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Zhan X, Yang Y, Li Q, He F. The role of deubiquitinases in cardiac disease. Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e3. [PMID: 38525836 PMCID: PMC11062144 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2024.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Deubiquitinases are a group of proteins that identify and digest monoubiquitin chains or polyubiquitin chains attached to substrate proteins, preventing the substrate protein from being degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Deubiquitinases regulate cellular autophagy, metabolism and oxidative stress by acting on different substrate proteins. Recent studies have revealed that deubiquitinases act as a critical regulator in various cardiac diseases, and control the onset and progression of cardiac disease through a board range of mechanism. This review summarizes the function of different deubiquitinases in cardiac disease, including cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus-related cardiac disease. Besides, this review briefly recapitulates the role of deubiquitinases modulators in cardiac disease, providing the potential therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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Ohashi A, Murayama MA, Miyabe Y, Yudoh K, Miyabe C. Streptococcal infection and autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1361123. [PMID: 38464518 PMCID: PMC10920276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of immune cells by environmental factors, such as infection or individual genetic risk, causes various autoimmune diseases. Streptococcus species are gram-positive bacteria that colonize the nasopharynx, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, and skin. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) species cause various symptoms, ranging from mild infections, such as tonsillitis and pharyngitis, to serious infections, such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. The contribution of GAS infections to several autoimmune diseases, including acute rheumatic fever, vasculitis, and neuropsychiatric disorders, has been studied. In this review, we focus on the association between streptococcal infections and autoimmune diseases, and discuss current research on the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Ohashi
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masanori A. Murayama
- Department of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshishige Miyabe
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yudoh
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Chie Miyabe
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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Diniz MG, Fraga LL, Nunes MCP, Oliveira KKB, Amaral IB, Chavez LMT, de Paula LH, Haiashi BC, Ferreira AM, Silva MHA, Veloso JEM, Silva CA, Gelape FA, Santos LPA, Amaral AM, Coelho CT, Diamante LC, Correia JS, Meira ZMA, Ribeiro ALP, Spaziani AM, Sable C, Nascimento BR. Agreement between Handheld and Standard Echocardiography for Diagnosis of Latent Rheumatic Heart Disease in Brazilian Schoolchildren from High-Prevalence Settings (Agreement between Screening and Standard Echo for RHD). Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:392. [PMID: 38396431 PMCID: PMC10888211 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Handheld echocardiography (echo) is the tool of choice for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) screening. We aimed to assess the agreement between screening and standard echo for latent RHD diagnosis in schoolchildren from an endemic setting. Methods: Over 14 months, 3 nonphysicians used handheld machines and the 2012 WHF Criteria to determine RHD prevalence in consented schoolchildren from Brazilian low-income public schools. Studies were interpreted by telemedicine by 3 experts (Brazil, US). RHD-positive children (borderline/definite) and those with congenital heart disease (CHD) were referred for standard echo, acquired and interpreted by a cardiologist. Agreement between screening and standard echo, by WHF subgroups, was assessed. Results: 1390 students were screened in 6 schools, with 110 (7.9%, 95% CI 6.5-9.5) being screen positive (14 ± 2 years, 72% women). Among 16 cases initially diagnosed as definite RHD, 11 (69%) were confirmed, 4 (25%) reclassified to borderline, and 1 to normal. Among 79 cases flagged as borderline RHD, 19 (24%) were confirmed, 50 (63%) reclassified to normal, 8 (10%) reclassified as definite RHD, and 2 had mild CHD. Considering the 4 diagnostic categories, kappa was 0.18. In patients with borderline RHD reclassified to non-RHD, the most frequent WHF criterion was B (isolated mitral regurgitation, 64%), followed by A (2 mitral valve morphological features, 31%). In 1 patient with definite RHD reclassified to normal, the WHF criterion was D (borderline RHD in aortic and mitral valves). After standard echo, RHD prevalence was 3.2% (95% CI 2.3-4.2). Conclusions: Although practical, RHD screening with handheld devices tends to overestimate prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina G. Diniz
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas L. Fraga
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Carmo P. Nunes
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Kaciane K. B. Oliveira
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
| | - Ingred Beatriz Amaral
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
| | - Luz Marina T. Chavez
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
| | - Luiza Haikal de Paula
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Beatriz C. Haiashi
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M. Ferreira
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro Henrique A. Silva
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Elvira M. Veloso
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
| | - Cássia Aparecida Silva
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
| | - Fernanda A. Gelape
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-110, MG, Brazil; (F.A.G.); (L.P.A.S.)
| | - Luiza P. A. Santos
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-110, MG, Brazil; (F.A.G.); (L.P.A.S.)
| | - Arthur M. Amaral
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil;
| | - Cecília T. Coelho
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas C. Diamante
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliane S. Correia
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Zilda Maria A. Meira
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
| | - Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Alison M. Spaziani
- Cardiology, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (A.M.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Craig Sable
- Cardiology, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (A.M.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Bruno R. Nascimento
- Serviço de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (M.G.D.); (M.C.P.N.); (K.K.B.O.); (I.B.A.); (L.M.T.C.); (L.H.d.P.); (B.C.H.); (A.M.F.); (M.H.A.S.); (J.E.M.V.); (C.A.S.); (C.T.C.); (L.C.D.); (J.S.C.); (Z.M.A.M.); (A.L.P.R.)
