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Tai H, Guo Q, Zhao J, Liu Y, Yu H, Liu Y, Qu Y, Du G, Li R. A thermostable xylanase hydrolyzes several polysaccharides from Bacillus altitudinis JYY-02 showing promise for industrial applications. Carbohydr Res 2024; 538:109080. [PMID: 38513464 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides have attracted immense attention as the largest source of bioactive compounds. Its bioavailability and bioactivity can be improved by utilizing degradation enzymes to reduce their molecular weight and viscosity. In this study, a 654 bp gene encoding xylanase was screened from the genome of Bacillus altitudinis JYY-02 and overexpressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3). The recombinant xylanase with a molecular weight of 27.98 kDa was purified (11.7-fold) using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, with a 43.6% final yield. Through molecular docking, Glu, Arg, Tyr, and Trp were found to be the main amino acids involved in the interaction between xylanase and xylobiose. The effects of pH, temperature, metal ions, and substrates on xylanase activity were determined, and the results showed that the highest catalytic activity was displayed at pH 6.5, 50 °C temperature, with Cu2+ as an activator and xylan as the substrate. The Km (substrate concentration that yields a half-maximal velocity) and Vmax (maximum velocity) of recombinant xylanase were 6.876 mg/mL and 10984.183 μmol/mg∙pr/min, respectively. The recombinant xylanase was thermostable, with 85% and 39% of the enzymatic activity retained after 1 h at 60 °C and 1 h at 90 °C, respectively. The recombinant xylanase demonstrated a significant clarifying effect on fruit juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzheng Tai
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Qunqun Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yandong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yili Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yifan Qu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Guicai Du
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Ronggui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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Fang K, Ma J, Wang X, Xu Z, Zhang Z, Li P, Wang R, Wang J, Sun C, Dong Z. Flow-cytometric cell sorting coupled with UV mutagenesis for improving pectin lyase expression. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1251342. [PMID: 37720319 PMCID: PMC10502208 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1251342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alkaline pectin lyase is an important enzyme with a wide range of applications in industrial production, It has been widely used in many important fields such as fruit juice processing and extraction, the dyeing and processing of cotton and linen textiles, degumming plant fibers, environmental industrial wastewater treatment, and pulp and paper production. PGLA-rep4 was previously generated as a modified alkaline pectin lyase with high specific activity at pH 11.0°C and 70°C. However, the pre-constructed high-activity pectin lyase expression strains are still difficult to apply in industrial production due to their limited enzymatic activity. We hope to solve these problems by combining modern breeding techniques with high-throughput equipment to rapidly screen alkaline pectin lyase with higher enzymatic activity and lower cost. Methods: We fused the genes encoding PGLA-rep4 and fluorescent protein egfp using a flexible linker peptide and ligated them into a temperature-sensitive plasmid, pKD46. The constructed screening plasmid pKD46-PGLA-rep4-egfp was then transformed into an expression host and screened via flow-cytometric cell sorting coupled with UV mutagenesis. Results: Following mutagenesis, primary screening, and secondary screening, the high-expression strain, named Escherichia coli BL21/1G3, was obtained. The screening plasmid pKD46-PGLA-rep4-egfp was eliminated, and the original expression plasmid pET28a-PGLA-rep4 was then retransformed into the mutant strains. After induction and fermentation, pectin lyase activity in E. coli BL21/1G3 was significantly increased (1.37-fold relative to that in the parental E. coli BL21/PGLA-rep4 strain, p < 0.001), and the highest activity was 230, 240 U/mL at 144 h. Genome sequencing revealed that genes encoding ribonuclease E (RNase E) and diadenosine tetraphosphatase (ApaH) of E. coli BL21/1G3 were mutated compared to the sequence in the original E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain, which could be associated with increased enzyme expression. Discussion: Our work provides an effective method for the construction of strains expressing pectin lyase at high levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Piwu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
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MOTTA JFG, FREITAS BCBD, ALMEIDA AFD, MARTINS GADS, BORGES SV. Use of enzymes in the food industry: a review. Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.106222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Li PW, Ma J, Wei XF, Zhang ZY, Wang RM, Xiao J, Wang JQ. Modification and application of highly active alkaline pectin lyase. AMB Express 2022; 12:130. [PMID: 36210372 PMCID: PMC9548460 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline pectate lyase has developmental prospects in the textile, pulp, paper, and food industries. In this study, we selected BacPelA, the pectin lyase with the highest expression activity from Bacillus clausii, modified and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Through fragment replacement, the catalytic activity of the enzyme was significantly improved. The optimum pH and temperature of the modified pectin lyase (PGLA-rep4) were 11.0 and 70 °C, respectively. It also exhibited a superior ability to cleave methylated pectin. The enzyme activity of PGLA-rep4, measured at 235 nm with 0.2% apple pectin as the substrate, was 554.0 U/mL, and the specific enzyme activity after purification using a nickel column was 822.9 U/mg. After approximately 20 ns of molecular dynamics simulation, the structure of the pectin lyase PGLA-rep4 tended to be stable. The root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) values at the key catalytically active site, LYS168, were higher than those of the wildtype PGLA. In addition, PGLA-rep4 was relatively stable in the presence of metal ions. PGLA-rep4 has good enzymatic properties and activities and maintains a high pH and temperature. This study provides a successful strategy for enhancing the catalytic activity of PGLA-rep4, making it the ultimate candidate for degumming and various uses in the pulp, paper, and textile industries.
