1
|
Baev V, Iliev I, Stefanov Y, Tsankova M, Marhova M, Apostolova E, Gozmanova M, Yahubyan G, Kostadinova S. Exploring the Genomic Landscape of Bacillus paranthracis PUMB_17 as a Proficient Phosphatidylcholine-Specific Phospholipase C Producer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2497-2513. [PMID: 38534774 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases find versatile applications across industries, including detergent production, food modification, pharmaceuticals (especially in drug delivery systems), and cell signaling research. In this study, we present a strain of Bacillus paranthracis for the first time, demonstrating significant potential in the production of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC). The investigation thoroughly examines the B. paranthracis PUMB_17 strain, focusing on the activity of PC-PLC and its purification process. Notably, the PUMB_17 strain displays extracellular PC-PLC production with high specific activity during the late exponential growth phase. To unravel the genetic makeup of PUMB_17, we employed nanopore-based whole-genome sequencing and subsequently conducted a detailed genome annotation. The genome comprises a solitary circular chromosome spanning 5,250,970 bp, featuring a guanine-cytosine ratio of 35.49. Additionally, two plasmids of sizes 64,250 bp and 5845 bp were identified. The annotation analysis reveals the presence of 5328 genes, encompassing 5186 protein-coding sequences, and 142 RNA genes, including 39 rRNAs, 103 tRNAs, and 5 ncRNAs. The aim of this study was to make a comprehensive genomic exploration that promises to enhance our understanding of the previously understudied and recently documented capabilities of Bacillus paranthracis and to shed light on a potential use of the strain in the industrial production of PC-PLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vesselin Baev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Iliev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Marinela Tsankova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mariana Marhova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Elena Apostolova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Mariyana Gozmanova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Galina Yahubyan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Sonya Kostadinova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Tzar Assen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sisa A, Sotomayor C, Buitrón L, Gómez-Estaca J, Martínez-Alvarez O, Mosquera M. Evaluation of by-products from agricultural, livestock and fishing industries as nutrient source for the production of proteolytic enzymes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20735. [PMID: 37867804 PMCID: PMC10585220 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents an approach that utilizes low-value agro-industrial by-products as culture media for producing high-value proteolytic enzymes. The objective was to assess the impact of six agro-industrial by-products as culture media on the production of proteolytic enzymes. Bacillus subtilis strains, confirmed through comprehensive biochemical, morphological, and molecular analyses, were isolated and identified. Enzymatic activity was evaluated using azocasein and casein substrates, and the molecular sizes of the purified extract components were determined. The results demonstrated that the isolated bacteria exhibited higher metabolic and enzymatic activity when cultured in media containing 1 % soybean oil cake or feather meal. Furthermore, higher concentrations of the culture media were found to hinder the production of protease. Optimal protease synthesis on soybean oil cake and feather meal media was achieved after 4 days, using both the azocasein and casein methods. Semi-purification of the enzymatic extract obtained from Bacillus subtilis in feather meal and soybean oil cake resulted in a significant increase in azocaseinolytic and caseinolytic activities. Gel electrophoresis analysis revealed multiple bands in the fractions with the highest enzymatic activity in soybean oil cake, indicating the presence of various enzymes with varying molecular sizes. These findings highlight the potential of utilizing low-value agro-industrial by-products as efficient culture media for the sustainable and economically viable production of proteolytic enzymes with promising applications in various industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Sisa
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, P.O. Box 17-01-2759, Ecuador
| | - Cristina Sotomayor
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, P.O. Box 17-01-2759, Ecuador
| | - Lucía Buitrón
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, P.O. Box 17-01-2759, Ecuador
| | - Joaquín Gómez-Estaca
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), 6 José Antonio Novais St., 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Martínez-Alvarez
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), 6 José Antonio Novais St., 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mauricio Mosquera
