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Zhong L, Cao X, Li L, He Y, Liu Y, Chen W, Yang F, Xiao N, Zhang J, He H. Renzhu Ointment Regulates L-Type Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channel in Mice Model of Senna-Induced Diarrhea by Transdermal Administration. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2355-2368. [PMID: 37588013 PMCID: PMC10426434 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s419626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In China, herbal preparation is commonly administered transdermally for treating pediatric diarrhea. However, few studies have probed into their antidiarrheal mechanisms. This study was designed to investigate the antidiarrheal effect of Renzhu ointment (Renzhuqigao, RZQG) and its underlying mechanisms via transdermal administration. Methods The main components of RZQG were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effect of RZQG on L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDCC) was evaluated by CaCl2- and ACh-induced contraction in isolated colon. The antidiarrheal efficacy of RZQG was further investigated by the senna-induced diarrhea mice based on the frequency of loose stools, diarrhea rate and index, fecal moisture content, and the basal tension of the colon. Additionally, the protein expression of CACNA1C, CACNA1D, cAMP, and PKA were detected with Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results GC-MS analysis determined 14 components in RZQG. In vitro, RZQG relaxed the CaCl2- and ACh-induced tension, while nifedipine (a L-VDCC inhibitor) and H-89 (a PKA inhibitor) decreased the relaxation. In vivo, animal model showed that transdermal administration of RZQG exhibited a significant reduction in the frequency of loose stools, diarrhea rate and index, fecal moisture content and the basal tension. Compared to the model group, the colon of mice treated with RZQG showed lower expression of CACNA1C, CACNA1D, cAMP, and PKA. IHC results showed that cAMP was downregulated in colonic smooth muscle after RZQG treatment. Conclusion RZQG improved diarrhea symptoms and down-regulated the expression of CACNA1C and CACNA1D via transdermal administration, which is closely associated with the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in colonic smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuzhen Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ni Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huifen He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People’s Republic of China
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Ritzer A, Roeschl T, Nay S, Rudakova E, Volk T. Rapid Pacing Decreases L-type Ca 2+ Current and Alters Cacna1c Isogene Expression in Primary Cultured Rat Left Ventricular Myocytes. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:257-269. [PMID: 36995425 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-023-00284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The L-type calcium current (ICaL) is the first step in cardiac excitation-contraction-coupling and plays an important role in regulating contractility, but also in electrical and mechanical remodeling. Primary culture of cardiomyocytes, a widely used tool in cardiac ion channel research, is associated with substantial morphological, functional and electrical changes some of which may be prevented by electrical pacing. We therefore investigated ICaL directly after cell isolation and after 24 h of primary culture with and without regular pacing at 1 and 3 Hz in rat left ventricular myocytes. Moreover, we analyzed total mRNA expression of the pore forming subunit of the L-type Ca2+ channel (cacna1c) as well as the expression of splice variants of its exon 1 that contribute to specificity of ICaL in different tissue such as cardiac myocytes or smooth muscle. 24 h incubation without pacing decreased ICaL density by ~ 10% only. Consistent with this decrease we observed a decrease in the expression of total cacna1c and of exon 1a, the dominant variant of cardiomyocytes, while expression of exon 1b and 1c increased. Pacing for 24 h at 1 and 3 Hz led to a substantial decrease in ICaL density by 30%, mildly slowed ICaL inactivation and shifted steady-state inactivation to more negative potentials. Total cacna1c mRNA expression was substantially decreased by pacing, as was the expression of exon 1b and 1c. Taken together, electrical silence introduces fewer alterations in ICaL density and cacna1c mRNA expression than pacing for 24 h and should therefore be the preferred approach for primary culture of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ritzer
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Physiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstraße 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Roeschl
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Physiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstraße 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Nay
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Physiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstraße 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elena Rudakova
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Physiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstraße 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tilmann Volk
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Physiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstraße 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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3
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Jiang L, Li J, Reilly S, Xin H, Guo N, Zhang X. Role of organellar Ca2+-activated K+ channels in disease development. Life Sci 2023; 316:121433. [PMID: 36708987 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The organellar Ca2+-activated K+ channels share a similar ability to transfer the alteration of Ca2+ concentration to membrane conductance of potassium. Multiple effects of Ca2+-activated K+ channels on cell metabolism and complex signaling pathways during organ development have been explored. The organellar Ca2+-activated K+ channels are able to control the ionic equilibrium and are always associated with oxidative stress in different organelles and the whole cells. Some drugs targeting Ca2+-activated K+ channels have been tested for various diseases in clinical trials. In this review, the known roles of organellar Ca2+-activated K+ channels were described, and their effects on different diseases, particularly on diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological diseases were discussed. It was attempted to summarize the currently known operational modes with the involvement of organellar Ca2+-activated K+ channels. This review may assist scholars to more comprehensively understand organellar Ca2+-activated K+ channels and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Svetlana Reilly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Minhang hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Zong P, Yue L. Regulation of Presynaptic Calcium Channels. Adv Neurobiol 2023; 33:171-202. [PMID: 37615867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34229-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), especially Cav2.1 and Cav2.2, are the major mediators of Ca2+ influx at the presynaptic membrane in response to neuron excitation, thereby exerting a predominant control on synaptic transmission. To guarantee the timely and precise release of neurotransmitters at synapses, the activity of presynaptic VGCCs is tightly regulated by a variety of factors, including auxiliary subunits, membrane potential, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), calmodulin (CaM), Ca2+-binding proteins (CaBP), protein kinases, various interacting proteins, alternative splicing events, and genetic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zong
