1
|
Sharma S, Rana R, Prakash P, Ganguly NK. Drug target therapy and emerging clinical relevance of exosomes in meningeal tumors. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:127-170. [PMID: 37016182 PMCID: PMC10072821 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Meningioma is the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumor. In recent decades, several efforts have been made to eradicate this disease. Surgery and radiotherapy remain the standard treatment options for these tumors. Drug therapy comes to play its role when both surgery and radiotherapy fail to treat the tumor. This mostly happens when the tumors are close to vital brain structures and are nonbenign. Although a wide variety of chemotherapeutic drugs and molecular targeted drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, alkylating agents, endocrine drugs, interferon, and targeted molecular pathway inhibitors have been studied, the roles of numerous drugs remain unexplored. Recent interest is growing toward studying and engineering exosomes for the treatment of different types of cancer including meningioma. The latest studies have shown the involvement of exosomes in the theragnostic of various cancers such as the lung and pancreas in the form of biomarkers, drug delivery vehicles, and vaccines. Proper attention to this new emerging technology can be a boon in finding the consistent treatment of meningioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060 India
| | - Rashmi Rana
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060 India
| | - Prem Prakash
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062 India
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bello-Alvarez C, Zamora-Sánchez CJ, Peña-Gutiérrez KM, Camacho-Arroyo I. Progesterone and its metabolite allopregnanolone promote invasion of human glioblastoma cells through metalloproteinase‑9 and cSrc kinase. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:223. [PMID: 37153033 PMCID: PMC10157356 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most aggressive and common primary brain tumors in adults. Glioblastoma cells have a great capacity to migrate and invade the brain parenchyma, often reaching the contralateral hemisphere. Progesterone (P4) and its metabolite, allopregnanolone (3α-THP), promote the migration and invasion of human glioblastoma-derived cells. P4 induces migration in glioblastoma cells by the activation of the proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (cSrc) and focal adhesion kinase (Fak). In breast cancer cells, cSrc and Fak promote invasion by increasing the expression and activation of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, the mechanism of action by which P4 and 3a-THP promote invasion in glioblastoma cells remains unclear. The effects of P4 and 3α-THP on the protein expression levels of MMP-2 and -9 and the participation of cSrc in progestin effects in U251 and U87 human glioblastoma-derived cells were evaluated. It was determined by western blotting that the P4 increased the protein expression level of MMP-9 in U251 and U87 cells, and 3α-THP increased the protein expression level of MMP-9 in U87 cells. None of these progestins modified MMP-2 protein expression levels. The increase in MMP-9 expression was reduced when the intracellular progesterone receptor and cSrc expression were blocked with small interfering RNAs. Cell invasion induced by P4 and 3α-THP was also blocked by inhibiting cSrc activity with PP2 or by cSrc gene silencing. These results suggest that P4 and its metabolite 3α-THP induce the invasion of glioblastoma cells by increasing MMP-9 expression through the cSrc kinase family. The results of this study provide information of interest in the context of targeted therapies against molecular pathways involved in glioblastoma invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bello-Alvarez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Carmen J. Zamora-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Karla M. Peña-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence to: Dr Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo, Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Avenue Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou Y, Xiao X, Peng C, Song D, Ouyang F, Wang L. Progesterone induces glioblastoma cell apoptosis by coactivating extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Mol Cell Toxicol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00327-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
4
|
Ashwini K, Shilpa S. Shetty, Ananthan Raghotham, Suchetha Kumari N., Praveen Kumar Shetty. Sex hormone receptors and glioblastoma. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2022. [DOI: 10.51248/.v42i4.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the primary brain tumor of the central nervous system which is most common and the most aggressive of all other types of tumors. Current therapy for GBM involves surgical removal (excision) of the tumor followed by radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant therapy with temozolomide. Despite the improvement in therapy for GBM, survival of the patients remains poor, only up to 1 year. Treatment for GBM is limited due to the presence of blood brain barrier which prevents the entry of molecules with molecular weight >500 Dalton. Various gene mutations or over expressions lead to GBM growth. Evidence from the earlier reports suggest that epidermal growth factor receptor is overexpressed in 60% of GBM. Interestingly, recent studies have suggested the involvement of sex hormones in the development and progression of GBM though the underlying mechanism of action of these hormones is poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the role of sex hormones and their receptors, a contributing factor in the development of GBM
Collapse
|
5
|