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, P.O. Box 17-01-2759, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abo-Kamer AM, Abd-El-Salam IS, Mostafa FA, Mustafa AERA, Al-Madboly LA. A promising microbial α-amylase production, and purification from Bacillus cereus and its assessment as antibiofilm agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogen. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:141. [PMID: 37528448 PMCID: PMC10391895 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The purpose of the current study is to isolate a heavily amylase-producing bacteria of the genus Bacillus from soil samples, optimize the production of the enzyme, purify it, and evaluate its activity against biofilm-producing bacteria. A total of 12 soil samples were collected and screened for promising Bacillus species with good amylolytic activity. Isolation was done by serial dilution and plating technique and amylolytic activity was determined by starch agar plate method. Among the 12 Bacillus isolates recovered from soil samples, 7 showed positive α-amylase production. The best isolate that recorded the greatest amylolytic activity was selected for further studies. This isolate was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Bacillus cereus and registered under gene bank accession number OP811897. Furthermore, the α-amylase enzyme was produced by a submerged fermentation technique using best production media and partially purified by ammonium sulfate and chilled ethanol and molecular weight had been determined by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. The production of α-amylase was optimized experimentally by one-factor at a time protocol and statistically by Plackett-Burman design as well as RSM CCD design. Data obtained from OFAT and CCD revealed that α-amylase activities were 1.5- and twofold respectively higher as compared to un-optimized conditions. The most significant factors had been identified and optimized by CCD design. RESULTS Among the eleven independent variables tested by PBD, glucose, peptone, (NH4)2SO4, and Mg SO4 were the most significant parameters for α-amylase production with an actual yield of 250U/ml. The best physical parameters affecting the enzyme production were incubation time at 35 °C, and pH 5.5 for 48 h. The partially purified enzyme with 60% ammonium sulphate saturation with 1.38- fold purification showed good stability characteristics at a storage temperature of 4 °C and pH up to 8.5 for 21 days. Antibiofilm activity of purified α-amylase was determined against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 35659) by spectrophotometric analysis and CLSM microscopic analysis. Results demonstrated biofilm inhibition by 84% of the formed Pseudomonas biofilm using a microtiter plate assay and thickness inhibition activity by 83% with live/Dead cells percentage of 17%/83% using CLSM protocol. CONCLUSIONS A highly stable purified α-amylase from B. cereus showed promising antibiofilm activity against one of the clinically important biofilm-forming MDR organisms that could be used as a cost-effective tool in pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Abo-Kamer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim S Abd-El-Salam
- Departemet of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Faten A Mostafa
- Departemet of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abd-El-Rahman A Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Al-Madboly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdella MAA, Ahmed SA, Ibrahim OA. Statistical improvement of protease production from a new isolate Bacillus thuringiensis strain-MA8 and its application in the production of enzyme-modified cheese. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:361-375. [PMID: 36375672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-modified cheese (EMC) is a concentrated cheese flavor that is produced enzymatically from dairy substrates to provide an intense source of cheese flavor with broad applications. In this study, EMC was produced by enzymatic biotransformation from a new bacterial isolate described and molecularly identified as Bacillus thuringiensis strain-MA8. Optimization of protease production conditions using one-variable-at-a-time followed by multi-factorial (Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken) designs increased production by 7-fold. Protease was used at different concentrations (300 and 900 U/100 g curd) as a cost-effective source of concentrated cheese flavor in the EMC preparation. Sensorial evaluation of EMC revealed that the overall acceptability, flavor, and texture were improved from the 2nd day compared to the control, and then decreased on the 4th day without any apparent bitterness. The chemical characteristics of EMC showed that the addition of protease extracts increased the total volatile fatty acids, water-soluble nitrogen, and acidity of EMC significantly (p≤0.05) compared to the control. The amino acids profile revealed that EMC1 which was treated with (300 U/100 g curd) protease had the highest essential amino acids (EAA) and EAA/total amino acids ratio. Nutritional parameters including protein efficiency ratio, biological value, and chemical score of EMC were higher than control based on Val, Met + Cys, Ile, Leu, and Phe + Tyr amino acids. Also, Scanning Electron Microscopy showed significant changes in EMC compared to the control. In conclusion, the addition of (300 U/100g curd) of protease revealed good EMC characteristics without any apparent defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A A Abdella
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries research institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samia A Ahmed
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries research institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Osama A Ibrahim
- Dairy Science Department, Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arya PS, Yagnik SM, Rajput KN, Panchal RR, Raval VH. Valorization of agro-food wastes: Ease of concomitant-enzymes production with application in food and biofuel industries. Bioresour Technol 2022; 361:127738. [PMID: 35940324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The novel and greener approach toward the co-production of hydrolytic enzymes in a single-cultivation medium with inexpensive substrates can bring down the production costs. Likewise, the natural and industrial organic biomass/solid are all nutritionally rich substrates waiting for free use in industries such as food, biofuel, etc. Valorization must broaden its applications in industries and households with a step towards a sustainable environment. The biofuel approach can be projected as one of the most promising deputations to meet future energy demands, in reduction of the environmental pollution due to excessive fossil fuel consumption. The present review highlights the multifaceted stature of microbial enzymes in this direction and possible implications mainly in the food industry and biofuel with the global impact of similar bio-based industries. In this review, design scale-up, fermentation cost, energy needs,and agro-food waste management have been meticulously delineated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant S Arya