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Zaveri S, Srivastava U, Qu YS, Chahine M, Boutjdir M. Pathophysiology of Ca v1.3 L-type calcium channels in the heart. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1144069. [PMID: 37025382 PMCID: PMC10070707 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1144069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ plays a crucial role in excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac myocytes. Dysfunctional Ca2+ regulation alters the force of contraction and causes cardiac arrhythmias. Ca2+ entry into cardiomyocytes is mediated mainly through L-type Ca2+ channels, leading to the subsequent Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. L-type Ca2+ channels are composed of the conventional Cav1.2, ubiquitously expressed in all heart chambers, and the developmentally regulated Cav1.3, exclusively expressed in the atria, sinoatrial node, and atrioventricular node in the adult heart. As such, Cav1.3 is implicated in the pathogenesis of sinoatrial and atrioventricular node dysfunction as well as atrial fibrillation. More recently, Cav1.3 de novo expression was suggested in heart failure. Here, we review the functional role, expression levels, and regulation of Cav1.3 in the heart, including in the context of cardiac diseases. We believe that the elucidation of the functional and molecular pathways regulating Cav1.3 in the heart will assist in developing novel targeted therapeutic interventions for the aforementioned arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Zaveri
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ujala Srivastava
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yongxia Sarah Qu
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cardiology, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mohamed Chahine
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Mohamed Boutjdir,
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6
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Crossley CA, Rajani V, Yuan Q. Modulation of L-type calcium channels in Alzheimer’s disease: A potential therapeutic target. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:11-20. [PMID: 36514335 PMCID: PMC9719069 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium plays a fundamental role in various signaling pathways and cellular processes in the human organism. In the nervous system, voltage-gated calcium channels such as L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) are critical elements in mediating neurotransmitter release, synaptic integration and plasticity. Dysfunction of LTCCs has been implicated in both aging and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), constituting a key component of calcium hypothesis of AD. As such, LTCCs are a promising drug target in AD. However, due to their structural and functional complexity, the mechanisms by which LTCCs contribute to AD are still unclear. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure, function, and modulation of LTCCs that are the backbone for understanding pathological processes involving LTCCs. We suggest targeting molecular pathways up-regulating LTCCs in AD may be a more promising approach, given the diverse physiological functions of LTCCs and the ineffectiveness of LTCC blockers in clinical studies.
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Key Words
- AC, adenylyl cyclase
- AD, Alzheimer’s Disease
- AHP, afterhyperpolarization
- AR, adrenoceptor
- Aging
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Aβ, β-amyloid
- BIN1, bridging integrator 1
- BTZs, benzothiazepines
- CDF, calcium-dependent facilitation
- CDI, calcium-dependent inactivation
- CaMKII, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
- DHP, dihydropyridine
- L-type calcium channel
- LTCC, L-type calcium channels
- LTD, long-term depression
- LTP, long-term potentiation
- NFT, neurofibrillary tangles
- NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
- PAA, phenylalkylamines
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PKG, protein kinase G
- SFK, Src family kinase
- Tau
- VSD, voltage sensing domain
- β-Amyloid
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Brazda P, Ruiz-Moreno C, Megchelenbrink WL, Timmers HJLM, Stunnenberg HG. Extensive patient-to-patient single nucleus transcriptome heterogeneity in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965168. [PMID: 36046044 PMCID: PMC9421253 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma, neuroendocrine tumor, single cell RNA-sequencing, transcriptome, heterogeneity, SDHB, RET, paraganglinoma; Pheochromocytomas (PC) and paragangliomas (PG) are rare neuroendocrine tumors with varied genetic makeup and are associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and a variable risk of malignancy. The source of the transcriptional heterogeneity of the disease and the underlying biological processes that determine the outcome of PCPG remain largely unclear. We focused on PCPG tumors with germline SDHB and RET mutations, which represent distinct prognostic groups with worse or better prognoses, respectively. We applied single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to tissue samples from 11 patients and found high patient-to-patient transcriptome heterogeneity in neuroendocrine tumor cells. The tumor microenvironment also showed heterogeneous profiles, mainly contributed by macrophages of the immune cell clusters and Schwann cells of the stroma. By performing non-negative matrix factorization, we identified common transcriptional programs active in RET and SDHB, as well as distinct modules, including neuronal development, hormone synthesis and secretion, and DNA replication. Similarities between the transcriptomes of the tumor cells and those of the chromaffin- and precursor cell types suggests different developmental stages at which PC and PG tumors appear to be arrested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Brazda
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cristian Ruiz-Moreno
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wout L. Megchelenbrink
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Henri J. L. M. Timmers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hendrik G. Stunnenberg
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Hendrik G. Stunnenberg,
