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Lisec B, Bozic T, Santek I, Markelc B, Vrecl M, Frangez R, Cemazar M. Characterization of two distinct immortalized endothelial cell lines, EA.hy926 and HMEC-1, for in vitro studies: exploring the impact of calcium electroporation, Ca 2+ signaling and transcriptomic profiles. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:118. [PMID: 38347539 PMCID: PMC10863159 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis after calcium electroporation (CaEP) in tumors has been shown to elicit an enhanced antitumor effect with varying impacts on healthy tissue, such as endothelium. Therefore, our study aimed to determine differences in Ca2+ kinetics and gene expression involved in the regulation of Ca2+ signaling and homeostasis, as well as effects of CaEP on cytoskeleton and adherens junctions of the established endothelial cell lines EA.hy926 and HMEC-1. METHODS CaEP was performed on EA.hy926 and HMEC-1 cells with increasing Ca2+ concentrations. Viability after CaEP was assessed using Presto Blue, while the effect on cytoskeleton and adherens junctions was evaluated via immunofluorescence staining (F-actin, α-tubulin, VE-cadherin). Differences in intracellular Ca2+ regulation ([Ca2+]i) were determined with spectrofluorometric measurements using Fura-2-AM, exposing cells to DPBS, ionomycin, thapsigargin, ATP, bradykinin, angiotensin II, acetylcholine, LaCl3, and GdCl3. Molecular distinctions were identified by analyzing differentially expressed genes and pathways related to the cytoskeleton and Ca2+ signaling through RNA sequencing. RESULTS EA.hy926 cells, at increasing Ca2+ concentrations, displayed higher CaEP susceptibility and lower survival than HMEC-1. Immunofluorescence confirmed CaEP-induced, time- and Ca2+-dependent morphological changes in EA.hy926's actin filaments, microtubules, and cell-cell junctions. Spectrofluorometric Ca2+ kinetics showed higher amplitudes in Ca2+ responses in EA.hy926 exposed to buffer, G protein coupled receptor agonists, bradykinin, and angiotensin II compared to HMEC-1. HMEC-1 exhibited significantly higher [Ca2+]i changes after ionomycin exposure, while responses to thapsigargin, ATP, and acetylcholine were similar in both cell lines. ATP without extracellular Ca2+ ions induced a significantly higher [Ca2+]i rise in EA.hy926, suggesting purinergic ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptor activation. RNA-sequencing analysis showed significant differences in cytoskeleton- and Ca2+-related gene expression, highlighting upregulation of ORAI2, TRPC1, TRPM2, CNGA3, TRPM6, and downregulation of TRPV4 and TRPC4 in EA.hy926 versus HMEC-1. Moreover, KEGG analysis showed upregulated Ca2+ import and downregulated export genes in EA.hy926. CONCLUSIONS Our finding show that significant differences in CaEP response and [Ca2+]i regulation exist between EA.hy926 and HMEC-1, which may be attributed to distinct transcriptomic profiles. EA.hy926, compared to HMEC-1, displayed higher susceptibility and sensitivity to [Ca2+]i changes, which may be linked to overexpression of Ca2+-related genes and an inability to mitigate changes in [Ca2+]i. The study offers a bioinformatic basis for selecting EC models based on research objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lisec
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tim Bozic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iva Santek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Frangez
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310, Izola, Slovenia.
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Tsimpaki T, Anastasova R, Liu H, Seitz B, Bechrakis NE, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U, Kraemer MM, Fiorentzis M. Calcium Electroporation versus Electrochemotherapy with Bleomycin in an In Vivo CAM-Based Uveal Melanoma Xenograft Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:938. [PMID: 38256012 PMCID: PMC10815639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of uveal melanoma (UM), its metastatic rate remains high and is accompanied by a highly dismal prognosis, constituting an unmet need for the development of novel adjuvant therapeutic strategies. We established an in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM)-based UM xenograft model from UPMD2 and UPMM3 cell lines to examine its feasibility for the improvement of selection of drug candidates. The efficacy of calcium electroporation (CaEP) with 5 or 10 mM calcium chloride (Ca) and electrochemotherapy (ECT) with 1 or 2.5 µg/mL bleomycin in comparison to monotherapy with the tested drug or electroporation (EP) alone was investigated on the generated UM tumors. CaEP and ECT showed a similar reduction of proliferation and melanocytic expansion with a dose-dependent effect for bleomycin, whereas CaEP induced a significant increase of the apoptosis and a reduction of vascularization with varying sensitivity for the two xenograft types. Our in vivo results suggest that CaEP and ECT may facilitate the adequate local tumor control and contribute to the preservation of the bulbus, potentially opening new horizons in the adjuvant treatment of advanced UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Tsimpaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.T.); (R.A.); (H.L.); (N.E.B.); (U.B.-P.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Ralitsa Anastasova
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.T.); (R.A.); (H.L.); (N.E.B.); (U.B.-P.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.T.); (R.A.); (H.L.); (N.E.B.); (U.B.-P.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Nikolaos E. Bechrakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.T.); (R.A.); (H.L.); (N.E.B.); (U.B.-P.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Utta Berchner-Pfannschmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.T.); (R.A.); (H.L.); (N.E.B.); (U.B.-P.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Miriam M. Kraemer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.T.); (R.A.); (H.L.); (N.E.B.); (U.B.-P.); (M.M.K.)
| | - Miltiadis Fiorentzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.T.); (R.A.); (H.L.); (N.E.B.); (U.B.-P.); (M.M.K.)
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Wang Y, Ma R, Huang Z, Zhou Y, Wang K, Xiao Z, Guo Q, Yang D, Han M, Shen S, Qian J, Gao X, Liu Z, Zhou L, Yin S, Zheng S. Investigation of lethal thresholds of nanosecond pulsed electric field in rabbit VX2 hepatic tumors through finite element analysis and verification with a single-needle bipolar electrode: A prospective strategy employing three-dimensional comparisons. Comput Biol Med 2024; 168:107824. [PMID: 38086143 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Pulsed electric field has emerged as a promising modality for the solid tumor ablation with the advantage in treatment planning, however, the accurate prediction of the lesion margin requires the determination of the lethal electric field (E) thresholds. Herein we employ the highly repetitive nanosecond pulsed electric field (RnsPEF) to ablate the normal and VX2 tumor-bearing livers of rabbits. The ultrasound-guided surgery is operated using the conventional double- and newly devised single-needle bipolar electrodes. Finite element analysis is also introduced to simulate the E distribution in the practical treatments. Two- and three-dimensional investigations are performed on the image measurements and reconstructed calcification models on micro-CT, respectively. Specially, an algorithm considering the model surface, volume and shape is employed to compare the similarities between the simulative and experimental models. Blood vessel injury, temperature and synergistic efficacy with doxorubicin (DOX) are also investigated. According to the three-dimensional calculation, the overall E threshold is 4536.4 ± 618.2 V/cm and the single-needle bipolar electrode is verified to be effective in tissue ablation. Vessels are well preserved and the increment of temperature is limited. Synergy of RnsPEF and DOX shows increased apoptosis and improved long-term tumor survival. Our study presents a prospective strategy for the evaluation of the lethal E threshold, which can be considered to guide the future clinical treatment planning for RnsPEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Organ Transplantation Research (Ministry of Health), First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Rongwei Ma
- Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shulan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Organ Transplantation Research (Ministry of Health), First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Minning and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221008, China
| | - Zhoufang Xiao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Shulan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shulan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Mingchen Han
- College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Minning and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221008, China
| | - Shuwei Shen
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Junjie Qian
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Organ Transplantation Research (Ministry of Health), First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Xingxing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Organ Transplantation Research (Ministry of Health), First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Organ Transplantation Research (Ministry of Health), First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Shengyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Organ Transplantation Research (Ministry of Health), First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China.
| | - Shunsen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Multi-Organ Transplantation Research (Ministry of Health), First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China; Department of Ultrasound, Shulan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China.