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Shivani M Yagnik
- Department of Microbiology, Christ College, Vidya Niketan, Rajkot 360005, India
| | - Kiransinh N Rajput
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Rakeshkumar R Panchal
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India
| | - Vikram H Raval
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dhayalan A, Velramar B, Govindasamy B, Ramalingam KR, Dilipkumar A, Pachiappan P. Isolation of a bacterial strain from the gut of the fish, Systomus sarana, identification of the isolated strain, optimized production of its protease, the enzyme purification, and partial structural characterization. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:24. [PMID: 35142906 PMCID: PMC8831710 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study focuses on the isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium from the gut of fresh water fish, Systomus sarana, the innovative optimization of culture parameters to produce maximum protease enzyme, by the isolated bacterium, and the elucidation of peptide profile of the protease. And the experimental data and results were authenticated through the response surface method (RSM) and Box-Behnken design (BBD) model. RESULTS During the RSM optimization, the interaction of the highest concentrations (%) of 2.2 maltose, 2.2 beef extract, and 7.0 pH, at 37 °C incubation, yielded a maximum protease enzyme of 245 U/ml by the fish gut-isolated, B. thuringiensis. The spectral analysis of the obtained enzyme revealed the presence of major functional groups at the range of 610-3852 cm-1 viz., alkynes (-C≡C-H: C-H stretch), misc (P-H phosphine sharp), α, β-unsaturated aldehydes, and through PAGE analysis, its molecular weight was determined as 27 kDa. The enzyme's MALDI-TOF/MS analysis revealed the presence of 15 peptides from which the R.YHTVCDPR.L peptide has been found to be a major one. CONCLUSIONS The fish gut-isolated bacterium, B. thuringiensis, SS4 exhibited the potential for high protease production under the innovatively optimized culture conditions, and the obtained result provides scope for applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arul Dhayalan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.,ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, SRS, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, Karnataka, India
| | - Balasubramanian Velramar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.,Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Raipur, 493225, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Balasubramani Govindasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.,ICAR- Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, 600028, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthik Raja Ramalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aiswarya Dilipkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India.,1/145, New Mariyaman Kovil Street, Bominayakanpatti post, Pagalpatti, Salem, 636304, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Perumal Pachiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India. .,Department of Marine Science, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mahmoud A, Kotb E, Alqosaibi AI, Al-Karmalawy AA, Al-Dhuayan IS, Alabkari H. In vitro and in silico characterization of alkaline serine protease from Bacillus subtilis D9 recovered from Saudi Arabia. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08148. [PMID: 34703922 PMCID: PMC8524146 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have isolated and characterized proteolytic soil bacteria and their alkaline protease. Based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, 12 isolates with the highest protease activity were classified as B. subtilis and B. cereus groups. B. subtilis D9 isolate showing the highest protease activity was selected for in vitro and in silico analysis for its ِِAKD9 protease. The enzyme has a molecular mass of 48 kDa, exhibiting optimal activity at 50 °C pH 9.5, and showed high stability till 65 °C and pH 8–11 for 1 h. Fe3+ stimulated, but Zn2+ and Hg2+ strongly inhibited the protease activity. Also, the maximum inhibition with PMSF indicated serine protease-type of AKD9 protease. AkD9 alkaline serine protease gene showed high sequence similarity and close phylogenetic relationship with AprX serine protease of B. subtilis isolates. Functional prediction of AKD9 resulted in the detection of subtilase domain, peptidase_S8 family, and subtilase active sites. Moreover, prediction of physicochemical properties indicated that AKD9 serine protease is hydrophilic, thermostable, and alkali-halo stable. Secondary structure prediction revealed the dominance of the coils enhances AKD9 activity and stability under saline and alkaline conditions. Based on molecular docking, AKD9 showed very promising binding affinities towards casein substrate with expected intrinsic proteolytic activities matching our obtained in vitro results. In conclusion, AKD9 alkaline serine protease seems to be a significant candidate for industrial applications because of its stability, hydrophilicity, enhanced thermostability, and alkali-halo stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Mahmoud
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Kotb
