)-quinazolin-4(3H) -one based on previous study to obtain a series of derivatives for discovering potential Aurora A, PI3Kα and BRD4 multi-targeted inhibitors. MTT assay showed that most of the newly synthesized compounds exhibited an evident anticancer activity against the NSCLC cells. Among them, the IC50 values of the most potent compound 9a were 0.83, 0.26 and 1.02 μM against A549, HCC827 and H1975 cells, respectively. In addition, 9a markedly inhibited the Aurora A and PI3Kα kinase activities with IC50 values of 10.19 nM and 13.12 nM. Compound 9a induced G2/M phase arrests and apoptosis of HCC827 cells by simultaneous inhibition of Aurora A/PI3K/ BRD4 signaling pathways. Collectively, our studies suggested that 9a might be a potential multi-targeted inhibitor for NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Mingzhi Su
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Ting Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Liang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Meitao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Daoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
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16
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Ye J, Wu J, Liu B. Therapeutic strategies of dual-target small molecules to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188866. [PMID: 36842765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite some advances in targeted therapeutics of human cancers, curative cancer treatment still remains a tremendous challenge due to the occurrence of drug resistance. A variety of underlying resistance mechanisms to targeted cancer drugs have recently revealed that the dual-target therapeutic strategy would be an attractive avenue. Compared to drug combination strategies, one agent simultaneously modulating two druggable targets generally shows fewer adverse reactions and lower toxicity. As a consequence, the dual-target small molecule has been extensively explored to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing drug resistance mechanisms of cancer cells, such as enhanced drug efflux, deregulated cell death, DNA damage repair, and epigenetic alterations. Based upon the resistance mechanisms, we further discuss the current therapeutic strategies of dual-target small molecules to overcome drug resistance, which will shed new light on exploiting more intricate mechanisms and relevant dual-target drugs for future cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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17
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Liu J, Chang Z, Chang X, Li J, Glebe U, Jia AQ. Combination of 2-tert-Butyl-1,4-Benzoquinone (TBQ) and ZnO Nanoparticles, a New Strategy To Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors of Chromobacterium violaceum. mSphere 2023; 8:e0059722. [PMID: 36645278 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00597-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant bacteria have been raising serious social problems. Bacterial biofilms and different virulence factors are the main reasons for persistent infections. As a conditioned pathogen, Chromobacterium violaceum has evolved a vast network of regulatory mechanisms to modify and fine-tune biofilm development, contributing to multidrug resistance. However, there are few therapies to combat drug-resistant bacteria. Quorum sensing (QS) inhibitors (QSIs) are a promising strategy to solve antibiotic resistance. Our previous work suggested that 2-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (TBQ) is a potent QSI. In this study, the combination of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and TBQ (ZnO-TBQ) was investigated for the treatment of Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 infection. ZnO-NPs attach to cell walls or biofilms, and the local dissolution of ZnO-NPs can lead to increased Zn2+ concentrations, which could destroy metal homeostasis, corresponding to disturbances in amino acid metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism. ZnO-NPs significantly improved the efficiency of TBQ in inhibiting the QS-related virulence factors and biofilm formation of C. violaceum ATCC 12472. ZnO-TBQ effectively reduces the expression of genes related to QS, which is conducive to limiting the infectivity of C. violaceum ATCC 12472. Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes treated with ZnO-TBQ presented a significant improvement in the survival rate by 46.7%. Overall, the combination of ZnO-NPs and TBQ offers a new strategy to attenuate virulence factors and biofilm formation synergistically in some drug-resistant bacteria. IMPORTANCE The combination of ZnO-NPs and TBQ (ZnO-TBQ) can compete with the inducer N-decanoyl-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL) by binding to CviR and downregulate genes related to the CviI/CviR system to interrupt the QS system of C. violaceum ATCC 12472. The downstream genes responding to cviR were also downregulated so that virulence factors and biofilm formation were inhibited. Furthermore, ZnO-TBQ presents multiple metabolic disturbances in C. violaceum ATCC 12472, which results in the reduced multidrug resistance and pathogenicity of C. violaceum ATCC 12472. In an in vivo assay, C. elegans nematodes treated with ZnO-TBQ presented a significant improvement in the survival rate by 46.7% by limiting the infectivity of C. violaceum ATCC 12472. In addition, ZnO-TBQ inhibited the generation of virulence factors and biofilm formation 2-fold compared to either ZnO-NPs or TBQ alone. The combination of ZnO-NPs with TBQ offers a potent synergistic strategy to reduce multidrug resistance and pathogenicity.
