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Yang X, Wang S, Pi K, Ge H, Zhang S, Gerson AR. Coagulation as an effective method for cyanobacterial bloom control: A review. Water Environ Res 2024; 96:e11002. [PMID: 38403998 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Eutrophication, the over-enrichment with nutrients, for example, nitrogen and phosphorus, of ponds, reservoirs and lakes, is an urgent water quality issue. The most notorious symptom of eutrophication is a massive proliferation of cyanobacteria, which cause aquatic organism death, impair ecosystem and harm human health. The method considered to be most effective to counteract eutrophication is to reduce external nutrient inputs. However, merely controlling external nutrient load is insufficient to mitigate eutrophication. Consequently, a rapid diminishing of cyanobacterial blooms is relied on in-lake intervention, which may encompass a great variety of different approaches. Coagulation/flocculation is the most used and important water purification unit. Since cyanobacterial cells generally carry negative charges, coagulants are added to water to neutralize the negative charges on the surface of cyanobacteria, causing them to destabilize and precipitate. Most of cyanobacteria and their metabolites can be removed simultaneously. However, when cyanobacterial density is high, sticky secretions distribute outside cells because of the small size of cyanobacteria. The sticky secretions are easily to form complex colloids with coagulants, making it difficult for cyanobacteria to destabilize and resulting in unsatisfactory treatment effects of coagulation on cyanobacteria. Therefore, various coagulants and coagulation methods were developed. In this paper, the focus is on the coagulation of cyanobacteria as a promising tool to manage eutrophication. Basic principles, applications, pros and cons of chemical, physical and biological coagulation are reviewed. In addition, the application of coagulation in water treatment is discussed. It is the aim of this review article to provide a significant reference for large-scale governance of cyanobacterial blooms. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Flocculation was a promising tool for controlling cyanobacteria blooms. Basic principles of four kinds of flocculation methods were elucidated. Flocculant was important in the flocculation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Yang
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shulian Wang
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kewu Pi
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Technology and Equipment for Water Environment Pollution Monitoring, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Ge
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Andrea R Gerson
- Blue Minerals Consultancy, Wattle Grove, Tasmania, Australia
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Hossain SM, Park H, Kang H, Mun JS, Tijing L, Rhee I, Kim J, Jun Y, Shon HK. Modified Hydrothermal Route for Synthesis of Photoactive Anatase TiO2/g-CN Nanotubes from Sludge Generated TiO2. Catalysts 2020; 10:1350. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Titania nanotube was prepared from sludge generated TiO2 (S-TNT) through a modified hydrothermal route and successfully composited with graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) through a simple calcination step. Advanced characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV/visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and photoluminescence analysis were utilized to characterize the prepared samples. A significant improvement in morphological and optical bandgap was observed. The effective surface area of the prepared composite increased threefold compared with sludge generated TiO2. The optical bandgap was narrowed to 3.00 eV from 3.18 in the pristine sludge generated TiO2 nanotubes. The extent of photoactivity of the prepared composites was investigated through photooxidation of NOx in a continuous flow reactor. Because of extended light absorption of the as-prepared composite, under visible light, 19.62% of NO removal was observed. On the other hand, under UV irradiation, owing to bandgap narrowing, although the light absorption was compromised, the impact on photoactivity was compensated by the increased effective surface area of 153.61 m2/g. Hence, under UV irradiance, the maximum NO removal was attained as 32.44% after 1 h of light irradiation. The proposed facile method in this study for the heterojunction of S-TNT and g-CN could significantly contribute to resource recovery from water treatment plants and photocatalytic atmospheric pollutant removal.
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Vo TTT, Nguyen HS, Tran TT, Lam PTH, Nguyen TT, Nguyen NH. Effects of environmental factors and synthesis conditions on the photocatalytic activity of titanate nanotubes for removal of gaseous formaldehyde. Res Chem Intermed 2020; 46:4793-809. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hussain S, Awad J, Sarkar B, Chow CW, Duan J, van Leeuwen J. Coagulation of dissolved organic matter in surface water by novel titanium (III) chloride: Mechanistic surface chemical and spectroscopic characterisation. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rhee I, Lee JS, Kim JB, Kim JH. Nitrogen Oxides Mitigation Efficiency of Cementitious Materials Incorporated with TiO₂. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11060877. [PMID: 29882935 PMCID: PMC6025029 DOI: 10.3390/ma11060877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We explored the photocatalytic capacities of cementitious materials (cement paste and mortar) incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2). P-25 is a commercial TiO2 preparation which, if incorporated into large civil buildings, is extremely expensive. It is essential to produce low-cost TiO2. A cheap anatase form of TiO2 powder, NP-400, manufactured under relatively low burning temperature, was considered in this paper. Addition of NP-400 to 0, 5, 10, and 20 wt % did not significantly affect the compressive strengths of mortar or cement paste. However, the compressive strengths of P-25-containing specimens were more consistent than those of NP-400-containing materials. The nitrogen oxide (NO) removal efficiencies by mortar with 5 and 10 wt % TiO2 were similar at ca. 14–16%; the removal efficiency by mortar with 20 wt % NP-400 was ca. 70%. Although the NP-400 cluster size was almost halved by ultrasonication, NO removal efficiency was not enhanced. Removal was enhanced by the presence of accessible surface area: NP-400 dispersed in these surfaces readily adsorbed NO, aided by the large surface areas of the top and bottom faces. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX) confirmed that NP-400 tended to sink when added to cement, fine aggregates, and water because the true densities of P-25, NP-400, and cement powder differed (3.41, 3.70, and 3.15 g/mL). The true density of NP-400 was thus the highest of all ingredients. The relatively low apparent density of P-25 compared to that of NP-400 was associated with a more bulky distribution of P-25 within cementitious materials. Nevertheless, NP-400 could be a viable alternative to the definitive product, P-25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyu Rhee