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Carbone E, Borges R, Eiden LE, García AG, Hernández‐Cruz A. Chromaffin Cells of the Adrenal Medulla: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Disease. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:1443-1502. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Jiang W, Hu W, Ye L, Tian Y, Zhao R, Du J, Shen B, Wang K. Contribution of Apelin-17 to Collateral Circulation Following Cerebral Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 10:298-307. [PMID: 29916125 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Apelin, an essential mediator of homeostasis, is crucially involved in cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic stroke. However, the functional roles of apelin-17 in cerebral collateral circulation and ischemic stroke protection are unknown. Here, we investigated the association between plasma apelin-17 levels and collateral circulation in patients with ischemic stroke and examined the mechanism undergirding the effects of apelin-17 on cerebral artery contraction and ischemic stroke protection in an animal model. Plasma nitric oxide (NO), apelin-17, and apelin-36 levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in ischemic stroke patients with good or poor collateral circulation and in healthy participants. Additionally, the effects of apelin-17 on rat basilar artery contractions (in vitro) and cerebral ischemia (in vivo) were determined using vessel tension measurements and nuclear magnetic resonance, respectively. Patients with good collateral circulation had significantly higher plasma apelin-17 and apelin-36 levels than both patients with poor collateral circulation and healthy participants and plasma NO levels significantly higher than those in healthy participants. In vitro, apelin-17 pretreatment markedly attenuated U46619-induced rat basilar artery contractions in an endothelium-dependent manner. Additionally, NO production or guanylyl cyclase inhibitors abolished the apelin-17 effect on U46619-induced vascular contraction. Intravenous pretreatment of rats with apelin-17 markedly reduced cerebral infarct volume at 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Plasma apelin-17 levels in ischemic stroke patients were positively associated with enhanced collateral circulation, which our animal study data suggested may have resulted from an apelin-17-induced cerebral artery dilation mediated through the NO-cGMP pathway.
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Lee JS, Song DW, Park JH, Kim JO, Cho C, Kim DH. miR-374 promotes myocardial hypertrophy by negatively regulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 signaling. BMB Rep 2018; 50:208-213. [PMID: 27802840 PMCID: PMC5437965 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.4.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an essential cytokine that has functions in the formation of new blood vessels and regression of cardiac hypertrophy. VEGF/VEGF-receptor-1 (VEGFR1) signaling plays a key role in the regression of cardiac hypertrophy, whereas VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling leads to cardiac hypertrophy. In this study, we identified the prohypertrophic role of miR-374 using neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). Our results showed that overexpression of miR-374 activated G protein-coupled receptor-mediated prohypertrophic pathways by the inhibition of VEGFR1-dependent regression pathways. Luciferase assays revealed that miR-374 could directly target the 3'-untranslated regions of VEGFR1 and cGMP-dependent protein kinase-1. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that miR-374 was a novel pro-hypertrophic microRNA functioning to suppress the VEGFR1-mediated regression pathway. [BMB Reports 2017; 50(4): 208-213].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Sub Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Dong Woo Song
- School of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Jei Hyoung Park
- School of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Jin Ock Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Chunghee Cho
- School of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Do Han Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Systems Biology Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
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Chen Y, Granger AJ, Tran T, Saulnier JL, Kirkwood A, Sabatini BL. Endogenous Gαq-Coupled Neuromodulator Receptors Activate Protein Kinase A. Neuron 2017; 96:1070-1083.e5. [PMID: 29154125 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) integrates inputs from G-protein-coupled neuromodulator receptors to modulate synaptic and cellular function. Gαs signaling stimulates PKA activity, whereas Gαi inhibits PKA activity. Gαq, on the other hand, signals through phospholipase C, and it remains unclear whether Gαq-coupled receptors signal to PKA in their native context. Here, using two independent optical reporters of PKA activity in acute mouse hippocampus slices, we show that endogenous Gαq-coupled muscarinic acetylcholine receptors activate PKA. Mechanistically, this effect is mediated by parallel signaling via either calcium or protein kinase C. Furthermore, multiple Gαq-coupled receptors modulate phosphorylation by PKA, a classical Gαs/Gαi effector. Thus, these results highlight PKA as a biochemical integrator of three major types of GPCRs and necessitate reconsideration of classic models used to predict neuronal signaling in response to the large family of Gαq-coupled receptors.
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Fourbon Y, Guéguinou M, Félix R, Constantin B, Uguen A, Fromont G, Lajoie L, Magaud C, Lecomte T, Chamorey E, Chatelier A, Mignen O, Potier-Cartereau M, Chantôme A, Bois P, Vandier C. Ca 2+ protein alpha 1D of CaV1.3 regulates intracellular calcium concentration and migration of colon cancer cells through a non-canonical activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14199. [PMID: 29079724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, CaV, regulate Ca2+ homeostasis in excitable cells following plasma membrane depolarization. Here, we show that the Ca2+ protein α1D of CaV1.3 channel is overexpressed in colorectal cancer biopsies compared to normal tissues. Gene silencing experiments targeting α1D reduced the migration and the basal cytosolic Ca2+ concentration of HCT116 colon cancer cell line and modified the cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations induced by the sodium/calcium exchanger NCX1/3 working in its reverse mode. Interestingly, NCX1/3 regulated membrane potential of HCT116 cells only when α1D was silenced, and blocking NCX1/3 increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and cell migration. However, membrane depolarization did not induce an increase in intracellular Ca2+. Patch-clamp experiments clearly showed that the inward Ca2+ current was absent. Finally, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence studies showed that α1D protein was localized at the plasma membrane, in cytosol and cell nuclei. Altogether, we uncover a novel signaling pathway showing that α1D is involved in the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis and cell migration by a mechanism independent of its plasma membrane canonical function but that involved plasma membrane Na+/Ca2+ exchanger.