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18
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Zhang J, Gao Y, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Jia W, Xia C, Wang F, Liu T. Multi-therapies Based on PARP Inhibition: Potential Therapeutic Approaches for Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16099-16127. [PMID: 36512711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear enzymes called poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARPs) are known to catalyze the process of PARylation, which plays a vital role in various cellular functions. They have become important targets for the discovery of novel antitumor drugs since their inhibition can induce significant lethality in tumor cells. Therefore, researchers all over the world have been focusing on developing novel and potent PARP inhibitors for cancer therapy. Studies have shown that PARP inhibitors and other antitumor agents, such as EZH2 and EGFR inhibitors, play a synergistic role in cancer cells. The combined inhibition of PARP and the targets with synergistic effects may provide a rational strategy to improve the effectiveness of current anticancer regimens. In this Perspective, we sum up the recent advance of PARP-targeted agents, including single-target inhibitors/degraders and dual-target inhibitors/degraders, discuss the fundamental theory of developing these dual-target agents, and give insight into the corresponding structure-activity relationships of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Yuqi Gao
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China.,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Zipeng Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Wenshuang Jia
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Chengcai Xia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Fugang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
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19
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Lu G, Nie W, Xin M, Meng Y, Gu J, Miao H, Cheng X, Chan AS, Zou Y. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study of novel urea-based benzamide derivatives as potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Dong Y, Ren C, Zhu M, Zhang D, Wang T, Zhang J, Wang J, Mao W, Long F. Targeting FGFRs for tumor therapy: current status and novel strategies. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1923-41. [PMID: 36449352 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The FGF receptors (FGFRs) belong to a family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Abundant evidence shows that FGFRs are closely related to tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis. Hence, targeted modulation of FGFRs has become an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Recently, the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting FGFRs has been extensively studied, and three inhibitors have been approved for marketing. Based on the clinical problems with the current inhibitors, there is a need to develop novel inhibitors and technologies to address the pitfalls. This review summarizes recent advances in small-molecule inhibitors targeting FGFRs, focusing on structure-activity relationships. Moreover, recent progress of novel technologies are summarized to provide a reference for promoting the application of drugs targeting FGFRs in tumor therapy.
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Shi D, Pang Q, Qin Q, Yao X, Yao X, Yu Y. Discovery of novel anti-tumor compounds targeting PARP-1 with induction of autophagy through in silico and in vitro screening. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1026306. [PMID: 36353483 PMCID: PMC9638114 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is a critical enzyme involved in DNA damage repair and recombination, and shows great potential for drug development in the treatment of cancers with defective DNA repair. The anti-tumor activities of PARP-1 inhibitors are regulated by both inhibition activities and allosteric mechanisms of PARP-1, and may also be involved in an autophagy-mediated process. Screening PARP-1 inhibitors with potential allosteric mechanisms and induced autophagy process could achieve elevated potency toward cancer cell killing. In this study, we tried to discover novel anti-tumor compounds targeting PARP-1 by computer simulations and in vitro screening. In order to filter PARP-1 inhibitors that could affect the folding state of the helix domain (HD) on PARP-1, the free energy contribution of key residues on HD were systematically analyzed using the ligand-binding crystal structures and integrated into in silico screening workflow for the selection of 20 pick-up compounds. Four compounds (Chemdiv codes: 8012-0567, 8018-6529, 8018-7168, 8018-7603) were proved with above 40% inhibitory ratio targeting PARP-1 under 20 μM, and further performed binding mode prediction and dynamic effect evaluation by molecular dynamics simulation. Further in vitro assays showed that compounds 8018-6529 and 8018-7168 could inhibit the growth of the human colorectal cancer cell (HCT-116) with IC50 values of 4.30 and 9.29 μM and were accompanied with an induced autophagy process. Taken together, we discover two novel anti-tumor compounds that target PARP-1 with an induced autophagy process and provide potential hit compounds for the anti-cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Shi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yu, ; Danfeng Shi,