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany I Alqosaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Ibtesam S Al-Dhuayan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hameedah Alabkari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kalia S, Bhattacharya A, Prajapati SK, Malik A. Utilization of starch effluent from a textile industry as a fungal growth supplement for enhanced α-amylase production for industrial application. Chemosphere 2021; 279:130554. [PMID: 33873067 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Desizing process in textile industry produces large volume of starch effluent. This carbon-rich waste can be used for resource recovery, such as the production of industrially useful enzymes. The present work assesses the usability of starch effluent from textile industry as an additional carbon source for enhanced production of α-amylase during solid-state fermentation (SSF) of agro-wastes by Trichoderma reesei. A significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in α-amylase activity (25.48 ± 1.12 U mL-1) was observed with supplementation of starch effluent in SSF. Partial purification of α-amylase by 80% ammonium sulphate precipitation produced a yield of 58.39% enzyme with purification fold of 1.89. The enzyme was thermally stable at 40 °C with 90% residual activity after 5 h and 70% residual activity at 50 °C after 3 h. Using Michaelis-Menten kinetics analysis, the estimated Km and Vmax values for the partially purified α-amylase were found to be 2.55 mg mL-1 and 53.47 U mg-1, respectively. For the rapid assessment of the industrial application, desizing of the fabric was attempted. The cotton fabric was efficiently desized using α-amylase (at a concentration of 1% on the weight of fabric basis) at 80 °C. The present work demonstrates starch effluent from desizing process as a resource for the production of amylase. The amylase can further be used in the desizing process. With in-depth research, the work may lead to the development of a closed-loop, waste-recycling process for the textile industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kalia
- Applied Microbiology Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Arghya Bhattacharya
- Applied Microbiology Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016, India; Department of Biotechnology, Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology University, Gunupur, Odisha, 765022, India.
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Prajapati
- Environment and Biofuel Research Lab, Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gao M, Zhang X, Tian Y, Zhang C, Peng B. Development and validation of a label-free method for measuring the collagen hydrolytic activity of protease. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:2525-2539. [PMID: 34405273 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant fibrous structural protein, and therefore, the quantitative evaluation of the effect of protease on collagen has a profound influence on enzyme application. In this research, unlabeled native bovine hide powder was utilized to detect collagen hydrolytic activity of the protease. The optimum conditions of the determination method were as follows: 30 mg/mL substrate concentration, 30 min reaction time, and 2-9 U/mL enzyme concentration. Then, several typical industrial protease preparations were chosen to measure collagenolytic activities at different temperatures and pH values, whose change trends were quite distinct from those of proteolytic activity assay method based on casein or dye-labeled hide powder substrate. Especially, in the pH 5-7, casein hydrolytic activities of these proteases showed sharper peaks with relative activity from 6% to 100%, whereas, their collagen hydrolytic activities based on native hide powder exhibited 30-100% with broader peaks. And collagen hydrolytic activities resulted from using dye-labeled substrate reached a lower optimum pH value than that of other methods. Besides, the results of these measurements displayed a moderate degree of reproducibility. This method is more reasonable than the protease assay method using casein or labeled hide powder as the substrate in many fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengchu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yongxin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Biyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China. .,National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bandal JN, Tile VA, Sayyed RZ, Jadhav HP, Azelee NIW, Danish S, Datta R. Statistical Based Bioprocess Design for Improved Production of Amylase from Halophilic Bacillus sp. H7 Isolated from Marine Water. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102833. [PMID: 34064563 PMCID: PMC8150710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) enzyme has gained tremendous demand in various industries, including wastewater treatment, bioremediation and nano-biotechnology. This compels the availability of enzyme in greater yields that can be achieved by employing potential amylase-producing cultures and statistical optimization. The use of Plackett-Burman design (PBD) that evaluates various medium components and having two-level factorial designs help to determine the factor and its level to increase the yield of product. In the present work, we are reporting the screening of amylase-producing marine bacterial strain identified as Bacillus sp. H7 by 16S rRNA. The use of two-stage statistical optimization, i.e., PBD and response surface methodology (RSM), using central composite design (CCD) further improved the production of amylase. A 1.31-fold increase in amylase production was evident using a 5.0 L laboratory-scale bioreactor. Statistical optimization gives the exact idea of variables that influence the production of enzymes, and hence, the statistical approach offers the best way to optimize the bioprocess. The high catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of amylase from Bacillus sp. H7 on soluble starch was estimated to be 13.73 mL/s/mg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. N. Bandal
- Department of Microbiology, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce, and A.M. Science College, Nashik 422002, Maharashtra, India;
- Correspondence: (J.N.B.); (R.Z.S.); (R.D.)
