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Büki G, Hadzsiev K, Bene J. Copy Number Variations in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13671. [PMID: 37761973 PMCID: PMC10530736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are complex conditions that represent a significant global health burden with complex and multifactorial etiologies. Technological advances in recent years have improved our understanding of the genetic architecture of the major neuropsychiatric disorders and the genetic loci involved. Previous studies mainly investigated genome-wide significant SNPs to elucidate the cross-disorder and disorder-specific genetic basis of neuropsychiatric disorders. Although copy number variations represent a major source of genetic variations, they are known risk factors in developing a variety of human disorders, including certain neuropsychiatric diseases. In this review, we demonstrate the current understanding of CNVs contributing to liability for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Judit Bene
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (G.B.); (K.H.)
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Molloy CJ, Quigley C, McNicholas Á, Lisanti L, Gallagher L. A review of the cognitive impact of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric associated copy number variants. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:116. [PMID: 37031194 PMCID: PMC10082763 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The heritability of intelligence or general cognitive ability is estimated at 41% and 66% in children and adults respectively. Many rare copy number variants are associated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions (ND-CNV), including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders, and may contribute to the observed variability in cognitive ability. Here, we reviewed studies of intelligence quotient or cognitive function in ND-CNV carriers, from both general population and clinical cohorts, to understand the cognitive impact of ND-CNV in both contexts and identify potential genotype-specific cognitive phenotypes. We reviewed aggregate studies of sets ND-CNV broadly linked to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions, and genotype-first studies of a subset of 12 ND-CNV robustly associated with schizophrenia and autism. Cognitive impacts were observed across ND-CNV in both general population and clinical cohorts, with reports of phenotypic heterogeneity. Evidence for ND-CNV-specific impacts were limited by a small number of studies and samples sizes. A comprehensive understanding of the cognitive impact of ND-CNVs would be clinically informative and could identify potential educational needs for ND-CNV carriers. This could improve genetic counselling for families impacted by ND-CNV, and clinical outcomes for those with complex needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara J Molloy
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Ciara Quigley
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Áine McNicholas
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Linda Lisanti
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- The Hospital for SickKids, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, SickKids Research Institute, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Mollon J, Almasy L, Jacquemont S, Glahn DC. The contribution of copy number variants to psychiatric symptoms and cognitive ability. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1480-1493. [PMID: 36737482 PMCID: PMC10213133 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) are deletions and duplications of DNA sequence. The most frequently studied CNVs, which are described in this review, are recurrent CNVs that occur in the same locations on the genome. These CNVs have been strongly implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, namely autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), and developmental delay (DD), but also in schizophrenia. More recent work has also shown that CNVs increase risk for other psychiatric disorders, namely, depression, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Many of the same CNVs are implicated across all of these disorders, and these neuropsychiatric CNVs are also associated with cognitive ability in the general population, as well as with structural and functional brain alterations. Neuropsychiatric CNVs also show incomplete penetrance, such that carriers do not always develop any psychiatric disorder, and may show only mild symptoms, if any. Variable expressivity, whereby the same CNVs are associated with many different phenotypes of varied severity, also points to highly complex mechanisms underlying disease risk in CNV carriers. Comprehensive and longitudinal phenotyping studies of individual CNVs have provided initial insights into these mechanisms. However, more work is needed to estimate and predict the effect of non-recurrent, ultra-rare CNVs, which also contribute to psychiatric and cognitive outcomes. Moreover, delineating the broader phenotypic landscape of neuropsychiatric CNVs in both clinical and general population cohorts may also offer important mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sebastien Jacquemont
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Center Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