| | - Qianqian Pang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyu Qin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yu, ; Danfeng Shi,
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Peng X, Pan W, Jiang F, Chen W, Qi Z, Peng W, Chen J. Selective PARP1 Inhibitors, PARP1-based Dual-Target Inhibitors, PROTAC PARP1 Degraders, and Prodrugs of PARP1 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy. Pharmacol Res 2022; 186:106529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kozyra P, Pitucha M. Terminal Phenoxy Group as a Privileged Moiety of the Drug Scaffold—A Short Review of Most Recent Studies 2013–2022. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168874. [PMID: 36012142 PMCID: PMC9408176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The terminal phenoxy group is a moiety of many drugs in use today. Numerous literature reports indicated its crucial importance for biological activity; thus, it is a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry. This review focuses on the latest achievements in the field of novel potential agents bearing a terminal phenoxy group in 2013–2022. The article provided information on neurological, anticancer, potential lymphoma agent, anti-HIV, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, analgesic, anti-diabetic as well as larvicidal, cholesterol esterase inhibitors, and antithrombotic or agonistic activities towards the adrenergic receptor. Additionally, for selected agents, the Structure–Activity–Relationship (SAR) is also discussed. Thus, this study may help the readers to better understand the nature of the phenoxy group, which will translate into rational drug design and the development of a more efficient drug. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review devoted to an in-depth analysis of the various activities of compounds bearing terminal phenoxy moiety.
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Colarusso E, Gazzillo E, Boccia E, Giordano A, Chini MG, Bifulco G, Lauro G. 6‐Methylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one Based Compounds as BRD9 Epigenetic Reader Binders: A Rational Combination of in silico Studies and Chemical Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ester Colarusso
- University of Salerno: Universita degli Studi di Salerno Department of Pharmacy ITALY
| | - Erica Gazzillo
- University of Salerno: Universita degli Studi di Salerno Department of Pharmacy ITALY
| | - Eleonora Boccia
- University of Salerno: Universita degli Studi di Salerno Department of Pharmacy ITALY
| | - Assunta Giordano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB) ITALY
| | - Maria Giovanna Chini
- University of Molise: Universita degli Studi del Molise Department of Biosciences and Territory ITALY
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- University of Salerno Farmacia Via Giovanni Paolo II 132Faculty of Pharmacy 84084 Fisciano SA ITALY
| | - Gianluigi Lauro
- University of Salerno: Universita degli Studi di Salerno Department of Pharmacy ITALY
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Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) plays an important role in a variety of cellular functions, including the regulation of mitosis, DNA replication, autophagy, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). PLK1 overexpression is often associated with cell proliferation and poor prognosis in cancer patients, making it a promising antitumor target. To date, at least 10 PLK1 inhibitors (PLK1i) have been entered into clinical trials, among which the typical kinase domain (KD) inhibitor BI 6727 (volasertib) was granted "breakthrough therapy designation" by the FDA in 2013. Unfortunately, many other KD inhibitors showed poor specificity, resulting in dose-limiting toxicity, which has greatly impeded their development. Researchers recently discovered many PLK1i with higher selectivity, stronger potency, and better absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) characteristics. In this review, we emphasize the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of PLK1i, providing insights into new drugs targeting PLK1 for antitumor clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifa Zhang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Lei P, Zhang J, Liao P, Ren C, Wang J, Wang Y. Current progress and novel strategies that target CDK12 for drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114603. [PMID: 35868123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CDK12 is a cyclin-dependent kinase that plays critical roles in DNA replication, transcription, mRNA splicing, and DNA damage repair. CDK12 genomic changes, including mutation, amplification, deletion, and fusion, lead to various cancers, such as colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and