In-vitro and in-vivo monitoring of gold(III) ions from intermediate metabolite of sodium aurothiomalate through water-soluble ruthenium (II) complex-based luminescent probe

β-Cyclodextrin-Encapsulated Rhodamine Derivatives Core-Shell Microspheres-Based Fluorescent Sensor for Au3+ and Template for Generating Microplates of Gold

We have developed β-cyclodextrin-encapsulated rhodamine derivative core-shell microspheres (β-CD@RH) to improve their aqueous solubility and biocompatibility. The β-CD@RH core-shell microspheres exhibited bright and stable fluorescence with Au³⁺ ion in aqueous media. The development of triangular and hexagonal gold microplates within an aqueous solution by a simple, one-step, and green chemistry strategy is followed and prepared. Fluorescent imaging of Au³⁺ in living cells is also successfully demonstrated.

Determination and Imaging of Small Biomolecules and Ions Using Ruthenium(II) Complex-Based Chemosensors

Luminescence chemosensors are one of the most useful tools for the determination and imaging of small biomolecules and ions in situ in real time. Based on the unique photo-physical/-chemical properties of ruthenium(II) (Ru(II)) complexes, the development of Ru(II) complex-based chemosensors has attracted increasing attention in recent years, and thus many Ru(II) complexes have been designed and synthesized for the detection of ions and small biomolecules in biological and environmental samples. In this work, we summarize the research advances in the development of Ru(II) complex-based chemosensors for the determination of ions and small biomolecules, including anions, metal ions, reactive biomolecules and amino acids, with a particular focus on binding/reaction-based chemosensors for the investigation of intracellular analytes’ evolution through luminescence analysis and imaging. The advances, challenges and future research directions in the development of Ru(II) complex-based chemosensors are also discussed.

Aurothiomalate-Based Drugs as Potentially Novel Agents Against Leishmania major: A Mini Review

PURPOSE

Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem worldwide in many parts of the world. Current anti-leishmanial drugs have only limited clinical efficacy. Aurothiomalate derivatives are useful for treating rheumatoid arthritis, but have emerged as a promising therapeutic candidate for leishmaniasis. This paper gives a review of the literature about the usefulness of aurothiomalate derivatives against leishmaniasis.

METHODS

In this study, we reviewed the proposed mechanisms of action of aurothiomalate and related compounds on the metabolism of L. major and collected data by searching relevant articles.

RESULTS

Aurothiomalate-based drugs could be effective against leishmaniasis through two direct and indirect mechanisms: first, cytotoxic effects on parasites via thiomalate's false substrate role in the citric acid cycle against malate; and second, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of aurothiomalate derivatives with prostaglandin production inhibitory effects.

CONCLUSIONS

The current study documented that aurothiomalate-based drugs could be effective against leishmaniasis through two direct and indirect mechanisms of action. Gold thiomalate as a promising hit should be evaluated against L. major in vitro and in vivo conditions in the future.