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Zhang X, Guo J, Ma Y, Lyu L, Ji Y, Guo Y, Hao X. Green Degumming Technology of Hemp and a Comparison between Chemical and Biological Degumming. ACS Omega 2021; 6:35067-35075. [PMID: 34963988 PMCID: PMC8697592 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides an efficient and environmentally friendly biochemical degumming method for hemp fiber, which can address the problems of high temperature, high pressure, and extreme pollution of the traditional chemical method and the harsh reaction conditions of biological degumming, such as a long reaction time and pH. In the biochemical method, dilute solutions of alkali pectinase lyase and chemical additives were used to process the hemp fiber and then the fiber composition and structure were investigated. A comparison of the chemical, biological, and biochemical degumming methods shows that the biochemical method can replace the chemical one causing a similar degumming effect, both being better than the biological method. The best proportion of the biochemical solution was found to be 1.5% alkali pectinase lyase, and for chemical auxiliaries the total amount of alkali was ≤0.4% and the total amount of salt was ≤0.8%. The best conditions of the biochemical degumming process were determined to be a bath ratio of 1:10, reaction temperature of 60 °C, and the time of 60 min. After degumming, the composition of the fiber was as follows: lignin 3.69%, pectin 4.09%, hemicellulose 13.34%, and cellulose 78.87%. The fiber quality index of fibers dealt by the biochemical method shows that the linear density was 4.66 dtex, length was 35.6 mm, and fracture strength was 64.5 cN/dtex, which were higher than those treated by the chemical method. This shows that the biological degumming method can be a green degumming method with higher efficiency, lower consumption, and pollution, as well as has a broad application scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School
of Textile and Material Technology, Dalian
Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan No. 1, Ganjingzi district, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jing Guo
- School
of Textile and Material Technology, Dalian
Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan No. 1, Ganjingzi district, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School
of Textile and Material Technology, Dalian
Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan No. 1, Ganjingzi district, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Lihua Lyu
- School
of Textile and Material Technology, Dalian
Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan No. 1, Ganjingzi district, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yingchao Ji
- School
of Textile and Material Technology, Dalian
Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan No. 1, Ganjingzi district, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yafei Guo
- Quartermaster
Engineering Technology Institute, Academy
of Military Sciences, North Ave. No. 28, Xizhimen, Haidian District, Beijing 100082, China
| | - Xinmin Hao
- Quartermaster
Engineering Technology Institute, Academy
of Military Sciences, North Ave. No. 28, Xizhimen, Haidian District, Beijing 100082, China
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Zheng L, Guo Z, Cao S, Zhu B. Elucidating the degradation pattern of a new cold-tolerant pectate lyase used for efficient preparation of pectin oligosaccharides. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:121. [PMID: 38650291 PMCID: PMC10992097 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The cold-active pectate lyases have drawn increasing attention in food and biotechnological applications due to their ability to retain high catalytic efficiency under lower temperatures, which could be helpful for energy saving, cost reduction and flavor preservation. Herein, a new cold-tolerant pectate lyase (ErPelPL1) gene from Echinicola rosea was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Interestingly, ErPelPL1 retained high catalytic activity even at a low temperature (4 °C). ErPelPL1 exhibited optimal activity at 35 ℃, pH 8.0 with 1 mM of Ca2+. It showed high specific activity towards polygalacturonic acid (34.7 U/mg) and sodium polygalacturonate (59.3 U/mg). The combined thin-layer chromatography (TLC), fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) results indicated that ErPelPL1 endolytically degraded pectic substances into the oligosaccharides with degrees of depolymerization (Dps) of 1-6. In conclusion, this study mainly conducted biochemical characterization and product analysis of a cold-tolerant pectate lyase. Therefore, it provides a promising enzyme candidate for food and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zheng
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zilong Guo
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Shengsheng Cao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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Ahmed J, Thakur A, Goyal A. Emerging trends on the role of recombinant pectinolytic enzymes in industries- an overview. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zheng L, Xu Y, Li Q, Zhu B. Pectinolytic lyases: a comprehensive review of sources, category, property, structure, and catalytic mechanism of pectate lyases and pectin lyases. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:79. [PMID: 38650254 PMCID: PMC10992409 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectate lyases and pectin lyases have essential roles in various biotechnological applications, such as textile industry, paper making, pectic wastewater pretreatment, juice clarification and oil extraction. They can effectively cleave the α-1,4-glycosidic bond of pectin molecules back bone by β-elimination reaction to produce pectin oligosaccharides. In this way, it will not generate highly toxic methanol and has the advantages of good enzymatic selectivity, less by-products, mild reaction conditions and high efficiency. However, numerous researches have been done for several decades; there are still no comprehensive reviews to summarize the recent advances of pectate lyases and pectin lyases. This review tries to fill this gap by providing all relevant information, including the substrate, origin, biochemical properties, sequence analysis, mode of action, the three-dimensional structure and catalytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zheng
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yinxiao Xu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Benwei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China.