ovarian cancer. An increasing number of CDK12 inhibitors have been reported since CDK12 was identified as a biomarker and cancer therapeutic target. A major challenge lies in that CDK12 and CDK13 share highly similar sequences, which leads to great difficulties in the development of highly selective CDK12 inhibitors. In recent years, great efforts were made in developing selective CDK12 blockers. Techniques including PROTAC and molecular glue degraders were also applied to facilitate their development. Also, the drug combination strategy of CDK12 small molecule inhibitors were studied. This review discusses the latest studies on CDK12 inhibitors and analyzes their structure-activity relationships, shedding light on their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lei
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiyu Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Zhang J, Yang C, Tang P, Chen J, Zhang D, Li Y, Yang G, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Ouyang L. Discovery of 4-Hydroxyquinazoline Derivatives as Small Molecular BET/PARP1 Inhibitors That Induce Defective Homologous Recombination and Lead to Synthetic Lethality for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6803-6825. [PMID: 35442700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The effective potency and resistance of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors limit their application. Here, we exploit a new paradigm that mimics the effects of breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA) mutations to trigger the possibility of synthetic lethality, based on the previous discovery of a potential synthetic lethality effect between bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and PARP1. Consequently, the present study describes compound BP44 with high selectivity for BRD4 and PARP1. Fortunately, BP44 inhibits the homologous recombination in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and triggers synthetic lethality, thus leading to cell cycle arrest and DNA damage. In conclusion, we optimized the BRD4-PARP1 inhibitor based on previous studies, and we expect it to become a candidate drug for the treatment of TNBC in the future. This strategy aims to expand the use of PARPi in BRCA-competent TNBC, making an innovative approach to address unmet oncology needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Chengcan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Pan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Juncheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Gaoxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,China
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Zhang MF, Luo XY, Zhang C, Wang C, Wu XS, Xiang QP, Xu Y, Zhang Y. Design, synthesis and pharmacological characterization of N-(3-ethylbenzo[d]isoxazol-5-yl) sulfonamide derivatives as BRD4 inhibitors against acute myeloid leukemia. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022. [PMID: 35264812 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BRD4 plays a key role in the regulation of gene transcription and has been identified as an attractive target for cancer treatment. In this study, we designed 26 new compounds by modifying 3-ethyl-benzo[d]isoxazole core with sulfonamides. Most compounds exhibited potent BRD4 binding activities with ΔTm values exceeding 6 °C. Two crystal structures of 11h and 11r in complex with BRD4(1) were obtained to characterize the binding patterns. Compounds 11h and 11r were effective for BRD4(1) binding and showed remarkable anti-proliferative activity against MV4-11 cells with IC50 values of 0.78 and 0.87 μM. Furthermore, 11r (0.5−10 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited the expression levels of oncogenes including c-Myc and CDK6 in MV4-11 cells. Moreover, 11r (0.5−10 μM) concentration-dependently blocked cell cycle in MV4-11 cells at G0/G1 phase and induced cell apoptosis. Compound 11r may serve as a new lead compound for further drug development.
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Ge J, Yin Y, Li Y, Deng Y, Fu H. Dual-target inhibitors based on PARP1: new trend in the development of anticancer research. Future Med Chem 2022. [PMID: 35257598 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP1 is a hot target, and its inhibitors have been approved for cancer therapy. However, some undesirable properties restrict the application of PARP1 inhibitors, including drug resistance, side effects and low efficiency. For multifactorial diseases, dual-target drugs have exhibited excellent synergistic effects, such as reduced drug resistance, low side effects and high therapeutic efficacy, by simultaneously regulating the main pathogenic and compensatory signal pathways of diseases. In recent years, several dual-target inhibitors based on PARP1 have been reported and have demonstrated unique advantages. In this review we summarize the research progress in dual-target inhibitors based on PARP1 and discuss the related drug design strategies and structure-activity relationships. This work is expected to provide references for the development of PARP1 inhibitors.