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
- Serviço de Hemodinâmica, Hospital Madre Teresa, Belo Horizonte 30441-070, MG, Brazil
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Shi B, Li H, He X. Advancing lifelong precision medicine for cardiovascular diseases through gut microbiota modulation. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2323237. [PMID: 38411391 PMCID: PMC10900281 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2323237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is known as the tenth system of the human body that plays a vital role in the intersection between health and disease. The considerable inter-individual variability in gut microbiota poses both challenges and great prospects in promoting precision medicine in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, based on the development, evolution, and influencing factors of gut microbiota in a full life circle, we summarized the recent advances on the characteristic alteration in gut microbiota in CVDs throughout different life stages, and depicted their pathological links in mechanism, as well as the highlight achievements of targeting gut microbiota in CVDs prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Personalized strategies could be tailored according to gut microbiota characteristics in different life stages, including gut microbiota-blood metabolites combined prediction and diagnosis, dietary interventions, lifestyle improvements, probiotic or prebiotic supplements. However, to fulfill the promise of a lifelong cardiovascular health, more mechanism studies should progress from correlation to causality and decipher novel mechanisms linking specific microbes and CVDs. It is also promising to use the burgeoning artificial intelligence and machine learning to target gut microbiota for developing diagnosis system and screening for new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhong Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Salman A, Larik MO, Amir MA, Majeed Y, Urooj M, Tariq MA, Azam F, Shiraz MI, Fiaz MM, Waheed MA, Nadeem H, Zahra R, Fazalullah DM, Mattumpuram J. Trends in Rheumatic Heart Disease-Related Mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2020. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102148. [PMID: 37863458 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of mortality data on rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in the United States (US). In light of this, a retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the temporal, sex-based, racial, and regional trends in RHD-related mortality in the US, ranging from 1999 to 2020. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC-WONDER) dataset was analyzed, where crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) were identified, along with annual percentage changes (APCs) determined by Joinpoint regression. Through the period of 1999 to 2020, there were 141,137 RHD-related deaths reported, with a marginal decline from 4.05/100,000 in 1999 to 3.12/100,000 in 2020. However, the recent rise in AAMR from 2017 to 2020 has created a source of concern (APC: 6.62 [95% CI, 3.19-8.72]). Similar trends were observed in the Black or African American race from 2017 to 2020 (APC: 10.58 [95% CI, 6.29-17.80]). Moreover, the highest percentage change from 2018 to 2020 was observed in residents of large metropolitan areas (APC: 7.6 [95% CI, 2.8-10.5]). A prominent disparity was observed among states, with values ranging from 1.74/100,000 in Louisiana to 5.27/100,000 in Vermont. States within the top 90th percentile of RHD-related deaths included Alaska, Minnesota, Washington, Wyoming, and Vermont. In conclusion, it is imperative to delve deeper into the evidently rising trends of RHD-related mortality and outline the possible sources of social determinants within US healthcare in order to provide equal and quality medical care throughout the nation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Salman
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Omar Larik
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Amir
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Majeed
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Urooj
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Tariq
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Azam
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Maria Muhammad Fiaz
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Amjad Waheed
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Nadeem
- Department of Medicine, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Roshnee Zahra
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Jishanth Mattumpuram
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
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McBenedict B, Mansoor Z, Chaudhary A, Thomas A, Yaseen M, Hauwanga W. Temporal Trends of Age-Adjusted Mortality Rates for Rheumatic Heart Disease in Brazil From 2000 to 2021. Cureus 2024; 16:e52322. [PMID: 38357062 PMCID: PMC10866569 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a chronic cardiovascular condition stemming from an infectious origin, posing a substantial health burden, particularly in economically disadvantaged regions. It starts with acute rheumatic fever (ARF), a complication following group A Streptococcus infection, leading to heart valve damage and, over time, structural heart abnormalities. RHD contributes to premature deaths, especially in low-middle-income countries. Although the incidence and prevalence have generally reduced globally due to antibiotics and improved healthcare, it remains a significant public health concern in Brazil, echoing its prevalence in many developing nations around the world. RHD stands as a poignant testament to the intersection of socio-economic disparities and healthcare challenges within Brazil's diverse population. In Brazil, despite advancements in healthcare, RHD continues to impact communities, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced prevention strategies, access to quality healthcare services, and heightened awareness to combat this preventable, yet persistent, cardiac condition. Understanding the epidemiological landscape and socio-cultural factors influencing RHD in Brazil is crucial for developing targeted interventions aimed at mitigating its burden on individuals, families, and the healthcare system at large. Thus, our study focuses on analyzing age-related mortality rates linked to ARF and chronic RHD (ARHD) in Brazil from 2000 to 2021, particularly examining gender disparities. Materials and methods This retrospective cohort study employed a descriptive time-series approach, utilizing comprehensive nationwide data from Brazil spanning from 2000 to 2021 to assess trends in diverse age groups, among both sexes, enabling a detailed analysis of temporal patterns. Mortality data, extracted and categorized meticulously, were subjected to Joinpoint statistical analyses enabling comparative assessments, with average annual percent change (AAPC) and annual percent change (APC) serving as key metrics to quantify and interpret trends over the analyzed period. Results The acute RHD (ARHD)-related mortality declined over the analyzed years supported by AAPC, with higher mortality reduction in females. The age-adjusted mortality rate for "males and females" decreased from 78 to 67 deaths/100,000 from 2000 to 2021. Female mortality dropped from 85 to 69/100,000, and male mortality decreased from 73 to 63/100,000 over the same period. For ARHD, male age groups (20-29, 60-69, 70-79, 80+) showed declining mortality, while the 30-59 age group exhibited an upward. Females AAMR for chronic RHD (CRHD) decreased across all age groups, with significant reductions in the 80 years and above age group from 2000-2002 (APC: -11.94*) and steadily from 2002 onwards (APC: -1.33). Conclusions Our study revealed an overall decline in mortality rates for both acute and CRHD across both sexes. Females consistently exhibited higher mortality rates and a more pronounced reduction compared to males in both acute and CRHD. In ARHD, males experience the highest mortality in the 50-59 age group, while females have a peak in the 40-49 age group. The 60-69 age group had the highest mortality in CRHD for both sexes. Conversely, the 20-29 age group displayed the lowest mortality in CRHD, and the 80-89 age group had the lowest mortality in ARHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy McBenedict