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Lingle CJ, Martinez-Espinosa PL, Guarina L, Carbone E. Roles of Na +, Ca 2+, and K + channels in the generation of repetitive firing and rhythmic bursting in adrenal chromaffin cells. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:39-52. [PMID: 28776261 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adrenal chromaffin cells (CCs) are the main source of circulating catecholamines (CAs) that regulate the body response to stress. Release of CAs is controlled neurogenically by the activity of preganglionic sympathetic neurons through trains of action potentials (APs). APs in CCs are generated by robust depolarization following the activation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors that are highly expressed in CCs. Bovine, rat, mouse, and human CCs also express a composite array of Na+, K+, and Ca2+ channels that regulate the resting potential, shape the APs, and set the frequency of AP trains. AP trains of increasing frequency induce enhanced release of CAs. If the primary role of CCs is simply to relay preganglionic nerve commands to CA secretion, why should they express such a diverse set of ion channels? An answer to this comes from recent observations that, like in neurons, CCs undergo complex firing patterns of APs suggesting the existence of an intrinsic CC excitability (non-neurogenically controlled). Recent work has shown that CCs undergo occasional or persistent burst firing elicited by altered physiological conditions or deletion of pore-regulating auxiliary subunits. In this review, we aim to give a rationale to the role of the many ion channel types regulating CC excitability. We will first describe their functional properties and then analyze how they contribute to pacemaking, AP shape, and burst waveforms. We will also furnish clear indications on missing ion conductances that may be involved in pacemaking and highlight the contribution of the crucial channels involved in burst firing.
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Sandoval A, Duran P, Gandini MA, Andrade A, Almanza A, Kaja S, Felix R. Regulation of L-type Ca V1.3 channel activity and insulin secretion by the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Cell Calcium 2017; 66:1-9. [PMID: 28807144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
cGMP is a second messenger widely used in the nervous system and other tissues. One of the major effectors for cGMP is the serine/threonine protein kinase, cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), which catalyzes the phosphorylation of a variety of proteins including ion channels. Previously, it has been shown that the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway inhibits Ca2+ currents in rat vestibular hair cells and chromaffin cells. This current allegedly flow through voltage-gated CaV1.3L-type Ca2+ channels, and is important for controlling vestibular hair cell sensory function and catecholamine secretion, respectively. Here, we show that native L-type channels in the insulin-secreting RIN-m5F cell line, and recombinant CaV1.3 channels heterologously expressed in HEK-293 cells, are regulatory targets of the cGMP-PKG signaling cascade. Our results indicate that the CaVα1 ion-conducting subunit of the CaV1.3 channels is highly expressed in RIN-m5F cells and that the application of 8-Br-cGMP, a membrane-permeable analogue of cGMP, significantly inhibits Ca2+ macroscopic currents and impair insulin release stimulated with high K+. In addition, KT-5823, a specific inhibitor of PKG, prevents the current inhibition generated by 8-Br-cGMP in the heterologous expression system. Interestingly, mutating the putative phosphorylation sites to residues resistant to phosphorylation showed that the relevant PKG sites for CaV1.3 L-type channel regulation centers on two amino acid residues, Ser793 and Ser860, located in the intracellular loop connecting the II and III repeats of the CaVα1 pore-forming subunit of the channel. These findings unveil a novel mechanism for how the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway may regulate CaV1.3 channels and contribute to regulate insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paz Duran
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María A Gandini
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Arturo Andrade
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Angélica Almanza
- Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Simon Kaja
- Department of Ophtalmology and Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University, Chicago, Strich School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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15
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Gao Q, Ge J, Ju Y, Li C, Gao J, Wu M, Zhao S. Roles of L-type calcium channels (Ca V1.2) and the distal C-terminus (DCT) in differentiation and mineralization of rat dental apical papilla stem cells (rSCAPs). Arch Oral Biol 2017; 74:75-81. [PMID: 27918898 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Voltage-gated inward Ca2+ currents (ICa) are triggered by cell depolarization and commonly produce transient increases in the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration. The CaV1.2 distal C-terminus is susceptible to proteolytic cleavage, which yields a truncated CaV1.2 subunit and a cleaved C-terminal fragment (CCt or DCT). Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) has a capacity for differentiation into the odontoblastic-like cells in vitro and dentin forming in vivo, which makes SCAPs advantages in tissue engineering and regenerative endodontic. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CaV1.2 and its distal C-terminal fragment in the odontoblastic differentiation of rat SCAPs (stem cells from the apical papilla). DESIGN In this study, we generated stable CaV1.2 knockdown and DCT over-expressed rSCAPs using short hairpin RNA and DCT gene containing Lentivirus vectors, respectively. The transfected apical papilla cells were induced to differentiate into the odontoblast-like cells, and the expression of markers for odontoblastic differentiation were analyzed by alizarin red staining, Real-time Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blot analysis. RESULTS The knockdown of CaV1.2 and excess expression of DCT both suppressed the expression of DSPP, ALP in mRNA level and the formation of calcium nodules. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CaV1.2 and DCT play important roles in the differentiation of rSCAPs, DCT might act as a transcription factor and regulate the differentiation of rSCAPs.