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Hubbard L, Rees E, Morris DW, Lynham AJ, Richards AL, Pardiñas AF, Legge SE, Harold D, Zammit S, Corvin AC, Gill MG, Hall J, Holmans P, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Donohoe G, Kirov G, Pocklington A, Walters JTR. Rare Copy Number Variants Are Associated With Poorer Cognition in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:28-34. [PMID: 33678419 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is a major contributor to poor outcomes, yet its causes are poorly understood. Some rare copy number variants (CNVs) are associated with schizophrenia risk and affect cognition in healthy populations, but their contribution to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia has not been investigated. We examined the effect of 12 schizophrenia CNVs on cognition in those with schizophrenia. METHODS General cognitive ability was measured using the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia composite z score in 875 patients with schizophrenia and in a replication sample of 519 patients with schizophrenia using Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Full Scale IQ. Using linear regression, we tested for association between cognition and schizophrenia CNV status, covarying for age and sex. In addition, we tested whether CNVs hitting genes in schizophrenia-enriched gene sets (loss-of-function intolerant and synaptic gene sets) were associated with cognitive impairment. RESULTS A total of 23 schizophrenia CNV carriers were identified. Schizophrenia CNV carriers had lower general cognitive ability than nonschizophrenia CNV carriers in discovery (β = -0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.31 to -0.01) and replication samples (β = -0.91, 95% CI = -1.71 to -0.11) and after meta-analysis (β = -0.76, 95% CI = -1.26 to -0.25, p = .003). CNVs hitting loss-of-function intolerant genes were associated with lower cognition (β = -0.15, 95% CI = -0.29 to -0.001, p = .048). CONCLUSIONS In those with schizophrenia, cognitive ability in schizophrenia CNV carriers is 0.5-1.0 standard deviations below non-CNV carriers, which may have implications for clinical assessment and management. We also demonstrate that rare CNVs hitting genes intolerant to loss-of-function variation lead to more severe cognitive impairment, above and beyond the effect of known schizophrenia CNVs.
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Thygesen JH, Presman A, Harju-Seppänen J, Irizar H, Jones R, Kuchenbaecker K, Lin K, Alizadeh BZ, Austin-Zimmerman I, Bartels-Velthuis A, Bhat A, Bruggeman R, Cahn W, Calafato S, Crespo-Facorro B, de Haan L, de Zwarte SMC, Di Forti M, Díez-Revuelta Á, Hall J, Hall MH, Iyegbe C, Jablensky A, Kahn R, Kalaydjieva L, Kravariti E, Lawrie S, Luykx JJ, Mata I, McDonald C, McIntosh AM, McQuillin A, Muir R, Ophoff R, Picchioni M, Prata DP, Ranlund S, Rujescu D, Rutten BPF, Schulze K, Shaikh M, Schirmbeck F, Simons CJP, Toulopoulou T, van Amelsvoort T, van Haren N, van Os J, van Winkel R, Vassos E, Walshe M, Weisbrod M, Zartaloudi E, Bell V, Powell J, Lewis CM, Murray RM, Bramon E. Genetic copy number variants, cognition and psychosis: a meta-analysis and a family study. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5307-5319. [PMID: 32719466 PMCID: PMC8589646 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The burden of large and rare copy number genetic variants (CNVs) as well as certain specific CNVs increase the risk of developing schizophrenia. Several cognitive measures are purported schizophrenia endophenotypes and may represent an intermediate point between genetics and the illness. This paper investigates the influence of CNVs on cognition. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature exploring the effect of CNV burden on general intelligence. We included ten primary studies with a total of 18,847 participants and found no evidence of association. In a new psychosis family study, we investigated the effects of CNVs on specific cognitive abilities. We examined the burden of large and rare CNVs (>200 kb, <1% MAF) as well as known schizophrenia-associated CNVs in patients with psychotic disorders, their unaffected relatives and controls (N = 3428) from the Psychosis Endophenotypes International Consortium (PEIC). The carriers of specific schizophrenia-associated CNVs showed poorer performance than non-carriers in immediate (P = 0.0036) and delayed (P = 0.0115) verbal recall. We found suggestive evidence that carriers of schizophrenia-associated CNVs had poorer block design performance (P = 0.0307). We do not find any association between CNV burden and cognition. Our findings show that the known high-risk CNVs are not only associated with schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders, but are also a contributing factor to impairment in cognitive domains such as memory and perceptual reasoning, and act as intermediate biomarkers of disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan H. Thygesen
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amelia Presman
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jasmine Harju-Seppänen
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Haritz Irizar
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Jones
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karoline Kuchenbaecker
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Behrooz Z. Alizadeh
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Agna Bartels-Velthuis
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anjali Bhat
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Bruggeman