Zamora-sánchez CJ, Bello-alvarez C, Rodríguez-dorantes M, Camacho-arroyo I. Allopregnanolone Promotes Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells through the Protein Tyrosine Kinase c-Src Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4996. [PMID: 35563388 PMCID: PMC9105169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBs) are the most aggressive and common primary malignant brain tumors. Steroid hormone progesterone (P4) and its neuroactive metabolites, such as allopregnanolone (3α-THP) are synthesized by neural, glial, and malignant GB cells. P4 promotes cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion of human GB cells at physiological concentrations. It has been reported that 3α-THP promotes GB cell proliferation. Here we investigated the effects of 3α-THP on GB cell migration and invasion, the participation of the enzymes involved in its metabolism (AKR1C1-4), and the role of the c-Src kinase in 3α-THP effects in GBs. 3α-THP 100 nM promoted migration and invasion of U251, U87, and LN229 human-derived GB cell lines. We observed that U251, LN229, and T98G cell lines exhibited a higher protein content of AKR1C1-4 than normal human astrocytes. AKR1C1-4 silencing did not modify 3α-THP effects on migration and invasion. 3α-THP activated c-Src protein at 10 min (U251 cells) and 15 min (U87 and LN229 cells). Interestingly, the pharmacological inhibition of c-Src decreases the promoting effects of 3α-THP on cell migration and invasion. Together, these data indicate that 3α-THP promotes GB migration and invasion through c-Src activation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bello-Alvarez C, Camacho-Arroyo I. Impact of sex in the prevalence and progression of glioblastomas: the role of gonadal steroid hormones. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:28. [PMID: 33752729 PMCID: PMC7986260 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As in other types of cancers, sex is an essential factor in the origin and progression of glioblastomas. Research in the field of endocrinology and cancer suggests that gonadal steroid hormones play an important role in the progression and prevalence of glioblastomas. In the present review, we aim to discuss the actions and mechanism triggered by gonadal steroid hormones in glioblastomas. MAIN BODY Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. According to the epidemiological data, glioblastomas are more frequent in men than in women in a 1.6/1 proportion both in children and adults. This evidence, and the knowledge about sex influence over the prevalence of countless diseases, suggest that male gonadal steroid hormones, such as testosterone, promote glioblastomas growth. In contrast, a protective role of female gonadal steroid hormones (estradiol and progesterone) against glioblastomas has been questioned. Several pieces of evidence demonstrate a variety of effects induced by female and male gonadal steroid hormones in glioblastomas. Several studies indicate that pregnancy, a physiological state with the highest progesterone and estradiol levels, accelerates the progression of low-grade astrocytomas to glioblastomas and increases the symptoms associated with these tumors. In vitro studies have demonstrated that progesterone has a dual role in glioblastoma cells: physiological concentrations promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while very high doses (out physiological range) reduce cell proliferation and increases cell death. CONCLUSION Gonadal steroid hormones can stimulate the progression of glioblastomas through the increase in proliferation, migration, and invasion. However, the effects mentioned above depend on the concentrations of these hormones and the receptor involved in hormone actions. Estradiol and progesterone can exert promoter or protective effects while the role of testosterone has been always associated to glioblastomas progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bello-Alvarez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Llaguno-Munive M, Vazquez-Lopez MI, Jurado R, Garcia-Lopez P. Mifepristone Repurposing in Treatment of High-Grade Gliomas. Front Oncol 2021; 11:606907. [PMID: 33680961 PMCID: PMC7930566 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.606907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system. The standard treatment for malignant gliomas is surgery followed by chemoradiotherapy. Unfortunately, this treatment has not produced an adequate patient response, resulting in a median survival time of 12–15 months and a 5-year overall survival of <5%. Although new strategies have been sought to enhance patient response, no significant increase in the global survival of glioma patients has been achieved. The option of developing new drugs implies a long and costly process, making drug repurposing a more practical alternative for improving glioma treatment. In the last few years, researchers seeking more effective cancer therapy have pursued the possibility of using anti-hormonal agents, such as mifepristone. The latter drug, an antagonist for progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors, has several attractive features: anti-tumor activity, low cytotoxicity to healthy cells, and modulation of the chemosensitivity of several cancer cell lines in vitro. Hence, the addition of mifepristone to temozolomide-based glioblastoma chemotherapy may lead to a better patient response. The mechanisms by which mifepristone enhances glioma treatment are not yet known. The current review aims to discuss the potential role of mifepristone as an adjuvant drug for the treatment of high-grade gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Llaguno-Munive
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Ines Vazquez-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Jurado