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16
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Ortiz-Miranda S, Ji R, Jurczyk A, Aryee KE, Mo S, Fletcher T, Shaffer SA, Greiner DL, Bortell R, Gregg RG, Cheng A, Hennings LJ, Rittenhouse AR. A novel transgenic mouse model of lysosomal storage disorder. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G903-G919. [PMID: 27659423 PMCID: PMC5130545 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00313.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Knockout technology has proven useful for delineating functional roles of specific genes. Here we describe and provide an explanation for striking pathology that occurs in a subset of genetically engineered mice expressing a rat CaVβ2a transgene under control of the cardiac α-myosin heavy chain promoter. Lesions were limited to mice homozygous for transgene and independent of native Cacnb2 genomic copy number. Gross findings included an atrophied pancreas; decreased adipose tissue; thickened, orange intestines; and enlarged liver, spleen, and abdominal lymph nodes. Immune cell infiltration and cell engulfment by macrophages were associated with loss of pancreatic acinar cells. Foamy macrophages diffusely infiltrated the small intestine's lamina propria, while similar macrophage aggregates packed liver and splenic red pulp sinusoids. Periodic acid-Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant, iron-negative, Oil Red O-positive, and autofluorescent cytoplasm was indicative of a lipid storage disorder. Electron microscopic analysis revealed liver sinusoids distended by clusters of macrophages containing intracellular myelin "swirls" and hepatocytes with enlarged lysosomes. Additionally, build up of cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and triglycerides, along with changes in liver metabolic enzyme levels, were consistent with a lipid processing defect. Because of this complex pathology, we examined the transgene insertion site. Multiple transgene copies inserted into chromosome 19; at this same site, an approximate 180,000 base pair deletion occurred, ablating cholesterol 25-hydroxylase and partially deleting lysosomal acid lipase and CD95 Loss of gene function can account for the altered lipid processing, along with hypertrophy of the immune system, which define this phenotype, and serendipitously provides a novel mouse model of lysosomal storage disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ortiz-Miranda
- 1Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, Massachusetts; ,2Department of Microbiology & Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts;
| | - Rui Ji
- 3Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics and Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky;
| | - Agata Jurczyk
- 4Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; ,5Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts;
| | - Ken-Edwin Aryee
- 4Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts;
| | - Shunyan Mo
- 6Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; ,7Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; and
| | - Terry Fletcher
- 8Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Scott A. Shaffer
- 6Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; ,7Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; and
| | - Dale L. Greiner
- 4Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; ,5Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts;
| | - Rita Bortell
- 4Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; ,5Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts;
| | - Ronald G. Gregg
- 3Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics and Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky;
| | - Alan Cheng
- 3Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics and Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky;
| | - Leah J. Hennings
- 8Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Ann R. Rittenhouse
- 2Department of Microbiology & Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts;
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17
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Kawaida M, Abe T, Nakanishi T, Miyahara Y, Yamagishi H, Sakamoto M, Yamada T. A case of Timothy syndrome with adrenal medullary dystrophy. Pathol Int 2016; 66:587-592. [PMID: 27593853 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Timothy syndrome (TS) is a congenital long QT syndrome that is associated with syndactyly and mutations in CACNA1C, encoding an L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel, Cav1.2. Recently, TS has been associated with autism and other psychological disorders. This case indicated bradycardia by prenatal screening and was diagnosed as TS by the occurrence of syndactyly and QT prolongation at birth. Despite therapy with anti-arrhythmia reagents and a pacemaker, the patient died 2 months after birth and was autopsied. The heart showed mild dilation and mild hypertrophy with a focal disarray pattern, which may be inconsistent with typical cardiomyopathy. Unexpectedly, bilateral adrenal glands showed marked shrinkage and severe fibrosis of the medulla with a small number of single-strand DNA positive medullary cells and accumulation of hemosiderin-containing macrophages. This finding suggests that CACNA1C mutation may induce drop-out of medulla cells via apoptosis. This may be due to increased concentration of calcium ions consistent with Cav1.2 expression in adrenal glands as well as in the brain and the heart. This is the first report describing a systemic autopsy of TS with adrenal medullary dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kawaida
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Divion of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokiya Abe
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Nakanishi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Miyahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamagishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketo Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyamacho, Iruma, Saitama, Japan.
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18
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Striessnig J, Ortner NJ, Pinggera A. Pharmacology of L-type Calcium Channels: Novel Drugs for Old Targets? Curr Mol Pharmacol 2016; 8:110-22. [PMID: 25966690 PMCID: PMC5384371 DOI: 10.2174/1874467208666150507105845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of voltage-gated L-type calcium channels by organic calcium channel blockers is a well-established pharmacodynamic concept for the treatment of hypertension and cardiac ischemia. Since decades these antihypertensives (such as the dihydropyridines amlodipine, felodipine or nifedipine) belong to the most widely prescribed drugs
world-wide. Their tolerability is excellent because at therapeutic doses their pharmacological effects in humans are limited to the cardiovascular system. During the last years substantial progress has been made to reveal the physiological role of different L-type calcium channel isoforms in many other tissues, including the brain, endocrine and sensory cells.