- Medicine, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro (Antonio Pedro University Hospital), Niteroi, BRA
| | - Zaeemah Mansoor
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Anusha Thomas
- Neurology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, IND
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Medicine and Surgery, Gambat Institute of Medical Sciences, Gambat, PAK
| | - Wilhelmina Hauwanga
- Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BRA
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Masterson MY, Beaton AZ, Williams MJ, Fenton KN, Bansal GP, Mocumbi AO, Carapetis JR, Goff DC, Mensah GA. Prospects for the future: supporting the elimination of rheumatic heart disease - a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop Proceedings. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e014300. [PMID: 37914186 PMCID: PMC10619103 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Y Masterson
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Z Beaton
- Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Geetha P Bansal
- John E Fogarty International Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ana O Mocumbi
- Non Communicable Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
- Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Jonathan R Carapetis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David C Goff
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - George A Mensah
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Cai Y, Li Y, Qin S, Li J, Zeng D, Huang T, Huang LL, Zhong Y, Wei L, Wu J. Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography Predicts Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling After Valve Replacement in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2023; 19:755-766. [PMID: 37750070 PMCID: PMC10518172 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s419163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatic mitral stenosis(RMS) may leads to left ventricular remodeling (LVR), which can persist even after valve surgery. Identifying markers for early structure and function in patients with rheumatic heart disease who are at risk for adverse LVR after surgery can help determine the optimal timing of intervention. This study aimed to investigate whether preoperative parameters of global left ventricular long-axis strain (LVGLS) and mechanical discretization (MD) could predict postoperative adverse LVR. Methods A total of 109 adult patients with RMS and 50 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Baseline clinical features, conventional echocardiography results, LVGLS, and MD were compared between the two groups. Pre- and post-surgery echocardiography measurements were collected, and adverse LVR was defined as a>15% increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume or >10% decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction. Binary regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors of poor left ventricular remodeling. Results The variables associated with adverse LVR in this study were LVGLS (P<0.001, odds ratio: 1.996, 95% CI: 1.394-2.856) and MD (P=0.011, odds ratio: 1.031, 95% CI: 1.007-1.055). The poorly reconstructed group had lower absolute values of LVGLS and higher MD than the healthy control group and the non-poorly reconstructed group. A LVGLS cutoff of -15.0% was the best predictor for patients with poorly reconstructed LVR (sensitivity: 75.7%; specificity: 100.0%; AUC: 0.93), and a MD cutoff of 63.8ms was the best predictor (sensitivity: 63.8%; specificity: 98.6%; AUC: 0.88). Conclusion Speckle tracking echocardiography has potential value for predicting the progression of adverse LVR and for identifying non-responders among patients with RMS undergoing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongzhi Cai
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyun Qin
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Li
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Decai Zeng
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Huang
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu Liu Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfen Zhong
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji Wu
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
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Asturias EJ, Excler JL, Ackland J, Cavaleri M, Fulurija A, Long R, McCulloch M, Sriskandan S, Sun W, Zühlke L, Kim JH, Dale JB, Steer AC. Safety of Streptococcus pyogenes Vaccines: Anticipating and Overcoming Challenges for Clinical Trials and Post-Marketing Monitoring. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:917-924. [PMID: 37232372 PMCID: PMC10506775 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A) infections result in a vastly underestimated burden of acute and chronic disease globally. The Strep A Vaccine Global Consortium's (SAVAC's) mission is to accelerate the development of safe, effective, and affordable S. pyogenes vaccines. The safety of vaccine recipients is of paramount importance. A single S. pyogenes vaccine clinical trial conducted in the 1960s raised important safety concerns. A SAVAC Safety Working Group was established to review the safety assessment methodology and results of more recent early-phase clinical trials and to consider future challenges for vaccine safety assessments across all phases of vaccine development. No clinical or biological safety signals were detected in any of these early-phase trials in the modern era. Improvements in vaccine safety assessments need further consideration, particularly for pediatric clinical trials, large-scale efficacy trials, and preparation for post-marketing pharmacovigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J Asturias
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora Colorado, USA
- Children’s Hospital, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Excler
- Director General’s Office, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Marco Cavaleri
- Anti-Infectives and Vaccines, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alma Fulurija
- Group A Streptococcal and Rheumatic Heart Disease Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Raj Long
- Safety and pharmacovigilance, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mignon McCulloch
- Department of Paediatrics, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Liesl Zühlke