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- grid.5477.10000000120346234University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.413664.2Altrecht, General Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stella Calafato
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- grid.469673.90000 0004 5901 7501CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Sevilla, Spain ,grid.7821.c0000 0004 1770 272XUniversity Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain ,grid.9224.d0000 0001 2168 1229Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, IBiS, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Liewe de Haan
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.491093.60000 0004 0378 2028Arkin, Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja M. C. de Zwarte
- grid.5477.10000000120346234University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Di Forti
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Álvaro Díez-Revuelta
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK ,grid.5690.a0000 0001 2151 2978Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience—Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Complutense University and Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeremy Hall
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mei-Hua Hall
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XPsychosis Neurobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA
| | - Conrad Iyegbe
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Assen Jablensky
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Rene Kahn
- grid.5477.10000000120346234University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Luba Kalaydjieva
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Eugenia Kravariti
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Lawrie
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland UK
| | - Jurjen J. Luykx
- grid.5477.10000000120346234University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.491146.f0000 0004 0478 3153Second opinion outpatient clinic, GGNet Mental Health, Warsnveld, The Netherlands
| | - Igancio Mata
- grid.469673.90000 0004 5901 7501CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Sevilla, Spain ,Fundación Argibide, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Colm McDonald
- grid.6142.10000 0004 0488 0789The Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland UK ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Muir
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roel Ophoff
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Picchioni
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Diana P. Prata
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal ,grid.45349.3f0000 0001 2220 8863Centre for Psychological Research and Social Intervention, ISCTE-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Siri Ranlund
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Dan Rujescu
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany ,grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Bart P. F. Rutten
- grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands ,grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382The Brain+Nerve Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Schulze
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Madiha Shaikh
- grid.451079.e0000 0004 0428 0265North East London Foundation Trust, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Frederike Schirmbeck
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.491093.60000 0004 0378 2028Arkin, Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia J. P. Simons
- grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands ,grid.491104.9GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothea Toulopoulou
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.18376.3b0000 0001 0723 2427Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Main Campus, Bilkent, Ankara Turkey
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje van Haren
- grid.5477.10000000120346234University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia’s Children Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884KU Leuven, Department of Neuroscience, Research Group Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Muriel Walshe
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Weisbrod
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.490718.30000000406368535SRH Klinikum, Karlsbad-Langensteinbach, Germany
| | - Eirini Zartaloudi
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vaughan Bell
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Powell
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Robin M. Murray
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK. .,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King's College London, London, UK. .,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
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6