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Heitmeir B, Deniz M, Janni W, Rack B, Schochter F, Wiesmüller L. Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer Patients: A Balancing Act between Stemness, EMT Features and DNA Damage Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:997. [PMID: 35205744 PMCID: PMC8869884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) traverse vessels to travel from the primary tumor to distant organs where they adhere, transmigrate, and seed metastases. To cope with these challenges, CTCs have reached maximal flexibility to change their differentiation status, morphology, migratory capacity, and their responses to genotoxic stress caused by metabolic changes, hormones, the inflammatory environment, or cytostatic treatment. A significant percentage of breast cancer cells are defective in homologous recombination repair and other mechanisms that protect the integrity of the replication fork. To prevent cell death caused by broken forks, alternative, mutagenic repair, and bypass pathways are engaged but these increase genomic instability. CTCs, arising from such breast tumors, are endowed with an even larger toolbox of escape mechanisms that can be switched on and off at different stages during their journey according to the stress stimulus. Accumulating evidence suggests that DNA damage responses, DNA repair, and replication are integral parts of a regulatory network orchestrating the plasticity of stemness features and transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal states in CTCs. This review summarizes the published information on these regulatory circuits of relevance for the design of biomarkers reflecting CTC functions in real-time to monitor therapeutic responses and detect evolving chemoresistance mechanisms.
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Hu X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Jiao F, Wang J, Chen H, Ouyang L, Wang Y. Dual-target inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 for cancer therapy: Advances, challenges, and opportunities. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114094. [PMID: 34998039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PARP1 plays a crucial role in DNA damage repair, making it an essential target for cancer therapy. PARP1 inhibitors are widely used to treat BRCA-deficient malignancies, and six PARP inhibitors have been approved for clinical use. However, excluding the great clinical success of PARP inhibitors, the concomitant toxicity, drug resistance, and limited scope of application restrict their clinical efficacy. To find solutions to these problems, dual-target inhibitors have shown great potential. In recent years, several studies have linked PAPR1 to other primary cancer targets. Many dual-target inhibitors have been developed using structural fusion, linkage, or library construction methods, overcoming the defects of many single-target inhibitors of PARP1 and achieving great success in clinical cancer therapy. This review summarizes the advance of dual-target PARP1 inhibitors in recent years, focusing on their structural optimization process, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and in vitro or in vivo analysis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Hu
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Fulun Jiao
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Huang S, Cao R, Lin Q, Wu S, Gao L, Sun Q, Zhu Q, Zou Y, Xu Y, Wang S. Design, synthesis and mechanism studies of novel dual PARP1/BRD4 inhibitors against pancreatic cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang R, Ma R, Fu Q, Chen J, Ma Y. I 2 /PhNO 2 Mediated Synthesis of Quinazolin-4(3 H)-ones by C(CO)—C Bond Oxidative Cleavage of Acetophenones and Amination with 2-Aminobenzamides. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202109014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang J, Tang P, Zou L, Zhang J, Chen J, Yang C, He G, Liu B, Liu J, Chiang CM, Wang G, Ye T, Ouyang L. Discovery of Novel Dual-Target Inhibitor of Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4/Casein Kinase 2 Inducing Apoptosis and Autophagy-Associated Cell Death for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:18025-18053. [PMID: 34908415 PMCID: PMC10118286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is an attractive epigenetic target in human cancers. Inhibiting the phosphorylation of BRD4 by casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a potential strategy to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. The present study describes the synthesis of multiple BRD4-CK2 dual inhibitors based on rational drug design, structure-activity relationship, and in vitro and in vivo evaluations, and 44e was identified to possess potent and balanced activities against BRD4 (IC50 = 180 nM) and CK2 (IC50 = 230 nM). In vitro experiments show that 44e could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis and autophagy-associated cell death of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. In two in vivo xenograft mouse models, 44e displays potent anticancer activity without obvious toxicities. Taken together, we successfully synthesized the first highly effective BRD4-CK2 dual inhibitor, which is expected to be an attractive therapeutic strategy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Juncheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Chengcan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
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35