- South African Medical Research Council, Parowvallei, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jerome H Kim
- Director General’s Office, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - James B Dale
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew C Steer
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Tropical Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville Victoria, Australia
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10
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Chen S, Ozberk V, Sam G, Gonzaga ZJC, Calcutt A, Pandey M, Good MF, Rehm BHA. Polymeric epitope-based vaccine induces protective immunity against group A Streptococcus. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:102. [PMID: 37452052 PMCID: PMC10349049 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (Strep A) is a life-threatening human pathogen with no licensed vaccine. Here, we used a biopolymer particle (BP) approach to display repeats of Strep A vaccine candidate peptides p*17 and K4S2 derived from M and non-M protein, respectively. BPs densely displaying both peptides (BP-p*17-S2) were successfully assembled in one-step inside an engineered endotoxin-free Escherichia coli strain. Purified BP-p*17-S2 showed a spherical core-shell morphology with a biopolymer core and peptide shell. Upon formulation with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant, BP-p*17-S2 exhibited a mean diameter of 2.9 µm and a positive surface charge of 22 mV. No cytotoxicity was detected when tested against HEK-293 cells. Stability studies showed that BP-p*17-S2 is ambient-temperature stable. Immunized mice showed no adverse reactions, while producing high titers of peptide specific antibodies and cytokines. This immune response could be correlated with protective immunity in an animal model of infection, i.e. intranasal challenge of mice with Strep A, where a significant reduction of >100-fold of pathogen burden in nose-associated lymphoid tissue, lung, and spleen was obtained. The cost-effective scalable manufacture of ambient-temperature stable BPs coated with Strep A peptides combined with their immunogenic properties offer an attractive alternative strategy to current Strep A vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiong Chen
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University (Nathan Campus), Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - Victoria Ozberk
- The Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University (Gold Coast Campus), Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Gayathri Sam
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University (Nathan Campus), Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Zennia Jean C Gonzaga
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University (Nathan Campus), Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Ainslie Calcutt
- The Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University (Gold Coast Campus), Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- The Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University (Gold Coast Campus), Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Michael F Good
- The Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University (Gold Coast Campus), Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers (CCFB), Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University (Nathan Campus), Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MHIQ), Griffith University (Gold Coast Campus), Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia.
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11
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Han Z, Liu Q, Li H, Zhang M, You L, Lin Y, Wang K, Gou Q, Wang Z, Zhou S, Cai Y, Yuan L, Chen H. The role of monocytes in thrombotic diseases: a review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1113827. [PMID: 37332592 PMCID: PMC10272466 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1113827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the number one killer threatening people's life and health, among which cardiovascular thrombotic events are the most common. As the cause of particularly serious cardiovascular events, thrombosis can trigger fatal crises such as acute coronary syndrome (myocardial infarction and unstable angina), cerebral infarction and so on. Circulating monocytes are an important part of innate immunity. Their main physiological functions are phagocytosis, removal of injured and senescent cells and their debris, and development into macrophages and dendritic cells. At the same time, they also participate in the pathophysiological processes of pro-coagulation and anticoagulation. According to recent studies, monocytes have been found to play a significant role in thrombosis and thrombotic diseases of the immune system. In this manuscript, we review the relationship between monocyte subsets and cardiovascular thrombotic events and analyze the role of monocytes in arterial thrombosis and their involvement in intravenous thrombolysis. Finally, we summarize the mechanism and therapeutic regimen of monocyte and thrombosis in hypertension, antiphospholipid syndrome, atherosclerosis, rheumatic heart disease, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiqi Zhang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Luling You
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Lin
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaoyin Gou
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanzhan Wang
- Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shuwei Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - YiJin Cai
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Yuan
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- Science and Education Department, Chengdu Xinhua Hospital, Chengdu, China
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12
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Zhao W, Huang G, Ye J. LINC00707 inhibits myocardial fibrosis and immune disorder in rheumatic heart disease by regulating miR-145-5p/S1PR1. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37083109 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2204598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
LINC00707 is a lncRNA that can regulate a variety of diseases. This study mainly investigated that the expression of LINC00707 in rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and LINC00707 regulates S1PR1 by targeting miR-145-5p to inhibit myocardial fibrosis and immune disorder in RHD. A rat model of RHD induced by inactivated group A β-hemolytic streptococcus (GSA) was established. Sixty female Lewis rats (8 weeks of age) were randomly divided into six groups, including control (Con), RHD, RHD+NC, RHD+LINC00707, RHD+miR-145-5p and RHD+LINC00707+miR-145-5p. The mRNA expression was detected by Quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Protein expression of S1PR1 was detected by western blot. The levels of myocardial damage markers (CK-MB, cTnl) and inflammatory immune markers (IL-6, IL-17 and IL-21) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Collagen III/I(COLIII/I) ratio, mRNA expression of COLIIIα1 and FSP1 of rat heart valve tissue in the RHD group was observably higher by comparison with the CON group. The expression of LINC00707 was observably lower in the RHD group. LINC00707 inhibited myocardial fibrosis and immune disorder in RHD. MiR-145-5p was the target gene of LINC00707 via Targetscan prediction. Luciferase reporter experiment confirmed that miR-145-5p was directly regulated by LINC00707. The expression of miR-145-5p in the RHD group was observably higher by comparison with the CON group and LINC00707 observably decreased the expression of miR-145-5p. miR-145-5p mimic reversed the inhibiting effect of LINC00707 on myocardial fibrosis and immune disorder. Furthermore, S1PR1 was confirmed to be downstream gene of miR-145-5p and low expressed in the RHD model. LINC00707 could inhibit myocardial fibrosis and immune disorder in RHD by regulating miR-145-5p/S1PR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhao
- Department of Thoracic cardiovascular surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guoxiong Huang
- Department of Thoracic cardiovascular surgery, The People's Hospital of Wuzhou, Wuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiemei Ye
- The Center for Clinical Research, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi, China
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Reynolds S, Rafeek RAM, Hamlin A, Lepletier A, Pandey M, Ketheesan N, Good MF. Streptococcus pyogenes vaccine candidates do not induce autoimmune responses in a rheumatic heart disease model. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:9. [PMID: 36739443 PMCID: PMC9899064 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a candidate vaccine to protect against multiple strains of Streptococcus pyogenes infections. The candidate vaccine contains two synthetic peptides derived from S. pyogenes proteins: the M-protein epitope, p*17 and the IL-8 degrading S. pyogenes Cell-Envelope Proteinase (SpyCEP) epitope, K4S2. In this study we utilise a rat autoimmune valvulitis model that displays both the cardiac and neurobehavioural pathology associated with post-streptococcal sequelae, to assess if the vaccine candidate antigens induce autoimmune complications and inflammatory pathology. Each antigen was conjugated to carrier protein diphtheria toxoid (DT) and independently assessed for potential to induce autoimmune pathology in female Lewis rats. Rats were administered three subcutaneous doses, and one intranasal dose over a four-week study with a two-week recovery period. A positive control group received recombinant S. pyogenes M5 (rM5) protein, and the negative control group received PBS. Rats that received rM5 developed significant cardiac and neurological pathologies. There was no evidence of these pathologies in the PBS control group, or the rats administered either P*17-DT or K4S2-DT. This study provides further preclinical evidence of the safety of the vaccine candidates p*17 and K4S2 and their appropriateness as candidates in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Reynolds
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland Australia
| | - Rukshan Ahamed Mohamed Rafeek
- grid.1020.30000 0004 1936 7371School of Science & Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales Australia
| | - Adam Hamlin
- grid.1020.30000 0004 1936 7371School of Science & Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales Australia
| | - Ailin Lepletier
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland Australia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland Australia
| | - Natkunam Ketheesan
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland Australia ,grid.1020.30000 0004 1936 7371School of Science & Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales Australia
| | - Michael F. Good
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland Australia
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Xie T, Wu D, Zhang J, Qiao P, Chen X, Liu D, Xiang M, Li H, Cai X, Lin Z, Yang W, Chen X, Chen H, Liu C. A new perspective: Fat tissue and adipokines in rheumatic heart valves. J Card Surg 2022; 37:4991-4998. [PMID: 36423241 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.17216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe fat tissue and the expression of adipokines in rheumatic heart valves and explore the possible role of fat tissue and adipokines in the pathology of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). METHODS In this retrospective study, a total of 29 patients who received mitral valve replacement surgery were included. The study group consisted of 25 patients with RHD while the control group consisted of 4 patients with secondary mitral insufficiency caused by coronary heart disease (CAD). The clinical data of the patients including medical history, age, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], apolipoprotein(b) [apo(b)] were collected and compared. Cardiac ultrasonography was used to assess valve conditions before surgery. The removed valves were collected. The hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, oil-red O staining, and Masson's trichrome staining were adopted to evaluate the histological changes in the mitral valve. Immunohistochemical (IMC) staining was performed to evaluate the expression of adiponectin, leptin, and chemerin. RESULTS There was no significant difference in general information and blood lipid levels between the two groups (all p > .05). Preoperative ultrasonography showed adipose tissue in the mitral valve of RHD patients. In the study group, rheumatic mitral valve samples showed thickening, adherence at the junction of the leaflets, calcification, and yellowish or fat mass by naked observation. The HE staining showed that there was calcification, inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrous tissue arranged disorder, and neovascularization. The oil-red O staining suggested fatty infiltration. Masson's trichrome staining suggested disorderly arrangement of collagen fiber and elastic fiber in rheumatic lesions, and the lesions were dominated by collagen fiber hyperplasia and less elastic fiber hyperplasia. The results of IMC indicated that chemerin was not expressed in valves of the control group. Most of the valve samples from the study group also did not show leptin and the leptin was seen in only a few rheumatic mitral valves with vascular hyperplasia. Adiponectin was not found in the valves of the study group and the control group. CONCLUSION Adipose tissue in the rheumatic mitral valve could be observed by ultrasound. The fat mass and adipokines existed in rheumatic mitral valves, the adipocytokine chemerin is involved in the progression of the pathology in RHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Danna Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ping Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- International College of Nusing, Hainan Vacationnal Universitiy of Science and Technology, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Debin Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Mei Xiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xingjiu Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhichuan Lin
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wenkai Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central People's Hosipital of Zhanjiang, Guangdong, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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15
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Abstract
Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and its sequela rheumatic heart disease remain significant causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. When caring for patients originating from a geographic setting where ARF is endemic, a high index of suspicion for ARF is indicated. Early recognition of ARF with the initiation of treatment and secondary prevention is vital to prevent irreversible cardiac valve damage. This article covers the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic considerations of ARF. Specifically, the differing diagnostic criteria between high- and low-risk populations are emphasized. It will also review management and prevention strategies for ARF. [Pediatr Ann. 2022;51(12):e457-e460.].
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16
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Goyal VD, Pahare A, Misra G. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in association with rheumatic heart disease: report of three cases. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 38:663-665. [PMID: 36258820 PMCID: PMC9569282 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-022-01392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is usually seen in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis. Its association with rheumatic heart disease has not been adequately reported in literature. We report our experience of three cases who were diagnosed cases of rheumatic heart disease. Their symptomatology and clinical findings required further evaluation and investigations, which were suggestive of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. The patients were treated with steroids and/or antifungals before proceeding with the valve replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Deep Goyal
- Department of Surgery, Shri Ram Murti Samarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, U.P 243202 India
| | - Akhilesh Pahare
- Department of Anesthesia, Shri Ram Murti Samarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, U.P 243202 India
| | - Gaurav Misra
- Department of Anesthesia, Shri Ram Murti Samarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, U.P 243202 India
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17
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Sannino A, Campbell S, Grapsa J, Modine T, Barbanti M, Chambers JB, Zamorano JL, Pibarot P, Garbi M, Vannan M, Habib G, Lancellotti P. European survey on valvular heart disease clinical experience from the European Society of Cardiology council on valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J Open 2022; 2:oeac054. [PMID: 36262770 PMCID: PMC9562836 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Aims The aim of this survey is to analyze how current recommendations on valvular heart disease (VHD) management have been adopted. Identifying potential discrepancies between recommendations and everyday clinical practice would enable us to better understand and address the remaining challenges in this controversial and complex field. Methods and results A total of 33 questions, distributed via email to all European Society of Cardiology (ESC) affiliated countries through the newsletter of the ESC council on VHD, were answered by 689 respondents, mainly from tertiary care settings. The results of this survey showed that VHD patients are mostly managed by tertiary care centres, where multi-disciplinary heart teams are frequently a reality. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is often used in the preprocedural planning of transcatheter interventions, particularly for sizing and deliverability assessment. Echocardiography represents the most widely used imaging modality in the diagnostic, intra-operative and follow-up phase of VHD patients. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is still largely underused, also for conditions such as mitral annular disjunction, or for the assessment of left ventricle volumes where it is considered as the gold standard, despite 3D volumes by echocardiography having proved good comparability with CMR. As for endocarditis, despite still underused, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) represents the approach of choice for the diagnosis of native and prosthesis valve endocarditis (up to 46% of the respondents use it). In this context, positron emission tomography-CT is largely underused. Conclusion There is widespread adoption of current recommendation on the evaluation of VHD and these are frequently used to guide patient management. Nonetheless, there are still many discrepancies across centres and countries which need to be addressed with the aim of improving patients' management and outcomes and ultimately positively impacting on healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sannino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Sarah Campbell
- Department of Cardiology, Guys and St Thomas NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Grapsa
- Department of Cardiology, Guys and St Thomas NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Modine
- Service Médico-Chirurgical, Valvulopathies-Chirurgie Cardiaque-Cardiologie Interventionelle Structurelle, Hôpital Cardiologique de Haut Lévèque, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marco Barbanti
- Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - John B Chambers
- Department of Cardiology, Guys and St Thomas NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose L Zamorano
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, M-607, 9, 100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Institut de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Madalina Garbi
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Gilbert Habib
- Cardiology Department, AP-HM, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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18
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhu H, Zhong Z. Functional and Transcriptome Analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes Virulence on Loss of Its Secreted Esterase. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147954. [PMID: 35887300 PMCID: PMC9318535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esterases are broadly expressed in bacteria, but much remains unknown about their pathogenic effect. In previous studies, we focused on an esterase secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus, GAS). Streptococcal secreted esterase (Sse) can hydrolyze the sn−2 ester bonds of platelet−activating factor (PAF), converting it to an inactive form that inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis to the infection sites. However, as a virulent protein, Sse probably participates in GAS pathogenesis far beyond chemotaxis inhibition. In this study, we generated the sse gene knockout strain (Δsse) from the parent strain MGAS5005 (hypervirulent M1T1 serotype) and compared the difference in phenotypes. Absence of Sse was related to weakened skin invasion in a murine infection model, and significantly reduced GAS epithelial adherence, invasion, and intracellular survival. Reduced virulence of the Δsse mutant strain was explored through transcriptome analysis, revealing a striking reduction in the abundance of invasive virulence factors including M protein, SIC, ScpA, and SclA. Besides the influence on the virulence, Sse also affected carbohydrate, amino acid, pyrimidine, and purine metabolism pathways. By elucidating Sse−mediated pathogenic process, the study will contribute to the development of new therapeutic agents that target bacterial esterases to control clinical GAS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hui Zhu
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-451-86674538 (H.Z.)