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Foley C, Heron EA, Harold D, Walters J, Owen M, O'Donovan M, Sebat J, Kelleher E, Mooney C, Durand A, Pinto C, Cormican P, Morris D, Donohoe G, Gill M, Gallagher L, Corvin A. Identifying schizophrenia patients who carry pathogenic genetic copy number variants using standard clinical assessment: retrospective cohort study. Br J Psychiatry 2020; 216:275-279. [PMID: 31964429 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2019.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variants (CNVs) play a significant role in disease pathogenesis in a small subset of individuals with schizophrenia (~2.5%). Chromosomal microarray testing is a first-tier genetic test for many neurodevelopmental disorders. Similar testing could be useful in schizophrenia. AIMS To determine whether clinically identifiable phenotypic features could be used to successfully model schizophrenia-associated (SCZ-associated) CNV carrier status in a large schizophrenia cohort. METHOD Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves tested the accuracy of readily identifiable phenotypic features in modelling SCZ-associated CNV status in a discovery data-set of 1215 individuals with psychosis. A replication analysis was undertaken in a second psychosis data-set (n = 479). RESULTS In the discovery cohort, specific learning disorder (OR = 8.12; 95% CI 1.16-34.88, P = 0.012), developmental delay (OR = 5.19; 95% CI 1.58-14.76, P = 0.003) and comorbid neurodevelopmental disorder (OR = 5.87; 95% CI 1.28-19.69, P = 0.009) were significant independent variables in modelling positive carrier status for a SCZ-associated CNV, with an area under the ROC (AUROC) of 74.2% (95% CI 61.9-86.4%). A model constructed from the discovery cohort including developmental delay and comorbid neurodevelopmental disorder variables resulted in an AUROC of 83% (95% CI 52.0-100.0%) for the replication cohort. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that careful clinical history taking to document specific neurodevelopmental features may be informative in screening for individuals with schizophrenia who are at higher risk of carrying known SCZ-associated CNVs. Identification of genomic disorders in these individuals is likely to have clinical benefits similar to those demonstrated for other neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Foley
- Clinical Research Fellow, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth A Heron
- Assistant Professor, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Denise Harold
- Assistant Professor, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - James Walters
- Professor, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Michael Owen
- Director, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Michael O'Donovan
- Professor, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Jonathan Sebat
- Chief, Beyster Center for Genomics of Psychiatric Diseases, Departments of Psychiatry, Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego; and Professor, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego; and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Eric Kelleher
- Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork; and Visiting Research Fellow, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christina Mooney
- HDip in Mental Health Nursing, Clinical Research Nurse, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amy Durand
- Medical Student, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Texas, USA; and Research Assistant, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carlos Pinto
- Research Fellow, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Cormican
- Lecturer, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek Morris
- Lecturer, Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Professor, Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael Gill
- Professor, Head of School of Medicine, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Director of Research, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin; and Professor, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Professor, Head of Discipline, Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Kuo SS, Pogue-Geile MF. Variation in fourteen brain structure volumes in schizophrenia: A comprehensive meta-analysis of 246 studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:85-94. [PMID: 30615934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite hundreds of structural MRI studies documenting smaller brain volumes on average in schizophrenia compared to controls, little attention has been paid to group differences in the variability of brain volumes. Examination of variability may help interpret mean group differences in brain volumes and aid in better understanding the heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Variability in 246 MRI studies was meta-analyzed for 13 structures that have shown medium to large mean effect sizes (Cohen's d≥0.4): intracranial volume, total brain volume, lateral ventricles, third ventricle, total gray matter, frontal gray matter, prefrontal gray matter, temporal gray matter, superior temporal gyrus gray matter, planum temporale, hippocampus, fusiform gyrus, insula; and a control structure, caudate nucleus. No significant differences in variability in cortical/subcortical volumes were detected in schizophrenia relative to controls. In contrast, increased variability was found in schizophrenia compared to controls for intracranial and especially lateral and third ventricle volumes. These findings highlight the need for more attention to ventricles and detailed analyses of brain volume distributions to better elucidate the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Kuo
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 4209 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA.
| | - Michael F Pogue-Geile
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 4209 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA; Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 4207 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA.