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Wang SP, Li Y, Huang SH, Wu SQ, Gao LL, Sun Q, Lin QW, Huang L, Meng LQ, Zou Y, Zhu QH, Xu YG. Discovery of Potent and Novel Dual PARP/BRD4 Inhibitors for Efficient Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17413-17435. [PMID: 34813314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase1/2 (PARP1/2) is a promising strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer with breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) mutation. Inducing the deficiency of homologous recombination (HR) repair is an effective way to broaden the indication of PARP1/2 inhibitor for more patients with pancreatic cancer. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) repression has been reported to elevate HR deficiency. Therefore, we designed, synthetized, and optimized a dual PARP/BRD4 inhibitor III-16, with a completely new structure and high selectivity against PARP1/2 and BRD4. III-16 showed favorable synergistic antitumor efficacy in pancreatic cancer cells and xenografts by arresting cell cycle progression, inhibiting DNA damage repair, and promoting autophagy-associated cell death. Moreover, III-16 reversed Olaparib-induced acceleration of cell cycle progression and recovery of DNA repair. The advantages of III-16 over Olaparib suggest that dual PARP/BRD4 inhibitors are novel and promising agents for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shi-Hui Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shi-Qi Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling-Li Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qian-Wen Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liu-Qiong Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi-Hua Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yun-Gen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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36
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Feng L, Wang G, Chen Y, He G, Liu B, Liu J, Chiang CM, Ouyang L. Dual-target inhibitors of bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins in cancer: A review from medicinal chemistry perspectives. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:710-743. [PMID: 34633088 DOI: 10.1002/med.21859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), as the most studied member of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family, is a chromatin reader protein interpreting epigenetic codes through binding to acetylated histones and non-histone proteins, thereby regulating diverse cellular processes including cell cycle, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. As a promising drug target, BRD4 function is closely related to cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and liver fibrosis. Currently, clinical resistance to BET inhibitors has limited their applications but synergistic antitumor effects have been observed when used in combination with other tumor inhibitors targeting additional cellular components such as PLK1, HDAC, CDK, and PARP1. Therefore, designing dual-target inhibitors of BET bromodomains is a rational strategy in cancer treatment to increase potency and reduce drug resistance. This review summarizes the protein structures and biological functions of BRD4 and discusses recent advances of dual BET inhibitors from a medicinal chemistry perspective. We also discuss the current design and discovery strategies for dual BET inhibitors, providing insight into potential discovery of additional dual-target BET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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37
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Li Y, Yang G, Zhang J, Tang P, Yang C, Wang G, Chen J, Liu J, Zhang L, Ouyang L. Discovery, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Highly Selective Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 (VEGFR3) Inhibitor for the Potential Treatment of Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12022-12048. [PMID: 34351741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the identification, structural optimization, and structure-activity relationship of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as a novel kind of selective vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) inhibitors. N-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-(6-(4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxamide (38k) was the most potent VEGFR3 inhibitor (IC50 = 110.4 nM) among developed compounds. Compared with VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, VEGFR3 was approximately 100 times more selective. Here, compound 38k significantly inhibited proliferation and migration of VEGF-C-induced human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLEC), MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-436 cells by inactivating the VEGFR3 signaling pathway. Additionally, 38k induced cell apoptosis and a prolonged G1/S-phase in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436 cells. It also presented acceptable pharmacokinetic characteristics in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with an oral bioavailability of 30.9%. In the xenograft model in vivo, 38k effectively inhibited breast cancer growth by suppressing the VEGFR3 signaling pathway. 38k pronouncedly resisted the formation of pulmonary metastatic nodules in mice. Collectively, 38k may be a promising therapeutic agent of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Gaoxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengcan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Juncheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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38