Moreover, there is accumulating evidence about their involvement in various human diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, neuropsychiatric disorders and hyperaldosteronism. In this review we discuss the pathogenetic role of L-type calcium channels, potential new indications for existing or isoform-selective compounds and strategies to minimize potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Striessnig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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19
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Abstract
Leptin is produced by adipose tissue and identified as a "satiety signal," informing the brain when the body has consumed enough food. Specific areas of the hypothalamus express leptin receptors (LEPRs) and are the primary site of leptin action for body weight regulation. In response to leptin, appetite is suppressed and energy expenditure allowed. Beside this hypothalamic action, leptin targets other brain areas in addition to neuroendocrine cells. LEPRs are expressed also in the hippocampus, neocortex, cerebellum, substantia nigra, pancreatic β-cells, and chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland. It is intriguing how leptin is able to activate different ionic conductances, thus affecting excitability, synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter release, depending on the target cell. Most of the intracellular pathways activated by leptin and directed to ion channels involve PI3K, which in turn phosphorylates different downstream substrates, although parallel pathways involve AMPK and MAPK. In this review we will describe the effects of leptin on BK, KATP, KV, CaV, TRPC, NMDAR and AMPAR channels and clarify the landscape of pathways involved. Given the ability of leptin to influence neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity by modulating ion channels activity, we also provide a short overview of the growing potentiality of leptin as therapeutic agent for treating neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gavello
- a Department of Drug Science , Lab of Cellular Physiology and Molecular Neuroscience, NIS Center of Excellence, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Emilio Carbone
- a Department of Drug Science , Lab of Cellular Physiology and Molecular Neuroscience, NIS Center of Excellence, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Valentina Carabelli
- a Department of Drug Science , Lab of Cellular Physiology and Molecular Neuroscience, NIS Center of Excellence, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
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20
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Ji L, Zhu H, Chen H, Fan W, Chen J, Chen J, Zhu G, Wang J. Modulation of CaV1.2 calcium channel by neuropeptide W regulates vascular myogenic tone via G protein-coupled receptor 7. J Hypertens 2015; 33:2431-42. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Hua R, MacLeod SL, Polina I, Moghtadaei M, Jansen HJ, Bogachev O, O’Blenes SB, Sapp JL, Legare JF, Rose RA. Effects of Wild-Type and Mutant Forms of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide on Atrial Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenesis. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015; 8:1240-54. [DOI: 10.1161/circep.115.002896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone with numerous beneficial cardiovascular effects. Recently, a mutation in the ANP gene, which results in the generation of a mutant form of ANP (mANP), was identified and shown to cause atrial fibrillation in people. The mechanism(s) through which mANP causes atrial fibrillation is unknown. Our objective was to compare the effects of wild-type ANP and mANP on atrial electrophysiology in mice and humans.
Methods and Results—
Action potentials (APs), L-type Ca
2+
currents (
I
Ca,L
), and Na
+
current were recorded in atrial myocytes from wild-type or natriuretic peptide receptor C knockout (NPR-C
−/−
) mice. In mice, ANP and mANP (10–100 nmol/L) had opposing effects on atrial myocyte AP morphology and
I
Ca,L
. ANP increased AP upstroke velocity (
V
max
), AP duration, and
I
Ca,L
similarly in wild-type and NPR-C
−/−
myocytes. In contrast, mANP decreased
V
max
, AP duration, and
I
Ca,L
, and these effects were completely absent in NPR-C
−/−
myocytes. ANP and mANP also had opposing effects on
I
Ca,L
in human atrial myocytes. In contrast, neither ANP nor mANP had any effect on Na
+
current in mouse atrial myocytes. Optical mapping studies in mice demonstrate that ANP sped electric conduction in the atria, whereas mANP did the opposite and slowed atrial conduction. Atrial pacing in the presence of mANP induced arrhythmias in 62.5% of hearts, whereas treatment with ANP completely prevented the occurrence of arrhythmias.