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Nucifora FC, Woznica E, Lee BJ, Cascella N, Sawa A. Treatment resistant schizophrenia: Clinical, biological, and therapeutic perspectives. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 131:104257. [PMID: 30170114 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) refers to the significant proportion of schizophrenia patients who continue to have symptoms and poor outcomes despite treatment. While many definitions of TRS include failure of two different antipsychotics as a minimum criterion, the wide variability in inclusion criteria has challenged the consistency and reproducibility of results from studies of TRS. We begin by reviewing the clinical, neuroimaging, and neurobiological characteristics of TRS. We further review the current treatment strategies available, addressing clozapine, the first-line pharmacological agent for TRS, as well as pharmacological and non-pharmacological augmentation of clozapine including medication combinations, electroconvulsive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and psychotherapies. We conclude by highlighting the most recent consensus for defining TRS proposed by the Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis Working Group, and provide our overview of future perspectives and directions that could help advance the field of TRS research, including the concept of TRS as a potential subtype of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick C Nucifora
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Edgar Woznica
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Brian J Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nicola Cascella
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Schmitt A, Rujescu D, Gawlik M, Hasan A, Hashimoto K, Iceta S, Jarema M, Kambeitz J, Kasper S, Keeser D, Kornhuber J, Koutsouleris N, Lanzenberger R, Malchow B, Saoud M, Spies M, Stöber G, Thibaut F, Riederer P, Falkai P. Consensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Biological Markers: Criteria for biomarkers and endophenotypes of schizophrenia part II: Cognition, neuroimaging and genetics. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:406-28. [PMID: 27311987 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1183043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Schizophrenia is a group of severe psychiatric disorders with high heritability but only low odds ratios of risk genes. Despite progress in the identification of pathophysiological processes, valid biomarkers of the disease are still lacking. METHODS This comprehensive review summarises recent efforts to identify genetic underpinnings, clinical and cognitive endophenotypes and symptom dimensions of schizophrenia and presents findings from neuroimaging studies with structural, functional and spectroscopy magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. The potential of findings to be biomarkers of schizophrenia is discussed. RESULTS Recent findings have not resulted in clear biomarkers for schizophrenia. However, we identified several biomarkers that are potential candidates for future research. Among them, copy number variations and links between genetic polymorphisms derived from genome-wide analysis studies, clinical or cognitive phenotypes, multimodal neuroimaging findings including positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and the application of multivariate pattern analyses are promising. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should address the effects of treatment and stage of the disease more precisely and apply combinations of biomarker candidates. Although biomarkers for schizophrenia await validation, knowledge on candidate genomic and neuroimaging biomarkers is growing rapidly and research on this topic has the potential to identify psychiatric endophenotypes and in the future increase insight on individual treatment response in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schmitt
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany ;,b Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Dan Rujescu
- c Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , University of Halle , Germany
| | - Micha Gawlik
- d Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , University of Würzburg , Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- e Division of Clinical Neuroscience , Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health , Chiba , Japan
| | - Sylvain Iceta
- f INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PsyR2 Team , Lyon , F-69000 , France ; Hospices Civils De Lyon, France
| | - Marek Jarema
- g Department of Psychiatry , Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- h Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Medical University of Vienna , Austria
| | - Daniel Keeser
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- i Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | | | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- h Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Medical University of Vienna , Austria
| | - Berend Malchow
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
| | - Mohamed Saoud
- f INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PsyR2 Team , Lyon , F-69000 , France ; Hospices Civils De Lyon, France
| | - Marie Spies
- h Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Medical University of Vienna , Austria
| | - Gerald Stöber
- d Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , University of Würzburg , Germany
| | - Florence Thibaut
- j Department of Psychiatry , University Hospital Cochin (Site Tarnier), University of Paris-Descartes, INSERM U 894 Centre Psychiatry and Neurosciences , Paris , France
| | - Peter Riederer