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Doan CT, Chen CL, Nguyen VB, Tran TN, Nguyen AD, Wang SL. Conversion of Pectin-Containing By-Products to Pectinases by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Its Applications on Hydrolyzing Banana Peels for Prebiotics Production. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091483. [PMID: 34064519 PMCID: PMC8124133 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of pectin-containing by-products may be useful in a variety of fields. This study aims to establish the processing of pectin-containing by-products to produce pectinases using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TKU050 strain. In this study, several kinds of agricultural pectin-containing by-products from banana (banana peel), rice (rice bran), orange (orange peel), coffee (spent coffee grounds), and wheat (wheat bran) were utilized to provide carbon sources for the production of a pectinase by B. amyloliquefaciens TKU050. B. amyloliquefaciens TKU050 expressed the highest pectinase productivity (0.76 U/mL) on 0.5% wheat bran-containing medium at 37°C for four days. A 58 kDa pectinase was purified from the four-day cultured medium fermented under optimized culture conditions with 7.24% of a recovery ratio and 0.51 U/mg of specific activity, respectively. The optimum temperature, optimum pH, thermal stability, and pH stability of the TKU050 pectinase were 50 °C, pH 6, <50 °C, and pH 6–9, respectively. The TKU050 pectinase was inhibited by sodium dodecyl sulfate and Cu2+. The reducing sugar obtained by hydrolyzing banana peel with TKU050 pectinase showed the growth-enhancing effect on the growth of four tested lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Thang Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (C.-L.C.); (T.N.T.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam
| | - Chien-Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (C.-L.C.); (T.N.T.)
| | - Van Bon Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (V.B.N.); (A.D.N.)
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (C.-L.C.); (T.N.T.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (V.B.N.); (A.D.N.)
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (C.-L.C.); (T.N.T.)
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2621-5656; Fax: +886-2-2620-9924
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Farrag AA, El-haw MH, Al-bokhomy AA. Biochemical and Biotechnological Studies on Xylanase and β‐xylosidase Enzymes Produced by Trichoderma viride Under Solid State Fermentation. J Pure Appl Microbiol 2021; 15:138-154. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.1.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study concerns with enhancement of xylanase and β-xylosidase activities from lignocellulosic materials by soil derived fungi Trichoderma viride under solid state fermentation (SSF). Xylanase and β-xylosidase activities were found to affected by variety of factors. In this study, some agricultural wastes were selected and used as sources for carbon. Sugar beet pulp (SBP) was at the forefront of these types. Also, various sources for nitrogen were selected to determine the best one. Yeast extract was the best organic source. Maximum xylanase activity took place by using inoculum size 1.8 × 105 spores / ml at 30°C when the pH was 5.5 for eight days of incubation with the addition of 0.1 % of Tween 40. Moreover, spores of Trichoderma viride were irradiated with gamma–rays. The maximum activity was observed upon using 0.7 kilo-gray (kGy). Furthermore, mixed cultures of Trichoderma viride and Penicillium janthenellum (wt / wt) were enhanced xylanase degrading capability. From another standpoint, ammonium sulphate and gel filtration chromatography were the best methods for xylanase purification. Characterizations of the purified enzyme were also selected and studied. It was found that, β-xylosidase enzyme exhibited its maximum activity and stability when the pH was 6 at 40°C by the addition of CaCl2 metal ion. On the other hand, total protein contents and volatile constituents of Trichoderma viride and Penicillium janthenellum were separated and investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. It was found that, total protein contents for Trichoderma viride and Penicillium janthenellum were represented by fifteen and sixteen amino acids respectively. Also,29 compounds of the total volatile compounds for both Trichoderma viride and Penicillium janthenellum were identified. On the practical and applied field, crude enzyme was a good analyzer for agricultural residues as well showed antifungal and antibacterial effects.
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