Conclusions—
These findings provide mechanistic insight into how mANP causes atrial fibrillation and demonstrate that wild-type ANP is antiarrhythmic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hua
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (R.H., S.L.M., I.P., M.M., H.J.J., O.B., S.B.O., J.L.S., R.A.R.), IWK Health Centre (S.B.O.), Department of Surgery (S.B.O., J.-F.L.), Division of Cardiology (J.L.S.), School of Biomedical Engineering (R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sarah L. MacLeod
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (R.H., S.L.M., I.P., M.M., H.J.J., O.B., S.B.O., J.L.S., R.A.R.), IWK Health Centre (S.B.O.), Department of Surgery (S.B.O., J.-F.L.), Division of Cardiology (J.L.S.), School of Biomedical Engineering (R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Iuliia Polina
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (R.H., S.L.M., I.P., M.M., H.J.J., O.B., S.B.O., J.L.S., R.A.R.), IWK Health Centre (S.B.O.), Department of Surgery (S.B.O., J.-F.L.), Division of Cardiology (J.L.S.), School of Biomedical Engineering (R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Motahareh Moghtadaei
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (R.H., S.L.M., I.P., M.M., H.J.J., O.B., S.B.O., J.L.S., R.A.R.), IWK Health Centre (S.B.O.), Department of Surgery (S.B.O., J.-F.L.), Division of Cardiology (J.L.S.), School of Biomedical Engineering (R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hailey J. Jansen
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (R.H., S.L.M., I.P., M.M., H.J.J., O.B., S.B.O., J.L.S., R.A.R.), IWK Health Centre (S.B.O.), Department of Surgery (S.B.O., J.-F.L.), Division of Cardiology (J.L.S.), School of Biomedical Engineering (R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Oleg Bogachev
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (R.H., S.L.M., I.P., M.M., H.J.J., O.B., S.B.O., J.L.S., R.A.R.), IWK Health Centre (S.B.O.), Department of Surgery (S.B.O., J.-F.L.), Division of Cardiology (J.L.S.), School of Biomedical Engineering (R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Stacy B. O’Blenes
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (R.H., S.L.M., I.P., M.M., H.J.J., O.B., S.B.O., J.L.S., R.A.R.), IWK Health Centre (S.B.O.), Department of Surgery (S.B.O., J.-F.L.), Division of Cardiology (J.L.S.), School of Biomedical Engineering (R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - John L. Sapp
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (R.H., S.L.M., I.P., M.M., H.J.J., O.B., S.B.O., J.L.S., R.A.R.), IWK Health Centre (S.B.O.), Department of Surgery (S.B.O., J.-F.L.), Division of Cardiology (J.L.S.), School of Biomedical Engineering (R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Legare
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (R.H., S.L.M., I.P., M.M., H.J.J., O.B., S.B.O., J.L.S., R.A.R.), IWK Health Centre (S.B.O.), Department of Surgery (S.B.O., J.-F.L.), Division of Cardiology (J.L.S.), School of Biomedical Engineering (R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert A. Rose
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics (R.H., S.L.M., I.P., M.M., H.J.J., O.B., S.B.O., J.L.S., R.A.R.), IWK Health Centre (S.B.O.), Department of Surgery (S.B.O., J.-F.L.), Division of Cardiology (J.L.S.), School of Biomedical Engineering (R.A.R.), Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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22
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Zhong W, Yang J, Cao Q, Huan X. Association between miR-181b and PKG 1 in myocardial hypertrophy and its clinical implications. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:857-862. [PMID: 26622405 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the microRNA (miR)-181b expression in myocardial hypertrophy and to investigate its association with cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (PKG 1) in an in vitro model. The miR-181b level in the peripheral blood was determined in patients with myocardial hypertrophy, and an in vitro model was established via phenylephrine (PE) treatment. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and western blotting were performed to detect the expression levels of miR-181b, PKG 1 and hypertrophy-related genes. The results revealed that the expression of miR-181b was elevated in the peripheral blood of patients with myocardial hypertrophy, and this may have contributed to the pathology and progression of the disease. When the primary myocardial cells were treated with PE, microscopic observation and flow cytometry revealed significant hypertrophy. Furthermore, upregulation of myocardial hypertrophy-related genes, including β-myosin heavy chain, α-sarcomeric actinin and atrial natriuretic peptide, was observed. The miR-181b expression level in the PE-treated cells was elevated, while the mRNA and protein expression levels of PKG 1 were decreased, indicating a negative correlation between miR-181b and PKG 1 in myocardial hypertrophy. In addition, when the PE-treated primary myocardial cells were transfected with miR-181b inhibitor, the reduced PKG 1 expression was restored and the myocardial hypertrophy alleviated, as indicated by the reduced cellular sizes and decreased expression levels of the myocardial hypertrophy-related genes. In conclusion, miR-181b expression has been shown to be upregulated in myocardial hypertrophy, and this may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease by regulating the expression of PKG 1. The present findings suggest that miR-181b is a promising molecular indicator for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhong
- Cadre Ward, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Zaozhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Huan
- Cadre Ward, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
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23
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Martinez-Espinosa PL, Yang C, Gonzalez-Perez V, Xia XM, Lingle CJ. Knockout of the BK β2 subunit abolishes inactivation of BK currents in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells and results in slow-wave burst activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 144:275-95. [PMID: 25267913 PMCID: PMC4178941 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201411253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromaffin cells from mice lacking the BK β2 subunit show decreased action potential firing during current injection but an increase in spontaneous burst firing. Rat and mouse adrenal medullary chromaffin cells (CCs) express an inactivating BK current. This inactivation is thought to arise from the assembly of up to four β2 auxiliary subunits (encoded by the kcnmb2 gene) with a tetramer of pore-forming Slo1 α subunits. Although the physiological consequences of inactivation remain unclear, differences in depolarization-evoked firing among CCs have been proposed to arise from the ability of β2 subunits to shift the range of BK channel activation. To investigate the role of BK channels containing β2 subunits, we generated mice in which the gene encoding β2 was deleted (β2 knockout [KO]). Comparison of proteins from wild-type (WT) and β2 KO mice allowed unambiguous demonstration of the presence of β2 subunit in various tissues and its coassembly with the Slo1 α subunit. We compared current properties and cell firing properties of WT and β2 KO CCs in slices and found that β2 KO abolished inactivation, slowed action potential (AP) repolarization, and, during constant current injection, decreased AP firing. These results support the idea that the β2-mediated shift of the BK channel activation range affects repetitive firing and AP properties. Unexpectedly, CCs from β2 KO mice show an increased tendency toward spontaneous burst firing, suggesting that the particular properties of BK channels in the absence of β2 subunits may predispose to burst firing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Martinez-Espinosa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Chengtao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Vivian Gonzalez-Perez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Xiao-Ming Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Christopher J Lingle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