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Garcia-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bello-Alvarez C, Moral-Morales AD, González-Arenas A, Camacho-Arroyo I. Intracellular Progesterone Receptor and cSrc Protein Working Together to Regulate the Activity of Proteins Involved in Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:640298. [PMID: 33841333 PMCID: PMC8032993 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.640298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors in adults, and patients with glioblastoma have a median survival of 15 months. Some alternative therapies, such as Src family kinase inhibitors, have failed presumably because other signaling pathways compensate for their effects. In the last ten years, it has been proven that sex hormones such as progesterone (P4) can induce growth, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells through its intracellular progesterone receptor (PR), which is mostly known for its role as a transcription factor, but it can also induce non-genomic actions. These non-classic actions are, in part, a consequence of its interaction with cSrc, which plays a significant role in the progression of glioblastomas. We studied the relation between PR and cSrc, and its effects in human glioblastoma cells. Our results showed that P4 and R5020 (specific PR agonist) activated cSrc protein since both progestins increased the p-cSrc (Y416)/cSrc ratio in U251 and U87 human glioblastoma derived cell lines. When siRNA against the PR gene was used, the activation of cSrc by P4 was abolished. The co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that cSrc and PR interact in U251 cells. P4 treatment also promoted the increase in the p-Fak (Y397) (Y576/577)/Fak and the decrease in p-Paxillin (Y118)/Paxillin ratio, which are significant components of the focal adhesion complex and essential for migration and invasion processes. A siRNA against cSrc gene blocked the increase in the p-Fak (Y576/Y577)/Fak ratio and the migration induced by P4, but not the decrease in p-Paxillin (Y118)/Paxillin ratio. We analyzed the potential role of cSrc over PR phosphorylation in three databases, and one putative tyrosine residue in the amino acid 87 of PR was found. Our results showed that P4 induces the activation of cSrc protein through its PR. The latter and cSrc could interact in a bidirectional mode for regulating the activity of proteins involved in migration and invasion of glioblastomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bello-Alvarez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Aylin Del Moral-Morales
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Aliesha González-Arenas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hirtz A, Rech F, Dubois-Pot-Schneider H, Dumond H. Astrocytoma: A Hormone-Sensitive Tumor? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9114. [PMID: 33266110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytomas and, in particular, their most severe form, glioblastoma, are the most aggressive primary brain tumors and those with the poorest vital prognosis. Standard treatment only slightly improves patient survival. Therefore, new therapies are needed. Very few risk factors have been clearly identified but many epidemiological studies have reported a higher incidence in men than women with a sex ratio of 1:4. Based on these observations, it has been proposed that the neurosteroids and especially the estrogens found in higher concentrations in women's brains could, in part, explain this difference. Estrogens can bind to nuclear or membrane receptors and potentially stimulate many different interconnected signaling pathways. The study of these receptors is even more complex since many isoforms are produced from each estrogen receptor encoding gene through alternative promoter usage or splicing, with each of them potentially having a specific role in the cell. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent data supporting the involvement of steroids during gliomagenesis and to focus on the potential neuroprotective role as well as the mechanisms of action of estrogens in gliomas.
Collapse
|
10
|
Del Moral-Morales A, González-Orozco JC, Capetillo-Velázquez JM, Piña-Medina AG, Camacho-Arroyo I. The Role of mPRδ and mPRε in Human Glioblastoma Cells: Expression, Hormonal Regulation, and Possible Clinical Outcome. Discov Oncol 2020; 11:117-27. [PMID: 32077034 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-020-00381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most frequent and aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system. In recent years, it has been proposed that sex hormones such as progesterone play an essential role in GBM biology. Membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) are a group of G protein-coupled receptors with a wide distribution and multiple functions in the organism. There are five mPRs subtypes described in humans: mPRα, mPRβ, mPRγ, mPRδ, and mPRε. It has been reported that human-derived GBM cells express the mPRα, mPRβ, and mPRγ subtypes, and that progesterone promotes GBM progression in part by mPRα specific activation; however, it is still unknown if mPRδ and mPRε are also expressed in this type of tumor cells. In this study, we characterized the expression and hormonal regulation of mPRδ and mPRε in human GBM cells. We also analyzed a set of biopsies from TCGA. We found that the expression of these receptors is dependent on the tumor's grade and that mPRδ expression is directly correlated to patients' survival while the opposite is observed for mPRε. By RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence, the expression of mPRδ and mPRε was detected for the first time in human GBM cells. An in silico analysis showed possible progesterone response elements in the promoter regions of mPRδ and mPRε, and progesterone treatments downregulated the expression of these receptors. Our results suggest that mPRδ and mPRε are expressed in human GBM cells and that they are relevant to GBM biology.