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-451-86674538 (H.Z.)
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19
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Xu Y, Han D, Huang T, Zhang X, Lu H, Shen S, Lyu J, Wang H. Predicting ICU Mortality in Rheumatic Heart Disease: Comparison of XGBoost and Logistic Regression. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:847206. [PMID: 35295254 PMCID: PMC8918628 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.847206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRheumatic heart disease (RHD) accounts for a large proportion of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) deaths. Early prediction of RHD can help with timely and appropriate treatment to improve survival outcomes, and the XGBoost machine learning technology can be used to identify predictive factors; however, its use has been limited in the past. We compared the performance of logistic regression and XGBoost in predicting hospital mortality among patients with RHD from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database.MethodsThe patients with RHD in the MIMIC-IV database were divided into two groups retrospectively according to the availability of data and its clinical significance based on whether they survived or died. Backward stepwise regression was used to analyze the independent factors influencing patients with RHD, and to compare the differences between the two groups. The XGBoost algorithm and logistic regression were used to establish two prediction models, and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) and decision-curve analysis (DCA) were used to test and compare the models. Finally, DCA and the clinical impact curve (CIC) were used to validate the model.ResultsData on 1,634 patients with RHD were analyzed, comprising 207 who died during hospitalization and 1,427 survived. According to estimated results for the two models using AUCs [0.838 (95% confidence interval = 0.786–0.891) and 0.815 (95% confidence interval = 0.765–0.865)] and DCA, the logistic regression model performed better. DCA and CIC verified that the logistic regression model had convincing predictive value.ConclusionsWe used logistic regression analysis to establish a more meaningful prediction model for the final outcome of patients with RHD. This model might be clinically useful for patients with RHD and help clinicians to provide detailed treatments and precise management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Didi Han
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshen Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Shen
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Lyu
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Hao Wang
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20
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Rwebembera J, Nascimento BR, Minja NW, de Loizaga S, Aliku T, dos Santos LPA, Galdino BF, Corte LS, Silva VR, Chang AY, Dutra WO, Nunes MCP, Beaton AZ. Recent Advances in the Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease Continuum. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020179. [PMID: 35215123 PMCID: PMC8878614 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly a century after rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) was eradicated from the developed world, the disease remains endemic in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with grim health and socioeconomic impacts. The neglect of RHD which persisted for a semi-centennial was further driven by competing infectious diseases, particularly the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. However, over the last two-decades, slowly at first but with building momentum, there has been a resurgence of interest in RF/RHD. In this narrative review, we present the advances that have been made in the RF/RHD continuum over the past two decades since the re-awakening of interest, with a more concise focus on the last decade’s achievements. Such primary advances include understanding the genetic predisposition to RHD, group A Streptococcus (GAS) vaccine development, and improved diagnostic strategies for GAS pharyngitis. Echocardiographic screening for RHD has been a major advance which has unearthed the prevailing high burden of RHD and the recent demonstration of benefit of secondary antibiotic prophylaxis on halting progression of latent RHD is a major step forward. Multiple befitting advances in tertiary management of RHD have also been realized. Finally, we summarize the research gaps and provide illumination on profitable future directions towards global eradication of RHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselyn Rwebembera
- Department of Adult Cardiology (JR), Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala 37392, Uganda
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +256-779010527
| | - Bruno Ramos Nascimento
- Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (B.R.N.); (L.P.A.d.S.); (B.F.G.); (L.S.C.); (V.R.S.); (M.C.P.N.)