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24
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Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels are the primary mediators of depolarization-induced calcium entry into neurons. There is great diversity of calcium channel subtypes due to multiple genes that encode calcium channel α1 subunits, coassembly with a variety of ancillary calcium channel subunits, and alternative splicing. This allows these channels to fulfill highly specialized roles in specific neuronal subtypes and at particular subcellular loci. While calcium channels are of critical importance to brain function, their inappropriate expression or dysfunction gives rise to a variety of neurological disorders, including, pain, epilepsy, migraine, and ataxia. This Review discusses salient aspects of voltage-gated calcium channel function, physiology, and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Simms
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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25
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Popescu GK. Dynamic plasticity of NMDA receptor-mediated calcium entry in neurons exposed to HIV-tat. J Neurochem 2014; 130:609-11. [PMID: 24785658 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela K Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA
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26
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Lewis BB, Miller LE, Herbst WA, Saha MS. The role of voltage-gated calcium channels in neurotransmitter phenotype specification: Coexpression and functional analysis in Xenopus laevis. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2518-31. [PMID: 24477801 PMCID: PMC4043876 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calcium activity has been implicated in many neurodevelopmental events, including the specification of neurotransmitter phenotypes. Higher levels of calcium activity lead to an increased number of inhibitory neural phenotypes, whereas lower levels of calcium activity lead to excitatory neural phenotypes. Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) allow for rapid calcium entry and are expressed during early neural stages, making them likely regulators of activity-dependent neurotransmitter phenotype specification. To test this hypothesis, multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to characterize the coexpression of eight VGCC α1 subunits with the excitatory and inhibitory neural markers xVGlut1 and xVIAAT in Xenopus laevis embryos. VGCC coexpression was higher with xVGlut1 than xVIAAT, especially in the hindbrain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves. Calcium activity was also analyzed on a single-cell level, and spike frequency was correlated with the expression of VGCC α1 subunits in cell culture. Cells expressing Cav2.1 and Cav2.2 displayed increased calcium spiking compared with cells not expressing this marker. The VGCC antagonist diltiazem and agonist (−)BayK 8644 were used to manipulate calcium activity. Diltiazem exposure increased the number of glutamatergic cells and decreased the number of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic cells, whereas (−)BayK 8644 exposure decreased the number of glutamatergic cells without having an effect on the number of GABAergic cells. Given that the expression and functional manipulation of VGCCs are correlated with neurotransmitter phenotype in some, but not all, experiments, VGCCs likely act in combination with a variety of other signaling factors to determine neuronal phenotype specification. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2518–2531, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany B Lewis
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 23185
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27
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Ahuja M, Jha A, Maléth J, Park S, Muallem S. cAMP and Ca²⁺ signaling in secretory epithelia: crosstalk and synergism. Cell Calcium 2014; 55:385-93. [PMID: 24613710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Ca(2+) and cAMP/PKA pathways are the primary signaling systems in secretory epithelia that control virtually all secretory gland functions. Interaction and crosstalk in Ca(2+) and cAMP signaling occur at multiple levels to control and tune the activity of each other. Physiologically, Ca(2+) and cAMP signaling operate at 5-10% of maximal strength, but synergize to generate the maximal response. Although synergistic action of the Ca(2+) and cAMP signaling is the common mode of signaling and has been known for many years, we know very little of the molecular mechanism and mediators of the synergism. In this review, we discuss crosstalk between the Ca(2+) and cAMP signaling and the function of IRBIT (IP3 receptors binding protein release with IP3) as a third messenger that mediates the synergistic action of the Ca(2+) and cAMP signaling.
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28
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Lipscombe D, Allen SE, Toro CP. Control of neuronal voltage-gated calcium ion channels from RNA to protein. Trends Neurosci 2013; 36:598-609. [PMID: 23907011 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium ion (CaV) channels convert neuronal activity into rapid intracellular calcium signals to trigger a myriad of cellular responses. Their involvement in major neurological and psychiatric diseases, and importance as therapeutic targets, has propelled interest in subcellular-specific mechanisms that align CaV channel activity to specific tasks. Here, we highlight recent studies that delineate mechanisms controlling the expression of CaV channels at the level of RNA and protein. We discuss the roles of RNA editing and alternative pre-mRNA splicing in generating CaV channel isoforms with activities specific to the demands of individual cells; the roles of ubiquitination and accessory proteins in regulating CaV channel expression; and the specific binding partners that contribute to both pre- and postsynaptic CaV channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Lipscombe
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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