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Jin W, Tan H, Wu J, He G, Liu B. Dual-target inhibitors of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) in cancer therapy: Current situation and future directions. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:246-256. [PMID: 34438075 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is emerging as a therapeutic target that acts synergistically with other targets of small-molecule drugs in cancer. Therefore, the discovery of potential new dual-target inhibitors of BRD4 may be a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In this review, we highlight a series of strategies to design therapeutic dual-target inhibitors of BRD4 that focus on the synergistic functions of this protein. Drug combinations that exploit synthetic lethality, protein-protein interactions, functional complementarity, and blocking of resistance mechanisms could ultimately overcome the barriers inherent to the development of BRD4 inhibitors as future cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huidan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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39
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Shuai W, Wang G, Zhang Y, Bu F, Zhang S, Miller DD, Li W, Ouyang L, Wang Y. Recent Progress on Tubulin Inhibitors with Dual Targeting Capabilities for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7963-7990. [PMID: 34101463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules play a crucial role in multiple cellular functions including mitosis, cell signaling, and organelle trafficking, which makes the microtubule an important target for cancer therapy. Despite the great successes of microtubule-targeting agents in the clinic, the development of drug resistance and dose-limiting toxicity restrict their clinical efficacy. In recent years, multitarget therapy has been considered an effective strategy to achieve higher therapeutic efficacy, in particular dual-target drugs. In terms of the synergetic effect of tubulin and other antitumor agents such as receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitors, histone deacetylases inhibitors, DNA-damaging agents, and topoisomerase inhibitors in combination therapy, designing dual-target tubulin inhibitors is regarded as a promising approach to overcome these limitations and improve therapeutic efficacy. In this Perspective, we discussed rational target combinations, design strategies, structure-activity relationships, and future directions of dual-target tubulin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Faqian Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Sicheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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40
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Lei JH, Ma LL, Xian JH, Chen H, Zhou JJ, Chen H, Lei Q, Li YY, Wang YY, Wang YX. Structural insights into targeting of the colchicine binding site by ELR510444 and parbendazole to achieve rational drug design. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18938-18944. [PMID: 35478655 PMCID: PMC9033620 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01173a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules consisting of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers have proven to be an efficient drug target for cancer therapy. A broad range of agents, including ELR510444 and parbendazole, can bind to tubulin and interfere with microtubule assembly. ELR510444 and parbendazole are colchicine binding site inhibitors with antiproliferative activities. However, the lack of structural information on the tubulin–ELR510444/parbendazole complex has hindered the design and development of more potent drugs with similar scaffolds. Therefore, we report the crystal structures of tubulin complexed with ELR510444 at a resolution of 3.1 Å and with parbendazole at 2.4 Å. The structure of these complexes revealed the intermolecular interactions between the two colchicine binding site inhibitors and tubulin, thus providing a rationale for the development of novel benzsulfamide and benzimidazole derivatives targeting the colchicine binding site. Crystal structures of tubulin complexed with ELR510444 and parbendazole facilitate the design of novel colchicine binding site inhibitors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Lei
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Ma
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Jing-Hong Xian
- Department of Clinical Research, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Hai Chen
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | | | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee 38163 USA
| | - Qian Lei
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Yan Li
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 P. R. China .,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Wang
- West China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, School of Nursing, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xi Wang
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 P. R. China .,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 P. R. China