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Rembiałkowska N, Szlasa W, Radzevičiūtė-Valčiukė E, Kulbacka J, Novickij V. Negative effects of cancellation during nanosecond range High-Frequency calcium based electrochemotherapy in vitro. Int J Pharm 2023; 648:123611. [PMID: 37977287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery using nanosecond pulsed electric fields is a new branch of electroporation-based treatments, which potentially can substitute European standard operating procedures for electrochemotherapy. In this work, for the first time, we characterize the effects of ultra-fast repetition frequency (1-2.5 MHz) nanosecond pulses (5-9 kV/cm, 200 and 400 ns) in the context of nano-electrochemotherapy with calcium. Additionally, we investigate the feasibility of bipolar symmetric (↑200 ns + ↓200 ns) and asymmetric (↑200 ns + ↓400 ns) nanosecond protocols for calcium delivery. The effects of bipolar cancellation and the influence of interphase delay (200 ns) are overviewed. Human lung cancer cell lines A549 and H69AR were used as a model. It was shown that unipolar pulses delivered at high frequency are effective for electrochemotherapy with a significant improvement in efficiency when the delay between separate pulses is reduced. Bipolar symmetric pulses trigger the cancellation phenomenon limiting applications for drug delivery and can be compensated by the asymmetry of the pulse (↑200 ns + ↓400 ns or ↑400 ns + ↓200 ns). The results of this study can be successfully used to derive a new generation of nsPEF protocols for successful electrochemotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Rembiałkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Szlasa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eivina Radzevičiūtė-Valčiukė
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania; State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania; State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Bieżuńska-Kusiak K, Kulbacka J, Choromańska A, Rembiałkowska N, Michel O, Saczko J. Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity of Calcium Ions Introduced into Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells MCF-7/WT and MCF-7/DOX by Electroporation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:809. [PMID: 37375757 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer ranks among the top three most common malignant neoplasms in Poland. The use of calcium ion-assisted electroporation is an alternative approach to the classic treatment of this disease. The studies conducted in recent years confirm the effectiveness of electroporation with calcium ions. Electroporation is a method that uses short electrical pulses to create transitional pores in the cell membrane to allow the penetration of certain drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effects of electroporation alone and calcium ion-assisted electroporation on human mammary adenocarcinoma cells that are sensitive (MCF-7/WT) and resistant to doxorubicin (MCF-7/DOX). The cell viability was assessed using independent tests: MTT and SRB. The type of cell death after the applied therapy was determined by TUNEL and flow cytometry (FACS) methods. The expression of Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 proteins of T-type voltage-gated calcium channels was assessed by immunocytochemistry, and changes in the morphology of CaEP-treated cells were visualized using a holotomographic microscope. The obtained results confirmed the effectiveness of the investigated therapeutic method. The results of the work constitute a good basis for planning research at the in vivo level and in the future to develop a more effective and safer method of breast cancer treatment for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bieżuńska-Kusiak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Anna Choromańska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Nina Rembiałkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Olga Michel
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Lisec B, Markelc B, Ursic Valentinuzzi K, Sersa G, Cemazar M. The effectiveness of calcium electroporation combined with gene electrotransfer of a plasmid encoding IL-12 is tumor type-dependent. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1189960. [PMID: 37304301 PMCID: PMC10247961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1189960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In calcium electroporation (CaEP), electroporation enables the cellular uptake of supraphysiological concentrations of Ca2+, causing the induction of cell death. The effectiveness of CaEP has already been evaluated in clinical trials; however, confirmatory preclinical studies are still needed to further elucidate its effectiveness and underlying mechanisms. Here, we tested and compared its efficiency on two different tumor models to electrochemotherapy (ECT) and in combination with gene electrotransfer (GET) of a plasmid encoding interleukin-12 (IL-12). We hypothesized that IL-12 potentiates the antitumor effect of local ablative therapies as CaEP and ECT. Methods The effect of CaEP was tested in vitro as well as in vivo in murine melanoma B16-F10 and murine mammary carcinoma 4T1 in comparison to ECT with bleomycin. Specifically, the treatment efficacy of CaEP with increasing calcium concentrations alone or in combination with IL-12 GET in different treatment protocols was investigated. We closely examined the tumor microenvironment by immunofluorescence staining of immune cells, as well as blood vessels and proliferating cells. Results In vitro, CaEP and ECT with bleomycin reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. We observed no differences in sensitivity between the two cell lines. A dose-dependent response was also observed in vivo; however, the efficacy was better in 4T1 tumors than in B16-F10 tumors. In 4T1 tumors, CaEP with 250 mM Ca resulted in more than 30 days of growth delay, which was comparable to ECT with bleomycin. In contrast, adjuvant peritumoral application of IL-12 GET after CaEP prolonged the survival of B16-F10, but not 4T1-bearing mice. Moreover, CaEP with peritumoral IL-12 GET modified tumor immune cell populations and tumor vasculature. Conclusions Mice bearing 4T1 tumors responded better to CaEP in vivo than mice bearing B16-F10 tumors, even though a similar response was observed in vitro. Namely, one of the most important factors might be involvement of the immune system. This was confirmed by the combination of CaEP or ECT with IL-12 GET, which further enhanced antitumor effectiveness. However, the potentiation of CaEP effectiveness was also highly dependent on tumor type; it was more pronounced in poorly immunogenic B16-F10 tumors compared to moderately immunogenic 4T1 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lisec
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Ursic Valentinuzzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
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Gajewska-Naryniecka A, Szwedowicz U, Łapińska Z, Rudno-Rudzińska J, Kielan W, Kulbacka J. Irreversible Electroporation in Pancreatic Cancer-An Evolving Experimental and Clinical Method. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36901812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has no symptoms until the disease has advanced and is aggressive cancer with early metastasis. Up to now, the only curative treatment is surgical resection, which is possible in the early stages of the disease. Irreversible electroporation treatment offers new hope for patients with unresectable tumors. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a type of ablation therapy that has been explored as a potential treatment for pancreatic cancer. Ablation therapies involve the use of energy to destroy or damage cancer cells. IRE involves using high-voltage, low-energy electrical pulses to create resealing in the cell membrane, causing the cell to die. This review summarizes experiential and clinical findings in terms of the IRE applications. As was described, IRE can be a non-pharmacological approach (electroporation) or combined with anticancer drugs or standard treatment methods. The efficacy of irreversible electroporation (IRE) in eliminating pancreatic cancer cells has been demonstrated through both in vitro and in vivo studies, and it has been shown to induce an immune response. Nevertheless, further investigation is required to assess its effectiveness in human subjects and to comprehensively understand IRE's potential as a treatment option for pancreatic cancer.