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Bio-Housing Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Jong Beom Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Jong-Ho Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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Chávez-Lizárraga GA. Nanotecnología una alternativa para el tratamiento de aguas residuales: Avances, Ventajas y Desventajas. J Selva Andina Res Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsars.2018.090100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chekli L, Eripret C, Park S, Tabatabai S, Vronska O, Tamburic B, Kim J, Shon H. Coagulation performance and floc characteristics of polytitanium tetrachloride (PTC) compared with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ) and ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) in algal turbid water. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Galloux J, Chekli L, Phuntsho S, Tijing L, Jeong S, Zhao Y, Gao B, Park S, Shon H. Coagulation performance and floc characteristics of polytitanium tetrachloride and titanium tetrachloride compared with ferric chloride for coal mining wastewater treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chekli L, Galloux J, Zhao Y, Gao B, Shon H. Coagulation performance and floc characteristics of polytitanium tetrachloride (PTC) compared with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and iron salts in humic acid–kaolin synthetic water treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Huang X, Gao B, Rong H, Yue Q, Zhang Y, Teng P. Effect of using polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride as coagulation aid on polytitanium salt coagulation performance, floc properties and sludge reuse. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Park SM, Chekli L, Kim JB, Shahid M, Shon HK, Kim PS, Lee WS, Lee WE, Kim JH. NO removal of mortar mixed with titania produced from Ti-salt flocculated sludge. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhao YX, Shon HK, Phuntsho S, Gao BY. Removal of natural organic matter by titanium tetrachloride: The effect of total hardness and ionic strength. J Environ Manage 2014; 134:20-29. [PMID: 24463732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first attempt to investigate the effect of total hardness and ionic strength on coagulation performance and the floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Membrane fouling under different total hardness and ionic strength conditions was also evaluated during a coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) hybrid process. Coagulation experiments were performed with two simulated waters, using humic acid (HA, high molecular weight) and fulvic acid (FA, relatively low molecular weight), respectively, as model natural organic matter (NOM). Results show that both particle and organic matter removal can be enhanced by increasing total hardness and ionic strength. Floc characteristics were significantly influenced by total hardness and ionic strength and were improved in terms of floc size, growth rate, strength, recoverability and compactness. The results of the UF tests show that the pre-coagulation with TiCl4 significantly improves the membrane permeate fluxes. Under different total hardness and ionic strength conditions, the membrane permeate flux varied according to both NOM and floc characteristics. The increase in total hardness and ionic strength improved the membrane permeate flux in the case of HA simulated water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - H K Shon
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - S Phuntsho
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - B Y Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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El Saliby I, Okour Y, Shon HK, Kandasamy J, Lee WE, Kim JH. TiO2 nanoparticles and nanofibres from TiCl4 flocculated sludge: Characterisation and photocatalytic activity. J IND ENG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wong CL, Tan YN, Mohamed AR. A review on the formation of titania nanotube photocatalysts by hydrothermal treatment. J Environ Manage 2011; 92:1669-80. [PMID: 21450395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Titania nanotubes are gaining prominence in photocatalysis, owing to their excellent physical and chemical properties such as high surface area, excellent photocatalytic activity, and widespread availability. They are easily produced by a simple and effective hydrothermal method under mild temperature and pressure conditions. This paper reviews and analyzes the mechanism of titania nanotube formation by hydrothermal treatment. It further examines the parameters that affect the formation of titania nanotubes, such as starting material, sonication pretreatment, hydrothermal temperature, washing process, and calcination process. Finally, the effects of the presence of dopants on the formation of titania nanotubes are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Leng Wong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Okour Y, Shon HK, Liu H, Kim JB, Kim JH. Seasonal variation in the properties of titania photocatalysts produced from Ti-salt flocculated bioresource sludge. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:5545-5549. [PMID: 21144742 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ti-salt flocculation of biologically treated sewage effluent (BTSE) was carried out on monthly basis during one year to trace the seasonal variation in the properties of BTSE, Ti-salt flocculated BTSE and titania photocatalysts. Titania photocatalysts were produced from incineration of Ti-salt flocculated sludge at 600°C. The physio-chemical properties of BTSE, Ti-salt flocculated BTSE and titania photocatalysts were investigated. The photocatalytic activity of titania was examined using different substrates of rhodamine B and humic acid under UV light irradiation. Results indicated that the flocculation performance of Ti-salt was not affected by the seasonal variation of BTSE. BTSE characteristics resulted in marginal effect in titania characterisation and photocatalytic activity. Titania photocatalysts produced from Ti-salt flocculated sludge in different seasons showed constant anatase phase, high BET surface area and high photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Okour
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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Srinivas B, Anil Kumar Reddy P, Rajesh M, Durga Kumari V, Subrahmanyam M, De BR. Selective solar photocatalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene on C, N, and S doped TiO2. Res Chem Intermed 2011; 37:901-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-011-0298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Na S, Shon HK, Kim JB, Park HJ, Kim J. Preparation and characterization of titania nanoparticle produced from Ti-flocculated sludge with paper mill wastewater. J IND ENG CHEM 2011; 17:277-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2011.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kim J, Cho DL, Kim G, Gao B, Shon HK. Titania Nanomaterials Produced from Ti-Salt Flocculated Sludge in Water Treatment. Catal Surv Asia 2011; 15:117-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10563-011-9115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Senthilnanthan M, Ho D, Vigneswaran S, Ngo H, Shon H. Visible light responsive ruthenium-doped titanium dioxide for the removal of metsulfuron-methyl herbcide in aqueous phase. Sep Purif Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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