- Servico de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaude, Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena 110, 1st Floor, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Neema W. Minja
- Rheumatic Heart Disease Research Collaborative in Uganda, Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala 37392, Uganda;
| | - Sarah de Loizaga
- School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (S.d.L.); (A.Z.B.)
| | - Twalib Aliku
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology (TA), Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala 37392, Uganda;
| | - Luiza Pereira Afonso dos Santos
- Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (B.R.N.); (L.P.A.d.S.); (B.F.G.); (L.S.C.); (V.R.S.); (M.C.P.N.)
| | - Bruno Fernandes Galdino
- Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (B.R.N.); (L.P.A.d.S.); (B.F.G.); (L.S.C.); (V.R.S.); (M.C.P.N.)
| | - Luiza Silame Corte
- Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (B.R.N.); (L.P.A.d.S.); (B.F.G.); (L.S.C.); (V.R.S.); (M.C.P.N.)
| | - Vicente Rezende Silva
- Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (B.R.N.); (L.P.A.d.S.); (B.F.G.); (L.S.C.); (V.R.S.); (M.C.P.N.)
| | - Andrew Young Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Walderez Ornelas Dutra
- Laboratory of Cell-Cell Interactions, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil;
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases (INCT-DT), Salvador 40170-970, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria Carmo Pereira Nunes
- Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (B.R.N.); (L.P.A.d.S.); (B.F.G.); (L.S.C.); (V.R.S.); (M.C.P.N.)
- Servico de Cardiologia e Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Centro de Telessaude, Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena 110, 1st Floor, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Andrea Zawacki Beaton
- School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (S.d.L.); (A.Z.B.)
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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21
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Zhu L, Wang Z, Sun L, Zheng D, Hu B, Li N, Shao G. Hsa_circ_0000437 upregulates and promotes disease progression in rheumatic valvular heart disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 36:e24197. [PMID: 34952991 PMCID: PMC8842158 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the diagnosis and outcome of rheumatic valvular heart disease (RVHD) are less than ideal, and there are no accurate biomarkers. Circular RNA (circRNA) might participate in the occurrence and development of RVHD. Materials and methods We use circRNA microarray to filter out the target has_circ_0000437. qRT‐PCR was used to measure the expression levels of hsa_circ_0000437 in RVHD plasma samples. We assessed the diagnostic value of hsa_circ_0000437 in RVHD. Cell function in vitro experiment was to explore the effect of has_circ_0000437 on RVHD. Results Has_circ_0000437 is highly expressed in RVHD (p < 0.001). has_circ_0000437 has the diagnostic value in RVHD. In RVHD, hsa_circ_0000437 can promote cell proliferation and migration but inhibits its apoptosis. This may be due to the combination of has_circ_0000437 and target miRNA in the cytoplasm that affects the progress of RVHD. Conclusions Has_circ_0000437 can promote the process of RVHD and may be a potential for the diagnosis and treatment of RVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwen Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lebo Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dawei Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bingchuan Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guofeng Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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22
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Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a preeminent human bacterial pathogen causing hundreds of millions of infections each year worldwide. In the clinical setting, the bacterium is easily identified by a rapid antigen test against the group A carbohydrate (GAC), a polysaccharide that comprises 30 to 50% of the GAS cell wall by weight. Originally described by Rebecca Lancefield in the 1930s, GAC consists of a polyrhamnose backbone and a N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) side chain. This side chain, the species-defining immunodominant antigen, is potentially implicated in autoreactive immune responses against human heart or brain tissue in poststreptococcal rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease. The recent discovery of the genetic locus encoding GAC biosynthesis and new insights into its chemical structure have provided novel insights into the assembly of the polysaccharide, its contribution to immune evasion and virulence, and ideas for safely harnessing its natural immunogenicity in vaccine design. This minireview serves to summarize the emerging new literature on GAC, the eponymous cell well antigen that provides structural integrity to GAS and directly interfaces with host innate and adaptive immune responses.
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23
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Marijon E, Mocumbi A, Narayanan K, Jouven X, Celermajer DS. Persisting burden and challenges of rheumatic heart disease. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:3338-3348. [PMID: 34263296 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the result of episodes of acute rheumatic fever with valvular (and other cardiac) damage caused by an abnormal immune response to group A streptococcal infections, usually during childhood and adolescence. As a result of improved living conditions and the introduction of penicillin, RHD was almost eradicated in the developed world by the 1980s. However, being a disease of poverty, its burden remains disproportionately high in the developing world, despite being a fundamentally preventable disease. Rheumatic heart disease generates relatively little attention from the medical and science communities, in contrast to other common infectious problems (such as malaria, HIV, tuberculosis), despite the major cardiovascular morbidity/mortality burden imposed by RHD. This relative neglect and paucity of funding have probably contributed to limited fundamental medical advances in this field for over 50 years. Given the importance of prevention before the onset of major valvular damage, the main challenges for RHD prevention are improving social circumstances, early diagnosis, and effective delivery of antibiotic prophylaxis. Early identification through ultrasound of silent, subclinical rheumatic valve lesions could provide an opportunity for early intervention. Simple echocardiographic diagnostic criteria and appropriately trained personnel can be valuable aids in large-scale public health efforts. In addition, a better understanding of the immunogenic determinants of the disease may provide potential routes to vaccine development and other novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Marijon
- University of Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Global Health Unit, Paris F-75015, France.,Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ana Mocumbi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique.,Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene, Mozambique
| | - Kumar Narayanan
- University of Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Global Health Unit, Paris F-75015, France.,Medicover Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Xavier Jouven
- University of Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Global Health Unit, Paris F-75015, France.,Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - David S Celermajer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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