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Alkis ME, Buldurun K, Alan Y, Turan N, Altun A. Electroporation Enhances the Anticancer Effects of Novel Cu(II) and Fe(II) Complexes in Chemotherapy-Resistant Glioblastoma Cancer Cells. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200710. [PMID: 36601965 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Schiff base ligand (L) was obtained by condensation reaction between 4-aminopyrimidin-2(1H)-one (cytosine) with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The synthesized Schiff base was used for complexation with Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions used by a molar (2 : 1 mmol ration) in methanol solvent. The structural features of ligand, Cu(II), and Fe(II) metal complexes were determined by standard spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, elemental analysis, proton and carbon NMR spectra, UV/VIS, and mass spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, thermal analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction). The synthesized compounds (Schiff base and its metal complexes) were screened in terms of their anti-proliferative activities in U118 and T98G human glioblastoma cell lines alone or in combination with electroporation (EP). Moreover, the human HDF (human dermal fibroblast) cell lines was used to check the bio-compatibility of the compounds. Anti-proliferative activities of all compounds were ascertained using an MTT assay. The complexes exhibited a good anti-proliferative effect on U118 and T98G glioblastoma cell lines. In addition, these compounds had a negligible cytotoxic effect on the fibroblast HDF cell lines. The use of compounds in combination with EP significantly decreased the IC50 values compared to the use of compounds alone (p<0.05). These results show that newly synthesized Cu(II) and Fe(II) complexes can be developed for use in the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant U118 and T98G glioblastoma cells and that treatment with lower doses can be provided when used in combination with EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Esref Alkis
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, 49250, Muş, Turkey
| | - Kenan Buldurun
- Department of Food Processing, Technical Science Vocational School, Muş Alparslan University, 49250, Muş, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Alan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, 49250, Muş, Turkey
| | - Nevin Turan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, 49250, Muş, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Altun
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Gursoy G, Esmekaya MA, Cicek Z. Treatment of cervical cancer by electrochemotherapy with bleomycin, cisplatin, and calcium: an in vitro experimental study. Med Oncol 2022; 40:52. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kraemer MM, Tsimpaki T, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U, Bechrakis NE, Seitz B, Fiorentzis M. Calcium Electroporation Reduces Viability and Proliferation Capacity of Four Uveal Melanoma Cell Lines in 2D and 3D Cultures. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122889. [PMID: 35740554 PMCID: PMC9221408 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Calcium electroporation (CaEP) is an innovative anti-tumor treatment modality that induces cell death by introducing supraphysiological concentrations of calcium into cells with a limited effect on normal cells. The objective of the present study is to assess the effect of CaEP in uveal melanoma (UM) cell lines in comparison to electrochemotherapy (ECT) with bleomycin using 2D monolayer cell cultures as well as 3D tumor spheroid models in four different UM cell lines. The morphological changes of the spheroids, the cell viability, growth rate as well as the cytotoxic effect of electroporation (EP) with calcium chloride and bleomycin were evaluated with various drug concentrations. The results of CaEP and ECT both suggest a comparable dose-dependent reduction in cell viability and proliferation rate in all tested 2D cell lines and 3D tumor spheroids. These data point out that CaEP is an established anticancer treatment causing cell death by ATP depletion in in vitro and in vivo, representing an efficient alternative therapy with a lower cytotoxic potency for the local UM tumor control. Abstract Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is the combination of transient pore formation following electric pulse application with the administration of cytotoxic drugs, which enhances the cytotoxic effect of the applied agent due to membrane changes and permeabilization. Although EP represents an established therapeutic option for solid malignancies, recent advances shift to the investigation of non-cytotoxic agents, such as calcium, which can also induce cell death. The present study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic effect, the morphological changes in tumor spheroids, the effect on the cell viability, and the cell-specific growth rate following calcium electroporation (CaEP) in uveal melanoma (UM) 2D monolayer cell cultures as well as in 3D tumor spheroid models. The experiments were conducted in four cell lines, UM92.1, Mel270, and two primary UM cell lines, UPMD2 and UPMM3 (UPM). The 2D and 3D UM cell cultures were electroporated with eight rectangular pulses (100 µs pulse duration, 5 Hz repetition frequency) of a 1000 V/cm pulse strength alone or in combination with 0.11 mg/mL, 0.28 mg/mL, 0.55 mg/mL or 1.11 mg/mL calcium chloride or 1.0 µg/mL or 2.5 µg/mL bleomycin. The application of calcium chloride alone induced an ATP reduction only in the UM92.1 2D cell cultures. Calcium alone had no significant effect on ATP levels in all four UM spheroids. A significant decrease in the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level was documented in all four 2D and 3D cell cultures for both CaEP as well as ECT with bleomycin. The results suggest a dose-dependent ATP depletion with a wide range of sensitivity among the tested UM cell lines, control groups, and the applied settings in both 2D monolayer cell cultures and 3D tumor spheroid models. The colony formation capacity of the cell lines after two weeks reduced significantly after CaEP only with 0.5 mg/mL and 1.1 mg/mL, whereas the same effect could be achieved with both applied bleomycin concentrations, 1.0 µg/mL and 2.5 µg/mL, for the ECT group. The specific growth rate on day 7 following CaEP was significantly reduced in UM92.1 cell lines with 0.5 and 1.1 mg/mL calcium chloride, while Mel270 showed a similar effect only after administration of 1.1 mg/mL. UM92.1 and Mel270 spheroids exhibited lower adhesion and density after CaEP on day three in comparison to UPM spheroids showing detachment after day 7 following treatment. CaEP and bleomycin electroporation significantly reduce cell viability at similar applied voltage settings. CaEP may be a feasible and inexpensive therapeutic option for the local tumor control with fewer side effects, in comparison to other chemotherapeutic agents, for the treatment of uveal melanoma. The limited effect on normal cells and the surrounding tissue has already been investigated, but further research is necessary to clarify the effect on the surrounding tissue and to facilitate its application in a clinical setting for the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M. Kraemer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.M.K.); (T.T.); (U.B.-P.); (N.E.B.)
| | - Theodora Tsimpaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.M.K.); (T.T.); (U.B.-P.); (N.E.B.)
| | - Utta Berchner-Pfannschmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.M.K.); (T.T.); (U.B.-P.); (N.E.B.)
| | - Nikolaos E. Bechrakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.M.K.); (T.T.); (U.B.-P.); (N.E.B.)
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Miltiadis Fiorentzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.M.K.); (T.T.); (U.B.-P.); (N.E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-723-2900
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11
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Łapińska Z, Szwedowicz U, Choromańska A, Saczko J. Electroporation and Electrochemotherapy in Gynecological and Breast Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2022; 27:2476. [PMID: 35458673 PMCID: PMC9026735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecological carcinomas affect an increasing number of women and are associated with poor prognosis. The gold standard treatment plan is mainly based on surgical resection and subsequent chemotherapy with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, anthracyclines, or taxanes. Unfortunately, this treatment is becoming less effective and is associated with many side effects that negatively affect patients’ physical and mental well-being. Electroporation based on tumor exposure to electric pulses enables reduction in cytotoxic drugs dose while increasing their effectiveness. EP-based treatment methods have received more and more interest in recent years and are the subject of a large number of scientific studies. Some of them show promising therapeutic potential without using any cytotoxic drugs or molecules already present in the human body (e.g., calcium electroporation). This literature review aims to present the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the course of EP-based therapies and the current state of knowledge in the field of their application in the treatment of gynecological neoplasms.