| | - V. A. Tile
- Department of Microbiology, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce, and A.M. Science College, Nashik 422002, Maharashtra, India;
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s, Arts, Science & Commerce College, Shahada 425409, Maharashtra, India;
- Correspondence: (J.N.B.); (R.Z.S.); (R.D.)
| | - H. P. Jadhav
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s, Arts, Science & Commerce College, Shahada 425409, Maharashtra, India;
| | - N. I. Wan Azelee
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Subhan Danish
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno-sever-Černá Pole, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (J.N.B.); (R.Z.S.); (R.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Park SA, Bhatia SK, Park HA, Kim SY, Sudheer PDVN, Yang YH, Choi KY. Bacillus subtilis as a robust host for biochemical production utilizing biomass. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:827-848. [PMID: 33622141 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1888069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is regarded as a suitable host for biochemical production owing to its excellent growth and bioresource utilization characteristics. In addition, the distinct endogenous metabolic pathways and the suitability of the heterologous pathways have made B. subtilis a robust and promising host for producing biochemicals, such as: bioalcohols; bioorganic acids (lactic acids, α-ketoglutaric acid, and γ-aminobutyric acid); biopolymers (poly(γ-glutamic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and polysaccharides and monosaccharides (N-acetylglucosamine, xylooligosaccharides, and hyaluronic acid)); and bioflocculants. Also for producing oligopeptides and functional peptides, owing to its efficient protein secretion system. Several metabolic and genetic engineering techniques, such as target gene overexpression and inactivation of bypass pathways, have led to the improvement in production titers and product selectivity. In this review article, recent progress in the utilization of robust B. subtilis-based host systems for biomass conversion and biochemical production has been highlighted, and the prospects of such host systems are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seo A Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun A Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seo Yeong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Young Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Avcı A, Değirmen M, Akçay FA. Investigation of lentil flour utilization for the production of protease by Bacillus subtilis ZBP4. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1870109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Avcı
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Merve Değirmen
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Talas, Turkey
| | - Fikriye Alev Akçay
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Patil R, Arvindekar A. Glycation of gut proteins initiates microbial dysbiosis and can promote establishment of diabetes in experimental animals. Microb Pathog 2020; 152:104589. [PMID: 33171259 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity is associated with change in the gut microbiota, however, the reason for such transition is still unknown. The secondary complications in diabetes mainly stem from protein glycation, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. It is intended to study the correlation between gut proteins glycation and microbial dysbiosis and thereby progression to diabetes. The study was carried out through feeding high fructose to male Wistar rats and evaluating their gut microbiota. The rate of gut flora excretion via faecal matter was found to decrease on fructose feed for 7 days. Intestinal flora was drastically reduced and pathogenic succession observed. Intestinal fluorescence studies confirmed that there is heavy glycation of gut proteins. Microbes obtained from fructose fed animals could grow on glycated BSA. There was significant increase in level of TNF-α and IFN-γ providing evidence of inflammation. Though microbial dysbiosis was observed in diabetes, the cause for this remained elusive. In the present study we prove that high fructose feed and glycation of the gut proteins probably prevent adherence/survival of the gut microflora in control animals and promotes transition to a changed microflora which is capable of adhering/utilizing glycated proteins as well as high fructose. The changed microbiota, enhanced protein glycation and inflammation help in establishing insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Patil
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416 004, M.S, India