Collapse
|
11
|
González-Arenas A, De la Fuente-Granada M, Camacho-Arroyo I, Zamora-Sánchez CJ, Piña-Medina AG, Segura-Uribe J, Guerra-Araiza C. Tibolone Effects on Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:187-96. [PMID: 31499479 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian steroid hormones are involved in modulating the growth of glioblastomas (the most common, aggressive, and lethal brain tumor) through the interaction with their intracellular receptors. Activation of sex hormone receptors is involved in glioblastomas progression. Tibolone (TIB) is a selective tissue estrogenic activity regulator widely prescribed to treat menopausal symptoms and to prevent bone lost. The effects of TIB on the growth of glioblastoma are unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effects of TIB on cell number, migration, and invasion of two derived human glioblastoma cell lines (U251 MG and U87), as well as the role of this steroid in estrogen and progesterone receptors activity and content. METHODS U251-MG and U87 human glioblastoma cell lines were grown with different doses of TIB. The number of cells was determined and migration and invasion tests were carried out. Protein expression was performed by Western blot. RESULTS We observed that TIB (10 nM) increased the number of cells by inducing proliferation with no effects on cell migration or invasion. The increase in cell proliferation induced by TIB was blocked by estrogen (ERs) or progesterone receptor (PRs) antagonists, ICI 182, 780 and RU 486, suggesting that these receptors mediate proliferating actions of TIB; TIB also modified the content of ERs and PRs by increasing ER-α, ER-β, and PR-B, while decreased PR-A. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TIB increases cell number and proliferation of human glioblastoma cells through the regulation of ERs and PRs actions and content.
Collapse
|
12
|
González-Orozco JC, Camacho-Arroyo I. Progesterone Actions During Central Nervous System Development. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:503. [PMID: 31156378 PMCID: PMC6533804 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although progesterone is a steroid hormone mainly associated with female reproductive functions, such as uterine receptivity and maintenance of pregnancy, accumulating data have shown its physiological actions to extend to several non-reproductive functions in the central nervous system (CNS) both in males and females. In fact, progesterone is de novo synthesized in specific brain regions by neurons and glial cells and is involved in the regulation of various molecular and cellular processes underlying myelination, neuroprotection, neuromodulation, learning and memory, and mood. Furthermore, progesterone has been reported to be implicated in critical developmental events, such as cell differentiation and neural circuits formation. This view is supported by the increase in progesterone synthesis observed during pregnancy in both the placenta and the fetal brain. In the present review, we will focus on progesterone actions during CNS development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos González-Orozco
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
González-Orozco JC, Hansberg-Pastor V, Valadez-Cosmes P, Nicolas-Ortega W, Bastida-Beristain Y, Fuente-Granada MDL, González-Arenas A, Camacho-Arroyo I. Activation of membrane progesterone receptor-alpha increases proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioblastoma cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 477:81-89. [PMID: 29894708 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive brain tumor due to its high capacity to migrate and invade normal brain tissue. The steroid hormone progesterone (P4) contributes to the progression of glioblastoma by promoting proliferation, migration, and cellular invasion through the activation of its intracellular receptor (PR). However, the use of PR antagonist RU486 partially blocks the effects of P4, suggesting the participation of signaling pathways such as those mediated by membrane receptors to P4 (mPRs). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of mPRα subtype activation on proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioblastoma cells. METHODS We treated human glioblastoma cell lines U87 and U251 with the specific mPRα agonist Org OD 02-0, and evaluated its effects on cell number, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additionally, we measured the phosphorylation of the kinases Src and Akt in both cell lines upon Org OD 02-0 treatment. RESULTS Org OD 02-0 (100 nM) augmented the number of U87 and U251 cells by increasing cell proliferation. The treatment with this agonist also increased U87 and U251 cell migration and invasion. Both proliferation and cell invasion decreased when mPRα expression was silenced. Finally, we observed that Org OD 02-0 increased the content of p-Src and p-Akt in both cell lines. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that P4 produces its effects in human glioblastoma progression not only by PR interaction but also through cell signaling pathways activated by mPRα.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos González-Orozco
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Paulina Valadez-Cosmes