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12
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Demirbolat GM, Altintas L, Yilmaz S, Arsoy T, Sözmen M, Degim IT. Nanodesigning of multifunctional quantum dots and nanoparticles for the treatment of fibrosarcoma. J Microencapsul 2021; 39:210-225. [PMID: 34796787 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2021.1990423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM An effective, dual drug(DD) loaded nanocarrier system (nano particle(NP), quantum dots(QDs)) having two active substances was aimed to develop for the treatment of fibrosarcoma. METHODS Zinc oxide(ZnO) QDs were produced using zinc acetate dehydrate as a precursor, were incorporated with chitosan(Ch), and finally decorated with PEG-linked folic acid and were found to be effective after imatinib mesylate(IM) and dexketoprofen trometamol(DT) were loaded. Characterizations, invitro drug releases, cell toxicities, penetrations through cell lines and in-vivo animal tests of the prepared nanosystems were performed. RESULTS The size of hybrid nanoparticles were 168.6 ± 48.8nm, surface charge was -35.8 ± 0.26mV. The encapsulation efficiency was 75% for IM and 99% for DT. DD-functionalized QDChNPs and lyophilized functionalized QDChNPs in capsules slowed down tumor growth by up to 76.5 % and 88.7 %. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that developed hybrid nanoparticles are highly effective. This hybrid system gathers many of the advantages of nanotechnology into one form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulen Melike Demirbolat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biruni University Faculty of Pharmacy, 34010, Topkapi, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, 06330, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Altintas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sukran Yilmaz
- Food and Mouth Diseases Institute, 06520, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Taibe Arsoy
- Food and Mouth Diseases Institute, 06520, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Sözmen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Veterinary, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ismail Tuncer Degim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biruni University Faculty of Pharmacy, 34010, Topkapi, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, 06330, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
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Balantič K, Weiss VU, Allmaier G, Kramar P. Calcium ion effect on phospholipid bilayers as cell membrane analogues. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 143:107988. [PMID: 34763170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ion attachment can modify stability and structure of phospholipid bilayers. Of particular importance is the interaction of phospholipids with divalent cations, such as calcium ions playing an important role in numerous cellular processes. The aim of our study was to determine effects of calcium ions on phospholipid membranes employing two cell membrane analogues, liposomes and planar lipid bilayers, and for the first time the combination of two instrumental setups: gas-phase electrophoresis (nES GEMMA instrumentation) and electrical (capacitance and resistance) measurements. Liposomes and planar lipid bilayers consisted of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Liposomes were prepared from dried lipid films via hydration while planar lipid bilayers were formed using a Mueller-Rudin method. Calcium ions were added to membranes from higher concentrated stock solutions. Changes in phospholipid bilayer properties due to calcium presence were observed for both studied cell membrane analogues. Changes in liposome size were observed, which might either be related to tighter packing of phospholipids in the bilayer or local distortions of the membrane. Likewise, a measurable change in planar lipid bilayer resistance and capacitance was observed in the presence of calcium ions, which can be due to an increased rigidity and tighter packing of the lipid molecules in the bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Balantič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Slovenia
| | - Victor U Weiss
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Allmaier
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Kramar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Slovenia.
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Navickaitė D, Ruzgys P, Maciulevičius M, Dijk G, O'Connor RP, Šatkauskas S. Ca 2+ roles in electroporation-induced changes of cancer cell physiology: From membrane repair to cell death. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 142:107927. [PMID: 34425390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The combination of Ca2+ ions and electroporation has gained attention as potential alternative to electrochemotherapy. Ca2+ is an important component of the cell membrane repair system and its presence directly influences the dynamics of the pore cycle after electroporation which can be exploited for cancer therapies. Here, the influence of Ca2+ concentration is investigated on small molecule electrotransfer and release of Calcein from 4T1, MX-1, B16F10, U87 cancer cells after cell exposure to microsecond electric pulses. Moreover, we investigated simultaneous molecule electrotransfer and intracellular calcium ion influx when media was supplemented with different Ca2+ concentrations. Results show that increased concentrations of calcium ions reduce the electrotransfer of small molecules to different lines of cancer cells as well as the release of Calcein. These effects are related with an enhanced membrane repair mechanism. Overall, we show that the efficiency of molecular electrotransfer can be controlled by regulating Ca2+ concentration in the electroporation medium. For the first time, the cause of cancer cell death in vitro from 1 mM CaCl2 concentrations is related to the irreversible loss of Ca2+ homeostasis after cell electroporation. Our findings provide fundamental insight on the mechanisms of Ca2+ electroporation that might lead to improved therapeutic outcomes.
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15
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Kulbacka J, Rembiałkowska N, Szewczyk A, Moreira H, Szyjka A, Girkontaitė I, Grela KP, Novickij V. The Impact of Extracellular Ca 2+ and Nanosecond Electric Pulses on Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Human Breast and Colon Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3216. [PMID: 34203184 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The drug resistance phenomenon in cancer constantly induces problems in therapeutic protocols. Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) seem to be a promising method in drug molecule delivery. Here we have proved that electroporation supported by calcium ions can alternate the activity of drug resistance proteins. Our results indicated that MDR1 expression is not significantly modified by nanosecond electroporation in multidrug-resistant cells. However, PEF significantly inhibited MDR1 activity and cell viability when combined with calcium ions. Abstract (1) Background: Calcium electroporation (CaEP) is based on the application of electrical pulses to permeabilize cells (electroporation) and allow cytotoxic doses of calcium to enter the cell. (2) Methods: In this work, we have used doxorubicin-resistant (DX) and non-resistant models of human breast cancer (MCF-7/DX, MCF-7/WT) and colon cancer cells (LoVo, LoVo/DX), and investigated the susceptibility of the cells to extracellular Ca2+ and electric fields in the 20 ns–900 ns pulse duration range. (3) Results: We have observed that colon cancer cells were less susceptible to PEF than breast cancer cells. An extracellular Ca2+ (2 mM) with PEF was more disruptive for DX-resistant cells. The expression of glycoprotein P (MDR1, P-gp) as a drug resistance marker was detected by the immunofluorescent (CLSM) method and rhodamine-123 efflux as an MDR1 activity. MDR1 expression was not significantly modified by nanosecond electroporation in multidrug-resistant cells, but a combination with calcium ions significantly inhibited MDR1 activity and cell viability. (4) Conclusions: We believe that PEF with calcium ions can reduce drug resistance by inhibiting drug efflux activity. This phenomenon of MDR mechanism disruption seems promising in anticancer protocols.
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16
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Batista Napotnik T, Polajžer T, Miklavčič D. Cell death due to electroporation - A review. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 141:107871. [PMID: 34147013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of cells to high voltage electric pulses increases transiently membrane permeability through membrane electroporation. Electroporation can be reversible and is used in gene transfer and enhanced drug delivery but can also lead to cell death. Electroporation resulting in cell death (termed as irreversible electroporation) has been successfully used as a new non-thermal ablation method of soft tissue such as tumours or arrhythmogenic heart tissue. Even though the mechanisms of cell death can influence the outcome of electroporation-based treatments due to use of different electric pulse parameters and conditions, these are not elucidated yet. We review the mechanisms of cell death after electroporation reported in literature, cell injuries that may lead to cell death after electroporation and membrane repair mechanisms involved. The knowledge of membrane repair and cell death mechanisms after cell exposure to electric pulses, targets of electric field in cells need to be identified to optimize existing and develop of new electroporation-based techniques used in medicine, biotechnology, and food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Batista Napotnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamara Polajžer
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Alkış ME, Buldurun K, Turan N, Alan Y, Yılmaz ÜK, Mantarcı A. Synthesis, characterization, antiproliferative of pyrimidine based ligand and its Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes and effectiveness of electroporation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:4073-4083. [PMID: 33251985 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1852965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the study, a new Schiff base (ligand) was obtained using 4-aminopyrimidine-2(1H)-one, the starting material, and 2,3,4-trimethoxy benzaldehyde. Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes were obtained from the reaction of the ligand and NiCl2·6H2O, PdCl2(CH3CN)2 (1:1 ratio). These compounds were characterized using the elemental and mass analysis, 1H, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, magnetic susceptibility, thermal analysis, and the X-ray diffraction analyses. The antiproliferative activities of the synthesized ligand, Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes were identified on the HepG2 (human liver cancer cells) cell line and their biocompatibility was tested on the L-929 (fibroblast cells) cell line by the MTT analysis method. Furthermore, the effects of electroporation (EP) on the cytotoxic activities of synthesized compounds were investigated in HepG2 cancer cells. According to the MTT findings of the study, the ligand did not exhibit an antiproliferative activity while its Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes exhibited an antiproliferative activity. Moreover, it was observed that the antiproliferative activity of the Pd(II) complex was stronger than that of the Ni(II) complex. The combined application of EP + compounds is much more effective than the usage of the compounds alone in the treatment of HepG2 cancer cells. The EP increased the cytotoxicity of the Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes by 1.66, and 2.54 times, respectively. It was concluded that Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes may contribute as potential anti-cancer agents for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and yield promising results in the case of being used in ECT.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Eşref Alkış
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Kenan Buldurun
- Department of Food Processing, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Nevin Turan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Alan
- Department of Primary Education, Education Faculty, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Ünzile Keleştemur Yılmaz
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
| | - Asim Mantarcı
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Muş Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
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Kiełbik A, Szlasa W, Michel O, Szewczyk A, Tarek M, Saczko J, Kulbacka J. In Vitro Study of Calcium Microsecond Electroporation of Prostate Adenocarcinoma Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E5406. [PMID: 33227916 PMCID: PMC7699241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation, applied as a non-thermal ablation method has proven to be effective for focal prostate treatment. In this study, we performed pre-clinical research, which aims at exploring the specific impact of this so-called calcium electroporation on prostate cancer. First, in an in-vitro study of DU 145 cell lines, microsecond electroporation (μsEP) parameters were optimized. We determined hence the voltage that provides both high permeability and viability of these prostate cancer cells. Subsequently, we compared the effect of μsEP on cells' viability with and without calcium administration. For high-voltage pulses, the cell death's mechanism was evaluated using flow-cytometry and confocal laser microscopy. For lower-voltage pulses, the influence of electroporation on prostate cancer cell mobility was studied using scratch assays. Additionally, we applied calcium-binding fluorescence dye (Fluo-8) to observe the calcium uptake dynamic with the fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, the molecular dynamics simulation visualized the process of calcium ions inflow during μsEP. According to our results calcium electroporation significantly decreases the cells viability by promoting apoptosis. Furthermore, our data shows that the application of pulsed electric fields disassembles the actin cytoskeleton and influences the prostate cancer cells' mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Kiełbik
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (W.S.)
| | - Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.K.); (W.S.)
| | - Olga Michel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (O.M.); (A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Anna Szewczyk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (O.M.); (A.S.); (J.S.)
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mounir Tarek
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (O.M.); (A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (O.M.); (A.S.); (J.S.)
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Bussooa A, Hoare D, Kirimi MT, Mitra S, Mirzai N, Neale SL, Mercer JR. Impedimetric Detection and Electromediated Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Using Microfabricated Biosensors for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Intervention in Cardiovascular Diseases. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1902999. [PMID: 32999823 PMCID: PMC7509665 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain a significant global burden with 1-in-3 of all deaths attributable to the consequences of the disease. The main cause is blocked arteries which often remain undetected. Implantable medical devices (IMDs) such as stents and grafts are often used to reopen vessels but over time these too will re-block. A vascular biosensor is developed that can report on cellularity and is amenable to being mounted on a stent or graft for remote reporting. Moreover, the device is designed to also receive currents that can induce a controlled form of cell death, apoptosis. A combined diagnostic and therapeutic biosensor would be transformational for the treatment of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and central line access. In this work, a cell sensing and cell apoptosing system based on the same interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) is developed. It is shown that the device is scalable and that by miniaturizing the IDEs, the detection sensitivity is increased. Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells is monitored using continuous impedance measurements at a frequency of 10 kHz and rates of cell death are tracked using fluorescent dyes and live cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhav Bussooa
- BHF Cardiovascular Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8TAUK
| | - Daniel Hoare
- BHF Cardiovascular Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8TAUK
| | - Mahmut T. Kirimi
- BHF Cardiovascular Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8TAUK
| | - Srinjoy Mitra
- Scottish Microelectronics CentreKings Buildings CampusUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH9 3FFScotland
| | - Nosrat Mirzai
- Bioelectronics UnitUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8TAUK
| | - Steve L. Neale
- James Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - John R. Mercer
- BHF Cardiovascular Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8TAUK
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Szewczyk A, Saczko J, Kulbacka J. Apoptosis as the main type of cell death induced by calcium electroporation in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 136:107592. [PMID: 32674006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium electroporation (CaEP) has been previously reported as an effective method of rhabdomyosarcoma cells reduction. CaEP causes temporary cell membrane permeabilization with simultaneous calcium ions influx. A rapid influx of calcium ions leads to mitochondrial overload by Ca2+, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential causing cytochrome c release, caspase cascade activation and, as a consequence, cell death. This study was conducted on two cell lines: normal muscle cells (C2C12) and rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RD), which showed different cellular responses to CaEP. Our study defined apoptosis as the main cell death type occurring after CaEP in RD cells. Increased activity of caspase 3/7, Parp-1 and cleaved Parp-1 were proven in the case of RD cells. RD cells compartment rearrangement was observed in the time-lapse by holotomographic microscopy (HTM). C2C12 cells were less sensitive to electroporation and increased Ca2+ concentration, and viability was maintained at the level of control cells, only slight changes in pro-apoptotic factors were observed. The results reveal CaEP as a promising therapeutic approach in cancers which develop from muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szewczyk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland; Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland.
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Navickaite D, Ruzgys P, Novickij V, Jakutaviciute M, Maciulevicius M, Sinceviciute R, Satkauskas S. Extracellular-Ca 2+-Induced Decrease in Small Molecule Electrotransfer Efficiency: Comparison between Microsecond and Nanosecond Electric Pulses. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E422. [PMID: 32375426 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation—a transient electric-field-induced increase in cell membrane permeability—can be used to facilitate the delivery of anticancer drugs for antitumour electrochemotherapy. In recent years, Ca2+ electroporation has emerged as an alternative modality to electrochemotherapy. The antitumor effect of calcium electroporation is achieved as a result of the introduction of supraphysiological calcium doses. However, calcium is also known to play a key role in membrane resealing, potentially altering the pore dynamics and molecular delivery during electroporation. To elucidate the role of calcium for the electrotransfer of small charged molecule into cell we have performed experiments using nano- and micro-second electric pulses. The results demonstrate that extracellular calcium ions inhibit the electrotransfer of small charged molecules. Experiments revealed that this effect is related to an increased rate of membrane resealing. We also employed mathematical modelling methods in order to explain the differences between the CaCl2 effects after the application of nano- and micro-second duration electric pulses. Simulation showed that these differences occur due to the changes in transmembrane voltage generation in response to the increase in specific conductivity when CaCl2 concentration is increased.
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Novickij V, Rembialkowska N, Staigvila G, Kulbacka J. Effects of extracellular medium conductivity on cell response in the context of sub-microsecond range calcium electroporation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3718. [PMID: 32111987 PMCID: PMC7048766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we report the effects of extracellular medium conductivity on cell response in the context of sub-microsecond range (100 ns-900 ns) electroporation, calcium electroporation and cell size. The effects of 25 ns and microsecond range (100 μs) pulses were also covered. As a model, three different cancer cell lines of various size (C32, MCF-7/DX and MC38/0) were used and the results indicated different size-dependent susceptibility patterns to the treatment. The applied pulsed electric field (PEF) protocols revealed a significant decrease of cell viability when calcium electroporation was used. The dependence of calcium ion transport and finally the anticancer effect on the external medium conductivity was determined. It was shown that small differences in conductivity do not alter viability significantly, however, mostly affect the permeabilization. At the same, MC38/0 cell line was the least susceptible to calcium electroporation, while the C32 line the most. In all cases calcium electroporation was mostly dependent on the sensitivity of cells to electroporation and could not be effectively improved by the increase of CaCl2 concentration from 2 mM to 5 mM. Lastly, sub-microsecond PEF stimulated aquaporin-4 and VDAC1/Porin immunoreactions in all treated cells lines, which indicated that cell water balance is affected, ions exchange is increased and release of mitochondrial products is occurrent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Nina Rembialkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Gediminas Staigvila
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Frandsen SK, Vissing M, Gehl J. A Comprehensive Review of Calcium Electroporation -A Novel Cancer Treatment Modality. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E290. [PMID: 31991784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium electroporation is a potential novel anti-cancer treatment where high calcium concentrations are introduced into cells by electroporation, a method where short, high voltage pulses induce transient permeabilisation of the plasma membrane allowing passage of molecules into the cytosol. Calcium is a tightly regulated, ubiquitous second messenger involved in many cellular processes including cell death. Electroporation increases calcium uptake leading to acute and severe ATP depletion associated with cancer cell death. This comprehensive review describes published data about calcium electroporation applied in vitro, in vivo, and clinically from the first publication in 2012. Calcium electroporation has been shown to be a safe and efficient anti-cancer treatment in clinical studies with cutaneous metastases and recurrent head and neck cancer. Normal cells have been shown to be less affected by calcium electroporation than cancer cells and this difference might be partly induced by differences in membrane repair, expression of calcium transporters, and cellular structural changes. Interestingly, both clinical data and preclinical studies have indicated a systemic immune response induced by calcium electroporation. New cancer treatments are needed, and calcium electroporation represents an inexpensive and efficient treatment with few side effects, that could potentially be used worldwide and for different tumor types.