| | - Akalpita Arvindekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416 004, M.S, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Peña-Lucio EM, Londoño-Hernández L, Ascacio-Valdes JA, Chavéz-González ML, Bankole OE, Aguilar CN. Use of coffee pulp and sorghum mixtures in the production of n-demethylases by solid-state fermentation. Bioresour Technol 2020; 305:123112. [PMID: 32156553 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the compounds generally found in the residues of the coffee and tea industries is caffeine, which in high concentration is toxic to various organisms, making it necessary to find an adequate treatment for these residues. Biotechnological treatments using enzymes can be an alternative to valorize and detoxify these residues. However, mixtures of substrates have not been evaluated to improve production. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to study the effect of different proportions of sorghum-coffee pulp mixtures as a substrate in solid-state fermentation with the fungus Rhizopus oryzae (MUCL 28168) for the production of n-demethylases. To evaluate the synergistic and antagonistic effects of coffee pulp and sorghum mixtures on n-demethylase enzyme production, a simplex-centroid design, using four levels: 1 (100%), 1/4 (25%), 1/2 (50%), 3/4 (75%). Results obtained were favorable, achieving a caffeine demethylase activity of 18.762 U/g, and reducing the caffeine content in the coffee pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erick M Peña-Lucio
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group. Food Research Department. School of Chemistry. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Liliana Londoño-Hernández
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group. Food Research Department. School of Chemistry. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - J A Ascacio-Valdes
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group. Food Research Department. School of Chemistry. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Mónica L Chavéz-González
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group. Food Research Department. School of Chemistry. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280 Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Oluwatosin E Bankole
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Science Education, Anchor University, P. M .B. 001, Ipaja P. O., Ipaja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Cristóbal N Aguilar
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group. Food Research Department. School of Chemistry. Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, 25280 Coahuila, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Elyasi Far B, Yari Khosroushahi A, Dilmaghani A. In Silico Study of Alkaline Serine Protease and Production Optimization in Bacillus sp. Khoz1 Closed Bacillus safensis Isolated from Honey. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
16
|
Elumalai P, Lim J, Park Y, Cho M, Shea PJ, Oh B. Agricultural waste materials enhance protease production by Bacillus subtilis B22 in submerged fermentation under blue light-emitting diodes. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:821-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
17
|
Ahmed SA, Abdella MA, El-Sherbiny GM, Ibrahim AM, El-Shamy AR, Atalla SM. Application of one –factor- at-a-time and statistical designs to enhance α-amylase production by a newly isolate Bacillus subtilis strain-MK1. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
18
|
Olguin-Maciel E, Larqué-Saavedra A, Lappe-Oliveras PE, Barahona-Pérez LF, Alzate-Gaviria L, Chablé-Villacis R, Domínguez-Maldonado J, Pacheco-Catalán D, Ruíz HA, Tapia-Tussell R. Consolidated Bioprocess for Bioethanol Production from Raw Flour of Brosimum alicastrum Seeds Using the Native Strain of Trametes hirsuta Bm-2. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110483. [PMID: 31652874 PMCID: PMC6920830 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), which integrates biological pretreatment, enzyme production, saccharification, and fermentation, is a promising operational strategy for cost-effective ethanol production from biomass. In this study, the use of a native strain of Trametes hirsuta (Bm-2) was evaluated for bioethanol production from Brosimum alicastrum in a CBP. The raw seed flour obtained from the ramon tree contained 61% of starch, indicating its potential as a raw material for bioethanol production. Quantitative assays revealed that the Bm-2 strain produced the amylase enzyme with activity of 193.85 U/mL. The Bm-2 strain showed high tolerance to ethanol stress and was capable of directly producing ethanol from raw flour at a concentration of 13 g/L, with a production yield of 123.4 mL/kg flour. This study demonstrates the potential of T. hirsuta Bm-2 for starch-based ethanol production in a consolidated bioprocess to be implemented in the biofuel industry. The residual biomass after fermentation showed an average protein content of 22.5%, suggesting that it could also be considered as a valuable biorefinery co-product for animal feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Olguin-Maciel
- Renewable Energy Department, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research, Merida 97302, Mexico.
| | | | - Patricia E Lappe-Oliveras
- Mycology Laboratory, Biology Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Luis F Barahona-Pérez
- Renewable Energy Department, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research, Merida 97302, Mexico.
| | - Liliana Alzate-Gaviria
- Renewable Energy Department, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research, Merida 97302, Mexico.