- k Center of Psychic Health; Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , LMU Munich , Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant number of patients with schizophrenia fail to respond to antipsychotic medication. Although several studies have investigated associated patient characteristics, the emerging findings from genetic studies offer further scope for study. METHOD In 612 schizophrenia patients with detailed clinical information, common genetic variants indexed by polygenic risk scores, and rare variants indexed by deletion and duplication burden genomewide, we explored potential genetic predictors alongside other established risk factors for treatment resistance. Clinical outcomes of treatment resistance were also calculated using lifetime measures of positive, negative/disorganized and mood symptoms as well as number of hospitalizations and suicide attempts. RESULTS Logistic regression models identified a significant relationship between treatment resistance and total duplication burden genomewide, years of formal schooling and age at onset. Clinically, treatment-resistant patients were characterized by greater negative/disorganized and positive symptoms and greater number of hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest genetic information, specifically the genomewide burden of rare copy number variants, may increase our understanding and clinical management of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Martin
- Queensland Brain Institute,University of Queensland,St Lucia,Brisbane 4072,Australia
| | - B Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute,University of Queensland,St Lucia,Brisbane 4072,Australia
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11
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Yeo RA, Ryman SG, van den Heuvel MP, de Reus MA, Jung RE, Pommy J, Mayer AR, Ehrlich S, Schulz SC, Morrow EM, Manoach D, Ho BC, Sponheim SR, Calhoun VD. Graph Metrics of Structural Brain Networks in Individuals with Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls: Group Differences, Relationships with Intelligence, and Genetics. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2016; 22:240-9. [PMID: 26888620 DOI: 10.1017/S1355617715000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One of the most prominent features of schizophrenia is relatively lower general cognitive ability (GCA). An emerging approach to understanding the roots of variation in GCA relies on network properties of the brain. In this multi-center study, we determined global characteristics of brain networks using graph theory and related these to GCA in healthy controls and individuals with schizophrenia. METHODS Participants (N=116 controls, 80 patients with schizophrenia) were recruited from four sites. GCA was represented by the first principal component of a large battery of neurocognitive tests. Graph metrics were derived from diffusion-weighted imaging. RESULTS The global metrics of longer characteristic path length and reduced overall connectivity predicted lower GCA across groups, and group differences were noted for both variables. Measures of clustering, efficiency, and modularity did not differ across groups or predict GCA. Follow-up analyses investigated three topological types of connectivity--connections among high degree "rich club" nodes, "feeder" connections to these rich club nodes, and "local" connections not involving the rich club. Rich club and local connectivity predicted performance across groups. In a subsample (N=101 controls, 56 patients), a genetic measure reflecting mutation load, based on rare copy number deletions, was associated with longer characteristic path length. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of characteristic path lengths and rich club connectivity for GCA and provide no evidence for group differences in the relationships between graph metrics and GCA.
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Martin AK, Robinson G, Reutens D, Mowry B. Clinical and parental age characteristics of rare copy number variant burden in patients with schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168B:374-82. [PMID: 25943776 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variant (CNV) burden, especially for rare deletions, has been associated with risk for schizophrenia as well as phenotypic differences within cognitive and neuroimaging domains. The current study investigated clinical and parental age characteristics of rare CNV burden in patients with schizophrenia. Clinical data was collected for 629 patients with schizophrenia who formed part of a genomewide association study, which included CNV data. Parental age was available for 368 patients. Correlations were calculated between burden scores and positive, negative, and mood symptoms from the Lifetime Diagnostic Psychosis Scale as well as age at onset. Patients were grouped according to number of rare deletions, duplications, or total CNVs and MANOVAs used to investigate differences in clinical and parental age characteristics. Patients with the least number of CNVs had older fathers and larger parental age difference. Patients with no deletions had older mothers and those with five or more deletions had younger mothers. Total deletion, duplication, and CNV burden, as measured by number of base pairs, were not associated with clinical or parental age differences although total rare duplication burden had a negative correlation with positive symptoms that did not survive correction for multiple testing. Likewise, a positive correlation between age at onset and total CNV burden did not survive correction. Rare CNVs are associated with differences in parental age in patients with schizophrenia. No robust clinical differences were identified. However, duplication burden may have a small protective effect against positive symptoms and age at onset may be influenced by total CNV burden. No clinical differences were associated with deletion burden measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Martin
- University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gail Robinson
- University of Queensland, School of Psychology, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Reutens
- University of Queensland, Centre for Advanced Imaging, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bryan Mowry
- University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Queensland, Australia
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13