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Walter Nicolas-Ortega
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Yenifer Bastida-Beristain
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marisol De La Fuente-Granada
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Aliesha González-Arenas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Grindstad T, Richardsen E, Andersen S, Skjefstad K, Rakaee Khanehkenari M, Donnem T, Ness N, Nordby Y, Bremnes RM, Al-Saad S, Busund LT. Progesterone Receptors in Prostate Cancer: Progesterone receptor B is the isoform associated with disease progression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11358. [PMID: 30054508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of steroid hormones in carcinogenesis of the prostate is to some extent unraveled thorough the effect of androgen deprivation therapy on prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Other members of the steroid hormone family, such as progesterone, are also implicated in PCa, but progesterone’s role remains undefined. This study aimed to examine the distribution of progesterone receptor isoforms (PGRA, PGRB) in PCa tissue and their association with clinical endpoints. This was conducted retrospectively by collecting radical prostatectomy specimens from 535 patients. Tissue was analyzed using tissue microarray, where representative tumor areas were carefully selected. Protein expression was evaluated through immunohistochemistry, in stromal and epithelial tissue. Associations between receptor expression and clinical data were considered using statistical survival analyses. Herein, we discovered a solely stromal PGRA- and a stromal and epithelial PGRB expression. Further, a high PGRB expression in tumor tissue was associated with an unfavorable prognosis in both univariate and multivariate analyses: Biochemical failure (HR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.45–2.76, p < 0.001) and clinical failure (HR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.29–4.85, p = 0.006). These findings are in agreement with our previous investigation on pan-PGR, indicating that the observed negative effect of PGR is represented by PGRB.
Collapse
|
15
|
Altinoz MA, Ozpinar A, Elmaci I. Reproductive epidemiology of glial tumors may reveal novel treatments: high-dose progestins or progesterone antagonists as endocrino-immune modifiers against glioma. Neurosurg Rev 2018; 42:351-369. [DOI: 10.1007/s10143-018-0953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
16
|
Yousuf S, Brat DJ, Shu HK, Wang Y, Stein DG, Atif F. Progesterone improves neurocognitive outcomes following therapeutic cranial irradiation in mice. Horm Behav 2017; 96:21-30. [PMID: 28866326 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite improved therapeutic methods, CNS toxicity resulting from cancer treatment remains a major cause of post-treatment morbidity. More than half of adult patients with cranial irradiation for brain cancer develop neurobehavioral/cognitive deficits that severely impact quality of life. We examined the neuroprotective effects of the neurosteroid progesterone (PROG) against ionizing radiation (IR)-induced neurobehavioral/cognitive deficits in mice. Male C57/BL mice were exposed to one of two fractionated dose regimens of IR (3Gy×3 or 3Gy×5). PROG (16mg/kg; 0.16mg/g) was given as a pre-, concurrent or post-IR treatment for 14days. Mice were tested for short- and long-term effects of IR and PROG on neurobehavioral/cognitive function on days 10 and 30 after IR treatment. We evaluated both hippocampus-dependent and -independent memory functions. Locomotor activity, elevated plus maze, novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests revealed behavioral deficits following IR. PROG treatment produced improvement in behavioral performance at both time points in the mice given IR. Western blot analysis of hippocampal and cortical tissue showed that IR at both doses induced astrocytic activation (glial fibrillary acidic protein), reactive macrophages/microglia (CD68) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) and PROG treatment inhibited these markers of brain injury. There was no significant difference in the degree of deficit in any test between the two dose regimens of IR at either time point. These findings could be important in the context of patients with brain tumors who may undergo radiotherapy and eventually develop cognitive deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Yousuf
- Brain Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, 1365 B Clifton Rd NE, Suite 5100, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology, Emory University Hospital Room H183, 1364 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Hui-Kuo Shu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 1365 C Clifton Rd NE, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 1365 C Clifton Rd NE, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Donald G Stein
- Brain Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, 1365 B Clifton Rd NE, Suite 5100, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Fahim Atif
- Brain Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, 1365 B Clifton Rd NE, Suite 5100, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|