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24
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Michel O, Błasiak P, Saczko J, Kulbacka J, Drąg-Zalesińska M, Rzechonek A. Electropermeabilization of metastatic chondrosarcoma cells from primary cell culture. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:945-954. [PMID: 31476023 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary cell cultures are challenging, but reliable model reflecting tumor response in vitro. The study was designed to examine if the increased electropermeabilization can overcame initial drug insensitivity in chondrosarcoma cells from lung metastasis. We established a primary cell culture and evaluated the cytotoxic impact of four drugs-cisplatin (CDDP), camptothecin, 2-methoxyestradiol, and leucovorin calcium (LeuCa). After determination of parameters allowing for electropermeabilization, we performed electrochemotherapy in vitro with the least toxic drugs-CDDP and LeuCa. Although combining CDDP and leucovorin together increased their toxicity and supported apoptosis, application of pulsed electric fields (PEFs) brought no advantage for their efficacy. The study emphasizes the need for introduction of primary cell cultures into studies on pulse electric fields as model frequently less sensitive to PEF-based treatments than continuous cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Michel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Błasiak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Drąg-Zalesińska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Rzechonek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Galant L, Delverdier M, Lucas MN, Raymond-Letron I, Teissie J, Tamzali Y. Calcium electroporation: The bioelectrochemical treatment of spontaneous equine skin tumors results in a local necrosis. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 129:251-258. [PMID: 31229863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an anticancer bioelectrochemical therapy where electrical field pulses (electropermeabilization) increase intracellular concentration of antitumor drugs. The procedure is very effective against skin tumors. The restrictive regulations concerning anticancer drugs in veterinary medicine limit use of ECT. Electroporation with calcium (Electroporation Calcium Therapy)(ECaT) was proved to be effective in vivo on induced tumors in laboratory animals. This study evaluated the effects of ECaT in equine sarcoids (spontaneous skin tumors) on an animal cohort. Pulse parameters for ECaT were choosen for using skin contact electrodes. ECaT was applied under general anesthesia. The tumors were removed at different days after the treatment and analyzed by histology. The study assessed the volume fraction of necrosis that was >50% for 9 of 13 sarcoids. Sixteen sarcoids in 10 horses were treated with ECaT. Macroscopic changes (a crust) were observed in 14/16 tumors. The main microscopic changes were necrosis, ulceration,hemorrhages, calcifications and thrombosis. The adverse effect was an inflammatory local reaction. Surrounding tissues were not affected. This targeted effect can be explained by its control by the field distribution in the tissue and on the interstitial diffusion of the injected Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurine Galant
- Equine Clinic, National Veterinary School of Toulouse, France
| | - Maxence Delverdier
- Department of Histopathology, National Veterinary School of Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Lucas
- Department of Histopathology, National Veterinary School of Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Raymond-Letron
- Department of Histopathology, National Veterinary School of Toulouse, France; Platform of Experimental and Compared Histopathology, STROMALab, UMR UPS/CNRS 5223, EFS, Inserm U1031, Toulouse, France
| | - Justin Teissie
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France.
| | - Youssef Tamzali
- Equine Clinic, National Veterinary School of Toulouse, France
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26
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Hoejholt KL, Mužić T, Jensen SD, Dalgaard LT, Bilgin M, Nylandsted J, Heimburg T, Frandsen SK, Gehl J. Calcium electroporation and electrochemotherapy for cancer treatment: Importance of cell membrane composition investigated by lipidomics, calorimetry and in vitro efficacy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4758. [PMID: 30894594 PMCID: PMC6427041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium electroporation is a novel anti-cancer treatment investigated in clinical trials. We explored cell sensitivity to calcium electroporation and electroporation with bleomycin, using viability assays at different time and temperature points, as well as heat calorimetry, lipidomics, and flow cytometry. Three cell lines: HT29 (colon cancer), MDA-MB231 (breast cancer), and HDF-n (normal fibroblasts) were investigated for; (a) cell survival dependent on time of addition of drug relative to electroporation (1.2 kV/cm, 8 pulses, 99 µs, 1 Hz), at different temperatures (37 °C, 27 °C, 17 °C); (b) heat capacity profiles obtained by differential scanning calorimetry without added calcium; (c) lipid composition by mass spectrometry; (d) phosphatidylserine in the plasma membrane outer leaflet using flow cytometry. Temperature as well as time of drug administration affected treatment efficacy in HT29 and HDF-n cells, but not MDA-MB231 cells. Interestingly the HT29 cell line displayed a higher phase transition temperature (approximately 20 °C) versus 14 °C (HDF-n) and 15 °C (MDA-MB231). Furthermore the HT29 cell membranes had a higher ratio of ethers to esters, and a higher expression of phosphatidylserine in the outer leaflet. In conclusion, lipid composition and heat capacity of the membrane might influence permeabilisation of cells and thereby the effect of calcium electroporation and electrochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Hoejholt
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - T Mužić
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S D Jensen
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - L T Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - M Bilgin
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Nylandsted
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Heimburg
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S K Frandsen
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark.
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer, Department of Clinical Oncology and Palliative Care, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - J Gehl
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark.
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer, Department of Clinical Oncology and Palliative Care, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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27
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Plaschke CC, Gehl J, Johannesen HH, Fischer BM, Kjaer A, Lomholt AF, Wessel I. Calcium electroporation for recurrent head and neck cancer: A clinical phase I study. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2019; 4:49-56. [PMID: 30828619 PMCID: PMC6383303 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium electroporation is a novel cancer treatment, which combines temporary cell permeability from electroporation with a high influx of calcium intracellularly resulting in cancer cell necrosis. Methods A phase I trial performing calcium electroporation on 6 patients suffering from recurrent head and neck cancer. In general anesthesia, intratumoral calcium injections were followed by electroporation. Safety was monitored by adverse events registration, serum Ca2+, ECG, and pain scores. Tumor response was measured on PET/MRI scans. Results Procedures were performed without complications. No serious adverse events, signs of hypercalcemia, or cardiac arrhythmias were observed. Two months post‐treatment tumor responses on MRI: three partial responses, one stable disease, and two progression. Responses on PET: one partial metabolic disease, four with stable metabolic disease, and one not evaluable. One patient was without clinical evidence of disease after 12 months of observation. Conclusion Calcium electroporation is feasible and safe in head and neck tumors. Clinical responses were observed in three of six patients, warranting further studies. Level of Evidence Level 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Caroline Plaschke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Julie Gehl
- Department of Clinical Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Clinical Oncology and Palliative Care, Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer (CEDGE) Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark.,Department of Oncology Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen Herlev Denmark
| | - Helle Hjorth Johannesen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, and Cluster for Molecular Imaging Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Barbara Malene Fischer
- Department of Clinical Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anne Fog Lomholt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Irene Wessel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
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Frandsen SK, Gehl J. A Review on Differences in Effects on Normal and Malignant Cells and Tissues to Electroporation-Based Therapies: A Focus on Calcium Electroporation. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818788077. [PMID: 30012047 PMCID: PMC6050800 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818788077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium electroporation is a potential novel anticancer treatment, where high
concentrations of calcium are introduced into the cell cytosol by electroporation. This is
a method where short, high-voltage pulses induce a transient permeabilization of the cell
membrane and thereby allow influx and efflux of ions and molecules. Electroporation is
used in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs (electrochemotherapy) as a standard
treatment for cutaneous metastases, and electroporation using a higher electric field and
number of pulses (irreversible electroporation) is increasingly being used as an
anticancer treatment. In this review, calcium electroporation is described with emphasis
on the investigations of differences in the effect on normal and malignant cells and
tissues in vitro and in vivo. Calcium electroporation
has been shown to induce cell death in vitro and tumor necrosis
in vivo with a difference in sensitivity between different tumor types.
