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Deng RM, Zhou J. Targeting NF-κB in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Alleviation: from Signaling Networks to Therapeutic Targeting. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03787-w. [PMID: 37991700 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a major complication of liver trauma, resection, and transplantation that can lead to liver dysfunction and failure. Scholars have proposed a variety of liver protection methods aimed at reducing ischemia-reperfusion damage, but there is still a lack of effective treatment methods, which urgently needs to find new effective treatment methods for patients. Many studies have reported that signaling pathway plays a key role in HIRI pathological process and liver function recovery mechanism, among which nuclear transfer factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is one of the signal transduction closely related to disease. NF-κB pathway is closely related to HIRI pathologic process, and inhibition of this pathway can delay oxidative stress, inflammatory response, cell death, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, NF-κB can also interact with PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and Nrf2 signaling pathways to participate in HIRI regulation. Based on the role of NF-κB pathway in HIRI, it may be a potential target pathway for HIRI. This review emphasizes the role of inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway in oxidative stress, inflammatory response, cell death, and mitochondrial dysfunction in HIRI, as well as the effects of related drugs or inhibitors targeting NF-κB on HIRI. The objective of this review is to elucidate the role and mechanism of NF-κB pathway in HIRI, emphasize the important role of NF-κB pathway in the prevention and treatment of HIRI, and provide a theoretical basis for the target NF-κB pathway as a therapy for HIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ming Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhou
- The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China.
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Mahmoud HM, Elsayed Abouzed DE, Abo-Youssef AM, Hemeida RAM. Zafirlukast protects against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats via modulating Bcl-2/Bax and NF-κB/SMAD-4 pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110498. [PMID: 37418987 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a clinical problem commonly during liver transplantation and other liver surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of zafirlukast (ZFK) on IR-induced hepatic injury and investigate its relevant protective mechanism. Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated to four groups: sham, IRI, ZFK, and ZFK + IR groups. ZFK was administered orally in a dose of 80 mg/kg/day for 10 consecutive days. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBL) levels, and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity were estimated. Liver tissues were used to assess oxidative stress biomarkers including malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NOx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents. Inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-33 (IL-33), in addition to apoptosis biomarkers, BCL2 associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and galactine-9 (GAL9) proteins were also assessed. Western blot analysis was performed for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibrinogen expressions. Immunohistochemical analysis for hepatic nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and SMAD-4 was done in addition to histopathological examination. Our study revealed that ZFK pre-treatment resulted in liver function restoration and oxidative stress correction. Moreover, inflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced and a remarkable reduction of apoptosis, angiogenesis, and clotting formation has been indicated. Additionally, a significant reduction in SMAD-4 and NF-kB protein expressions was observed. These results were supported by hepatic architecture improvement. Our findings revealed that ZFK possesses a potential protective effect against liver IR possibly through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
| | - Deiaa E Elsayed Abouzed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt.
| | - Amira M Abo-Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
| | - Ramadan A M Hemeida
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minya, 61519, Egypt.
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Alaaeldin R, Bakkar SM, Mohyeldin RH, Ali FEM, Abdel-Maqsoud NMR, Fathy M. Azilsartan Modulates HMGB1/NF-κB/p38/ERK1/2/JNK and Apoptosis Pathways during Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010185. [PMID: 36611978 PMCID: PMC9818604 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is characterized by an unexpected impairment of blood flow to the kidney. Azilsartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker that is approved for the management of hypertension. The present study aimed to investigate, on molecular basics, the nephroprotective activity of azilsartan on renal IR injury in rats. Rats were assigned into four groups: (1) Sham group, (2) Azilsartan group, (3) IR group, and (4) IR/Azilsartan-treated group. Histological examination and renal function were evaluated. Levels of KIM-1, HMGB1, caspase 3, GPX, SOD, NF-κB, and p53 proteins were investigated using ELISA. mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL6, IL10, TNF-α, NF-κB, p53, and bax were assessed by qRT-PCR. Expression of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 proteins was investigated by Western blotting. IR injury resulted in tissue damage, elevation of creatinine, BUN, KIM-1, HMGB1, caspase 3, NF-κB, and p53 levels, decreasing GPX and SOD activities, and up-regulation of NF-κB, IL-1β, IL6, TNF-α, p53, and bax genes. Furthermore, it up-regulated the expression of phosphorylated/total ratio of p38, ERK1/2, and JNK proteins. Interestingly, treatment of the injured rats with azilsartan significantly alleviated IR injury-induced histopathological and biochemical changes. It reduced the creatinine, BUN, KIM-1, HMGB1, caspase-3, NF-κB, and p53 levels, elevated GPX and SOD activities, down-regulated the expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, IL6, TNF-α, p53, and bax genes, and up-regulated IL10 gene expression. Furthermore, it decreased the phosphorylated/total ratio of p38, ERK1/2, and JNK proteins. Azilsartan exhibited nephroprotective activity in IR-injured rats via its antioxidant effect, suppression of inflammation, attenuation of apoptosis, and inhibition of HMGB1/NF-κB/p38/ERK1/2/JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Alaaeldin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Sally M. Bakkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Reham H. Mohyeldin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Fares E. M. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | | | - Moustafa Fathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Zou X, Gao S, Li J, Li C, Wu C, Cao X, Xia S, Shao P, Bao X, Yang H, Liu P, Xu Y. A monoamine oxidase B inhibitor ethyl ferulate suppresses microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and alleviates ischemic brain injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1004215. [PMID: 36313349 PMCID: PMC9608666 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1004215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident macrophages in the brain, which play a critical role in post-stroke neuroinflammation. Accordingly, targeting neuroinflammation could be a promising strategy to improve ischemic stroke outcomes. Ethyl ferulate (EF) has been confirmed to possess anti-inflammatory properties in several disease models, including acute lung injury, retinal damage and diabetes-associated renal injury. However, the effects of EF on microglial activation and the resolution of post-stroke neuroinflammation remains unknown. Here, we found that EF suppressed pro-inflammatory response triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in primary microglia and BV2 cell lines, as well as post-stroke neuroinflammation in an in vivo transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) stroke model in C57BL/6 mice, consequently ameliorating ischemic brain injury. Furthermore, EF could directly bind and inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) to reduce pro-inflammatory response. Taken together, our study identified a MAO-B inhibitor, Ethyl ferulate, as an active compound with promising potentials for suppressing post-stroke neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zou
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenghan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenggang Li
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Xia
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Shao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pinyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Pinyi Liu, ; Yun Xu,
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Pinyi Liu, ; Yun Xu,
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Piao C, Sang J, Kou Z, Wang Y, Liu T, Lu X, Jiao Z, Wang H. Effects of Exosomes Derived from Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Pyroptosis and Regeneration of Injured Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12065. [PMID: 36292924 PMCID: PMC9602906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although accumulating evidence indicates that exosomes have a positive therapeutic effect on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI), studies focusing on the alleviation of liver injury by exosomes derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs-Exo) based on the inhibition of cell pyroptosis have not yet been reported. Exosomes contain different kinds of biologically active substances such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, miRNAs, and signaling molecules. These molecules are widely involved in cell-cell communication, cell signal transmission, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Therefore, we investigated the positive effects exerted by ADSCs-Exo after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion with partial resection injury in rats. In this study, we found that the post-operative tail vein injection of ADSCs-Exo could effectively inhibit the expression of pyroptosis-related factors such as NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and GSDMD-N, and promote the expression of regeneration-related factors such as Cyclin D1 and VEGF. Moreover, we found that the above cellular activities were associated with the NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. According to the results, ADSCs and ADSCs-Exo can reduce pyroptosis in the injured liver and promote the expression of those factors related to liver regeneration, while they can inhibit the NF-κB pathway and activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. However, although adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) transplantation can reduce liver injury, it leads to a significant increase in the pyroptosis-related protein GSDMD-N expression. In conclusion, our study shows that ADSCs-Exo has unique advantages and significance as a cell-free therapy to replace stem cells and still has a broad research prospect in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Piao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jinfang Sang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhipeng Kou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiangyu Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhihui Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Morsy MA, Ibrahim YF, Abdel Hafez SMN, Zenhom NM, Nair AB, Venugopala KN, Shinu P, Abdel-Gaber SA. Paeonol Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091687. [PMID: 36139761 PMCID: PMC9495847 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (HIR) is the most common type of liver injury following several clinical situations. Modulating oxidative stress and inflammation by Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB pathways, respectively, is involved in alleviating HIR injury. Paeonol is a natural phenolic compound that demonstrates significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study explored the possible protective effect of paeonol against HIR injury and investigated its possible molecular mechanisms in rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated control, paeonol-treated sham-operated control, HIR untreated, and HIR paeonol-treated groups. The results confirmed that hepatic injury was significantly aggravated biochemically by elevated serum levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, as well as by histopathological alterations, while paeonol reduced the increase in transaminases and alleviated pathological changes induced by HIR. Additionally, paeonol inhibited the HIR-induced oxidative stress in hepatic tissues by decreasing the upraised levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide and enhancing the suppressed levels of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, paeonol activated the protective antioxidative Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. The protective effect of paeonol was associated with inhibiting the expression of the inflammatory key mediators TLR4, MYD88, NF-κB, and TNF-α. Finally, paeonol inhibited the increased mRNA levels of the pro-apoptotic marker Bax and enhanced the reduced mRNA levels of the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. Taken together, our results proved for the first time that paeonol could protect against HIR injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Al Bilad Bank Scholarly Chair for Food Security in Saudi Arabia, the Deanship of Scientific Research, the Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-5496-72245
| | - Yasmine F. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | | | - Nagwa M. Zenhom
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Albaha 65525, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham A. Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
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