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Xu T, Zhang J, Yang C, Pluta R, Wang G, Ye T, Ouyang L. Identification and optimization of 3-bromo-N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-methylbenzohydrazide derivatives as mTOR inhibitors that induce autophagic cell death and apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113424. [PMID: 33862514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a worse prognosis than other types of breast cancer due to its special biological behavior and clinicopathological characteristics. TNBC cell proliferation and progression to metastasis can be suppressed by inducing cytostatic autophagy. mTOR is closely related to autophagy and is involved in protein synthesis, nutrient metabolism and activating mTOR promotes tumor growth and metastasis. In this paper, we adopted the strategy of structure simplification, aimed to look for novel small-molecule inhibitors of mTOR by pharmacophore-based virtual screening and biological activity determination. We found a lead compound with 3-bromo-N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-methylbenzohydrazide for rational drug design and structural modification, then studied its structure-activity relationship. After that, compound 7c with the best TNBC cells inhibitory activities and superior mTOR enzyme inhibitory activity was obtained. In addition, we found that compound 7c could induce autophagic cell death and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines. In conclusion, these findings provide new clues for our 3-bromo-N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-methylbenzohydrazide derivatives, which are expected to become drug candidates for the treatment of TNBC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengcan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Tinghong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Sanz-Álvarez M, Cristóbal I, Luque M, Santos A, Zazo S, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Caramés C, Chiang CM, García-Foncillas J, Eroles P, Albanell J, Rojo F. Expression of Phosphorylated BRD4 Is Markedly Associated with the Activation Status of the PP2A Pathway and Shows a Strong Prognostic Value in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1246. [PMID: 33809005 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The use of BRD4 inhibitors has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach in a wide variety of tumors including the triple negative breast cancer. Moreover, PP2A has been proposed as the phosphatase involved in regulating BRD4 phosphorylation and stabilization. Our aim was to evaluate for the first time the clinical impact of BRD4 phosphorylation in triple negative breast cancer patients and as well as its potential linking with the PP2A activation status in this disease. Our findings are special relevant since they suggest the prognostic value of BRD4 phosphorylation levels, and the potential clinical usefulness of PP2A inhibition markers to anticipate response to BRD4 inhibitors. Abstract The bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), a member of the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) protein family, has emerged in the last years as a promising molecular target in many tumors including breast cancer. The triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the molecular subtype with the worst prognosis and a current therapeutic challenge, and TNBC cells have been reported to show a preferential sensitivity to BET inhibitors. Interestingly, BRD4 phosphorylation (pBRD4) was found as an alteration that confers resistance to BET inhibition and PP2A proposed as the phosphatase responsible to regulate pBRD4 levels. However, the potential clinical significance of pBRD4, as well as its potential correlation with the PP2A pathway in TNBC, remains to be investigated. Here, we evaluated the expression levels of pBRD4 in a series of 132 TNBC patients. We found high pBRD4 levels in 34.1% of cases (45/132), and this alteration was found to be associated with the development of patient recurrences (p = 0.007). Interestingly, BRD4 hyperphosphorylation predicted significantly shorter overall (p < 0.001) and event-free survival (p < 0.001). Moreover, multivariate analyses were performed to confirm its independent prognostic impact in our cohort. In conclusion, our findings show that BRD4 hyperphosphorylation is an alteration associated with PP2A inhibition that defines a subgroup of TNBC patients with unfavorable prognosis, suggesting the potential clinical and therapeutic usefulness of the PP2A/BRD4 axis as a novel molecular target to overcome resistance to treatments based on BRD4 inhibition.
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Tang P, Zhang J, Liu J, Chiang CM, Ouyang L. Targeting Bromodomain and Extraterminal Proteins for Drug Discovery: From Current Progress to Technological Development. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2419-2435. [PMID: 33616410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins bind acetylated lysine residues in histones and nonhistone proteins via tandem bromodomains and regulate chromatin dynamics, cellular processes, and disease procession. Thus targeting BET proteins is a promising strategy for treating various diseases, especially malignant tumors and chronic inflammation. Many pan-BET small-molecule inhibitors have been described, and some of them are in clinical evaluation. Nevertheless, the limited clinical efficacy of the current BET inhibitors is also evident and has inspired the development of new technologies to improve their clinical outcomes and minimize unwanted side effects. In this Review, we summarize the latest protein characteristics and biological functions of BRD4 as an example of BET proteins, analyze the clinical development status and preclinical resistance mechanisms, and discuss recent advances in BRD4-selective inhibitors, dual-target BET inhibitors, proteolysis targeting chimera degraders, and protein-protein interaction inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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