Normal cells treated in vitro are significantly less affected than cancer
cells, and a similar trend is shown in vivo where muscle and skin tissue
surrounding a treated tumor as well as muscle and skin directly treated with calcium
electroporation were less affected than tumors. The mechanism behind this difference in
sensitivity is not fully understood but might be affected by differences in electric
impedance, membrane repair, and expression of plasma membrane calcium ATPases in normal
and malignant cells. The research on calcium electroporation shows a potential novel
anticancer treatment with significant effect on cancer cells and tissues while normal
cells and tissues are clearly less affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine K Frandsen
- 1 Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer (C*EDGE), Department of Clinical Oncology and Palliative Care, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Julie Gehl
- 1 Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer (C*EDGE), Department of Clinical Oncology and Palliative Care, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,2 Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Romeo S, Sannino A, Scarfì MR, Vernier PT, Cadossi R, Gehl J, Zeni O. ESOPE-Equivalent Pulsing Protocols for Calcium Electroporation: An In Vitro Optimization Study on 2 Cancer Cell Models. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818788072. [PMID: 30021498 PMCID: PMC6053871 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818788072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible electroporation is used to increase the uptake of chemotherapeutic drugs in local tumor treatment (electrochemotherapy) by applying the pulsing protocol (8 rectangular pulses, 1000 V/cm, 100 µs) standardized in the framework of the European Standard Operating Procedure on Electrochemotherapy multicenter trial. Currently, new electrochemotherapy strategies are under development to extend its applicability to tumors with different histology. Electrical parameters and drug type are critical factors. A possible approach is to test pulse parameters different from European Standard Operating Procedure on Electrochemotherapy but with comparable electroporation yield (European Standard Operating Procedure on Electrochemotherapy-equivalent protocols). Moreover, the use of non-toxic drugs combined with electroporation represents the new frontier for electrochemotherapy applications; calcium electroporation has been recently proposed as a simple tool for anticancer therapy. In vitro investigations facilitate the optimization of electrical parameters and drugs for in vivo and clinical testing. In this optimization study, new pulsing protocols have been tested by increasing the pulse number and reducing the electric field with respect to the standard. European Standard Operating Procedure on Electrochemotherapy-equivalent protocols have been identified in HL-60 and A431 cancer cell models, and a higher sensitivity in terms of electroporation yield has been recorded in HL-60 cells. Moreover, cell killing efficacy of European Standard Operating Procedure on Electrochemotherapy-equivalent protocols has been demonstrated in the presence of increasing calcium concentrations on both cell lines. Equivalent European Standard Operating Procedure on Electrochemotherapy protocols can be used to optimize the therapeutic effects in the clinic, where different regions of the same cancer tissue, with different electrical properties, might result in a differential electroporation yield of the standard protocol over the same tissue, or, eventually, in an override of the operational limits of the instrument. Moreover, using calcium can help overcome the drawbacks of standard drugs (side effects, high costs, difficult handling, preparation, and storage procedures). These results support the possibility of new treatment options in both standard electrochemotherapy and calcium electroporation, with clear advantages in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Romeo
- 1 National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Sannino
- 1 National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Scarfì
- 1 National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), Napoli, Italy
| | - P Thomas Vernier
- 2 Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | | | - Julie Gehl
- 4 Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer, Department of Clinical Oncology and Palliative Care, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,5 Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Zeni
- 1 National Research Council of Italy (CNR)-Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), Napoli, Italy
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30
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Staresinic B, Jesenko T, Kamensek U, Krog Frandsen S, Sersa G, Gehl J, Cemazar M. Effect of calcium electroporation on tumour vasculature. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9412. [PMID: 29925935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium electroporation (CaEP) is a novel anti-tumour treatment that induces cell death by internalization of large quantities of calcium. The anti-tumour effectiveness of CaEP has been demonstrated in vitro, in vivo, and in preliminary clinical trials; however, its effects on the vasculature have not been previously investigated. Using a dorsal window chamber tumour model, we observed that CaEP affected to the same degree normal and tumour blood vessels in vivo, as it disrupted the vessels and caused tumour eradication by necrosis. In all cases, the effect was more pronounced in small vessels, similar to electrochemotherapy (ECT) with bleomycin. In vitro studies in four different cell lines (the B16F1 melanoma, HUVEC endothelial, FADU squamous cell carcinoma, and CHO cell lines) confirmed that CaEP causes necrosis associated with acute and severe ATP depletion, a picture different from bleomycin with electroporation. Furthermore, CaEP considerably inhibited cell migratory capabilities of endothelial cells and their potential to form capillary-like structures. The finding that CaEP has anti-vascular effects and inhibits cell migration capabilities may contribute to the explanation of the high efficacy observed in preclinical and clinical studies.