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Woodley of Menie MA. How fragile is our intellect? Estimating losses in general intelligence due to both selection and mutation accumulation. Personality and Individual Differences 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kenneth Martin A, Robinson G, Reutens D, Mowry B. Cognitive and structural neuroimaging characteristics of schizophrenia patients with large, rare copy number deletions. Psychiatry Res 2014; 224:311-8. [PMID: 25453991 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Large (>500 Kb), rare (frequency <1%) deletions are associated with risk for schizophrenia. The aim of the study was to characterise patients with these deletions using measures of cognition, grey-matter volume and white-matter integrity. Patients with schizophrenia and large, rare deletions (SZ-del) (n=17) were assessed on a test of intelligence, the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), and compared with age- and sex-matched schizophrenia patients without large, rare deletions (SZ-nodel) (n=65), and healthy controls (HCs) (n=50). Regional grey-matter differences were investigated using voxel-based morphometry (SZ-del=9; SZ-nodel=26; HC=19). White-matter integrity was assessed using fractional anisotropy (SZ-del=9; SZ-nodel=24; HC=15). Compared with schizophrenia patients without large, rare deletions, those with large, rare deletions had lower IQ; greater grey-matter volume in clusters with peaks in the left and right cerebellum, left hippocampus, and right rectal gyrus; and increased white-matter anisotropy in the body and genu of the corpus callosum. Compared with healthy controls, patients with large, rare deletions had reduced grey matter volume in the right calcarine gyrus. In sum, patients with large, rare deletions had structural profiles intermediate to those observed in healthy controls and schizophrenia patients without large, rare deletions, but had greater impairment in intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kenneth Martin
- University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, St Lucia Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Gail Robinson
- University of Queensland, School of Psychology, St Lucia Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David Reutens
- University of Queensland, Centre for Advanced Imaging, St Lucia Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bryan Mowry
- University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, St Lucia Queensland 4072, Australia; University of Queensland, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol 4076, Queensland
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15
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Martin A, Robinson G, Reutens D, Mowry B. Copy number deletion burden is associated with cognitive, structural, and resting-state network differences in patients with schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2014; 272:324-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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17
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Yeo RA, Gangestad SW, Walton E, Ehrlich S, Pommy J, Turner JA, Liu J, Mayer AR, Schulz SC, Ho BC, Bustillo JR, Wassink TH, Sponheim SR, Morrow EM, Calhoun VD. Genetic influences on cognitive endophenotypes in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 156:71-5. [PMID: 24768440 PMCID: PMC4699552 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits are prominent in schizophrenia and represent promising endophenotypes for genetic research. METHODS The current study investigated the importance of two conceptually distinct genetic aggregates, one based on copy number variations (uncommon deletion burden), and one based on single nucleotide polymorphisms identified in recent risk studies (genetic risk score). The impact of these genetic factors, and their interaction, was examined on cognitive endophenotypes defined by principal component analysis (PCA) in a multi-center sample of 50 patients with schizophrenia and 86 controls. PCA was used to identify three different types of executive function (EF: planning, fluency, and inhibition), and in separate analyses, a measure general cognitive ability (GCA). RESULTS Cognitive deficits were prominent among individuals with schizophrenia, but no group differences were evident for either genetic factor. Among patients the deletion burden measures predicted cognitive deficits across the three EF components and GCA. Further, an interaction was noted between the two genetic factors for both EF and GCA and the observed patterns of interaction suggested antagonistic epistasis. In general, the set of genetic interactions examined predicted a substantial portion of variance in these cognitive endophenotypes. LIMITATIONS Though adequately powered, our sample size is small for a genetic study. CONCLUSIONS These results draw attention to genetic interactions and the possibility that genetic influences on cognition differ in patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A. Yeo
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA,The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Esther Walton
- MGH/MIT/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- MGH/MIT/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jessica Pommy
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Dept of Psychology and the Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jingyu Liu
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - S. Charles Schulz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Beng-Choon Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Juan R. Bustillo
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Thomas H. Wassink
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Scott R. Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Minneapolis Veterans Administration Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric M. Morrow
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Blangero J. Complex rare variation and its role in endophenotypic variation in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73:499-500. [PMID: 23438633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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