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31
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Falk H, Matthiessen L, Wooler G, Gehl J. Calcium electroporation for treatment of cutaneous metastases; a randomized double-blinded phase II study, comparing the effect of calcium electroporation with electrochemotherapy. Acta Oncol 2018; 57:311-319. [PMID: 28816072 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1355109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium electroporation is a novel anticancer treatment, which utilizes high voltage pulses to permeabilize cell membranes and expose the cell to supraphysiological doses of calcium. Preclinical studies on calcium electroporation have shown strikingly high tumor response with cell necrosis. Calcium electroporation builds on the treatment electrochemotherapy, where chemotherapeutic drugs, mostly bleomycin, are internalized by electroporation. This double-blinded randomized study compared calcium electroporation to electrochemotherapy in terms of objective response measured 6 months after treatment. METHODS Seven patients with a total of 47 cutaneous metastases from breast cancer and malignant melanoma were included in the protocol. A total of 37 metastases were randomized and evaluated for response, another 10 metastases were used for biopsy. This was a non-inferiority trial and metastases were randomized individually in each patient to either intratumoral calcium or bleomycin followed by application of electric pulses to tumor site. All metastases were treated once, and after 6-months of follow-up, the randomization code was revealed. RESULTS Objective response of calcium electroporation was 72% (13/18) with complete response in 66% (12/18). For electrochemotherapy, objective response was 84% (16/19) with complete response in 68% (13/19). There was no statistically significant difference between the two treatments (p = 0.5). After 1 year, only three out of 25 metastases had relapsed. Ulceration, itching and exudation were reported slightly more frequently in metastases treated with bleomycin, and hyperpigmentation was only seen in metastases treated with bleomycin. CONCLUSION This study shows that calcium electroporation is feasible and effective in patients with cutaneous metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Falk
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer CEDGE, Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - L.W. Matthiessen
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer CEDGE, Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - G. Wooler
- Department of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - J. Gehl
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer CEDGE, Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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32
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Szewczyk A, Gehl J, Daczewska M, Saczko J, Frandsen SK, Kulbacka J. Calcium electroporation for treatment of sarcoma in preclinical studies. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11604-11618. [PMID: 29545923 PMCID: PMC5837766 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium electroporation (CaEP) describes the use of electric pulses (electroporation) to transiently permeabilize cells to allow supraphysiological doses of calcium to enter the cytosol. Calcium electroporation has successfully been investigated for treatment of cutaneous metastases in a clinical study. This preclinical study explores the possible use of calcium electroporation for treatment of sarcoma. A normal murine muscle cell line (C2C12), and a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (RD) were used in the undifferentiated and differentiated state. Electroporation was performed using 8 pulses of 100 μs at 600–1000 V/cm; with calcium (0, 0.5, 1, and 5 mM). Viability was examined by MTS assay, intracellular calcium levels were measured, and expression of plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA) was investigated using western blotting. Calcium/sodium exchanger (NCX1), ryanodine receptor (RyR1) expression and cytoskeleton structure (zyxin/actin) were assessed by immunofluorescence. CaEP efficiency on RD tumors was tested in vivo in immuno-deficient mice. CaEP was significantly more efficient in RD than in normal cells. Intracellular Ca2+ levels after CaEP increased significantly in RD, whereas a lower increase was seen in normal cells. CaEP caused decreased expression of PMCA and NCX1 in malignant cells and RyR1 in both cell lines whereas normal cells exhibited increased expression of NCX1 after CaEP. Calcium electroporation also affected cytoskeleton structure in malignant cells. This study showed that calcium electroporation is tolerated significantly better in normal muscle cells than sarcoma cells and as an inexpensive and simple cancer treatment this could potentially be used in connection with sarcoma surgery for local treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szewczyk
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julie Gehl
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer (CEDGE), Department of Clinical Oncology and Palliative Care, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Malgorzata Daczewska
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Stine Krog Frandsen
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer (CEDGE), Department of Clinical Oncology and Palliative Care, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Ciobanu F, Golzio M, Kovacs E, Teissié J. Control by Low Levels of Calcium of Mammalian Cell Membrane Electropermeabilization. J Membr Biol 2017; 251:221-228. [PMID: 28823021 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-017-9981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Electric pulses, when applied to a cell suspension, induce a reversible permeabilization of the plasma membrane. This permeabilized state is a long-lived process (minutes). The biophysical molecular mechanisms supporting the membrane reorganization associated to its permeabilization remain poorly understood. Modeling the transmembrane structures as toroidal lipidic pores cannot explain why they are long-lived and why their resealing is under the control of the ATP level. Our results describe the effect of the level of free Calcium ions. Permeabilization induces a Ca2+ burst as previously shown by imaging of cells loaded with Fluo-3. But this sharp increase is reversible even when Calcium is present at a millimolar concentration. Viability is preserved to a larger extent when submillimolar concentrations are used. The effect of calcium ions is occurring during the resealing step not during the creation of permeabilization as the same effect is observed if Ca2+ is added in the few seconds following the pulses. The resealing time is faster when Ca2+ is present in a dose-dependent manner. Mg2+ is observed to play a competitive role. These observations suggest that Ca2+ is acting not on the external leaflet of the plasma membrane but due to its increased concentration in the cytoplasm. Exocytosis will be enhanced by this Ca2+ burst (but hindered by Mg2+) and occurs in the electropermeabilized part of the cell surface. This description is supported by previous theoretical and experimental results. The associated fusion of vesicles will be the support of resealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Ciobanu
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,University Carol Davila, Bucarest, Romania
| | - Muriel Golzio
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Justin Teissié
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Frandsen SK, Krüger MB, Mangalanathan UM, Tramm T, Mahmood F, Novak I, Gehl J. Normal and Malignant Cells Exhibit Differential Responses to Calcium Electroporation. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4389-4401. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Frandsen SK, Gehl J. Effect of calcium electroporation in combination with metformin in vivo and correlation between viability and intracellular ATP level after calcium electroporation in vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181839. [PMID: 28742810 PMCID: PMC5526525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium electroporation is a new experimental anti-cancer treatment where calcium is internalized into cells by application of short, high voltage pulses. Calcium electroporation has been shown to induce tumor necrosis associated with ATP depletion while the effect on normal fibroblasts was limited when investigated in a 3D in vitro spheroid model. We aimed to investigate the effect of calcium electroporation in combination with metformin, a drug that affects intracellular ATP level. We also aimed to study the relationship between the viability and intracellular ATP levels after calcium electroporation in vitro. Methods In this study, we investigated the effect of calcium electroporation with metformin on NMRI-Foxn1nu mice in vivo on tumor size, survival, and intracellular ATP. We further investigated viability and intracellular ATP level in vitro after calcium electroporation in two human cancer cell lines: Breast (MDA-MB231) and colon (HT29), and in normal human fibroblasts (HDF-n), as well as investigating viability in human bladder cancer cells (SW780) and human small cell lung cancer cells (H69) where we have previously published intracellular ATP levels. Results Calcium electroporation significantly reduced the size and ATP level of bladder cancer tumors treated in vivo but no increased effect of metformin combined with calcium electroporation was shown on neither tumor size, survival, nor ATP level. Calcium electroporation in vitro significantly decreased viability compared with calcium alone (p<0.0001 for calcium concentrations from 0.5 mM for H69, HDF-n, and MDA-MB231; p<0.0001 for calcium concentrations from 1 mM for HT29 and SW780). Intracellular ATP levels decreased significantly after calcium electroporation (p<0.05), however no correlation between intracellular ATP level and viability after treatment was observed. Conclusion Calcium electroporation caused reduced tumor size, increased survival, and acute ATP depletion in vivo. This effect was not augmented by metformin. Calcium electroporation is a possible novel anti-cancer treatment that has been shown to cause cell death associated with acute ATP depletion in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Krog Frandsen
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer, Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Julie Gehl
- Center for Experimental Drug and Gene Electrotransfer, Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Kung Y, Lihachev A, Šatkauskas S, Lan KL, Chen WS. Electroporation by concentric-type needle electrodes and arrays. Bioelectrochemistry 2017; 118:31-37. [PMID: 28708990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of genomic medicine depends on gene transfer efficiency. In this area, electroporation has been found to be a highly promising method for physical gene transfer. However, electroporation raises issues related to electrical safety, tissue damage, and the number of required wounds. Concentric-type needle electrodes seek to address these issues by using a lower bias (10V), a single wound, fewer processing steps, and a smaller working area (≈10mm3), thus offering greater accuracy and precision. Moreover, the needle can be arrayed to simultaneously treat several target regions. This paper proposes a novel method using concentric-type needle electrodes to improve the efficacy of genomic medicine in terms of electrical safety, human factor and usability engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei city, Taiwan; National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Alexey Lihachev
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Saulius Šatkauskas
- Biology Department, Faculty of Natural Science, Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos 8, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Keng-Li Lan
- Cancer Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shiang Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei city, Taiwan; National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei city, Taiwan.
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Wysocka O, Kulbacka J, Saczko J. Adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and experimental regimens in overcoming pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Prz Gastroenterol 2016; 11:155-162. [PMID: 27713776 PMCID: PMC5047971 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2016.61438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and deadly malignancies. Despite better understanding of its biology and pathogenesis, contemporary treatment regimens are still insufficient. Along with the introduction of new treatment agents and combination therapy, the response rates are increasing, but these scores do not go with overall survival, and results are frequently conflicting. Therefore, contemporary medicine faces the challenge of expanding the knowledge base and practice on all grounds - pathology, factor risk, diagnosis, and finally surgical and palliative treatment of this disease. This paper provides a review of current adjuvant and neoadjuvant regimens and the role of experimental therapies in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Wysocka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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