| | - Rubí Chablé-Villacis
- Renewable Energy Department, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research, Merida 97302, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Hector A Ruíz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Tapia-Tussell
- Renewable Energy Department, Yucatan Center for Scientific Research, Merida 97302, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shanmugavel M, Nivedha lakshmi J, Vasantharaj S, Anu C, Paul LE, Kumar RP, Gnanamani A. Wealth from waste: Recovery of the commercially important waxy ester from enzymatic dehaired sheep wool. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
20
|
Nafisah A, Nahrowi, Mutia R, Jayanegara A. Chemical composition, chitin and cell wall nitrogen content of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae after physical and biological treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/546/4/042028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
21
|
Aguilar JGDS, Castro RJSD, Sato HH. ALKALINE PROTEASE PRODUCTION BY Bacillus licheniformis LBA 46 IN A BENCH REACTOR: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND AGITATION. Braz J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20190362s20180014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Elumalai P, Lim JM, Park YJ, Cho M, Shea PJ, Oh BT. Enhanced amylase production by a Bacillus subtilis strain under blue light-emitting diodes. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:143-150. [PMID: 30636516 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1550656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A chemotrophic, aerobic bacterial strain, Bacillus subtilis B2, was used to produce amylase by submerged fermentation under different light sources. SDS-PAGE indicated that the 55 kDa enzyme belonged to the α-amylase group. B2 was incubated in basal media with 1% soluble starch (pH 7.0) under blue, green, red, and white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and white fluorescent light. Fermentation under blue LEDs maximized amylase production (180.59 ± 1.6 U/mL at 24 h). Production at 48 h increased to 310.56 ± 1.6 U/mL with 5% glucose as a simple carbon source and to 300.51 ± 1.7 U/mL with 5% groundnut oil cake as an agricultural waste substrate. Activity and stability of the amylase were greatest at pH 7.0 and 45-55 °C. Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Co2+, Ba2+, and K+ increased activity, while Ni2+, Hg2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, and Zn2+ inhibited activity. EDTA, PMSF and DTNB reduced activity by 50% or more, while tetrafluoroethylene and 1,10-phenanthroline reduced activity by 30%. The amylase was highly tolerant of the surfactants, compatible with organic solvents, oxidizing agents and the reducing agents reduced activity. These properties suggest utility of amylase produced by B. subtilis B2 under blue LED-mediated fermentation for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Punniyakotti Elumalai
- a Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , South Korea
| | - Jeong-Muk Lim
- a Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , South Korea
| | - Yool-Jin Park
- b Department of Ecology Landscape Architecture-Design, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , South Korea
| | - Min Cho
- a Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , South Korea
| | - Patrick J Shea
- c School of Natural Resources , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska , USA
| | - Byung-Taek Oh
- a Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Castro-Alayo EM, Idrogo-Vásquez G, Siche R, Cardenas-Toro FP. Formation of aromatic compounds precursors during fermentation of Criollo and Forastero cocoa. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01157. [PMID: 30775565 PMCID: PMC6356086 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There are three main genetic varieties of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) used in chocolate making: Forastero, Trinitario and Criollo, which are distinguished by their aroma, an attribute that determines their quality. Criollo cocoa is of the highest quality and is used in the manufacture of fine chocolates because of its fruity aroma. The aroma of Criollo cocoa is defined by volatile compounds such as pyrazines and aldehydes, which are formed during roasting of the bean, from aroma precursors (reducing sugars and free amino acids) that are generated inside the bean via enzymatic reactions during fermentation; for this reason, fermentation is the most important process in the value chain. This review discusses the production of aroma precursors of Criollo and Forastero cocoa by studying the kinetics of spontaneous fermentation and the role of starter cultures to produce aroma precursors. Fine aroma precursors produced in the pulp during the fermentation phase will migrate into the bean when it's permeability is improved and then retained during the drying phase. Diffusion of aroma precursors into the cocoa bean may be possible, this process is mathematically characterized by the coefficient of molecular diffusion D, which describe the process of mass transfer via Fick's Second Law. The current state of knowledge is analyzed based on existing research and reports some gaps in the literature, suggesting future research that will be necessary for a better understanding of cocoa fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efraín M. Castro-Alayo
- Institute of Research, Innovation and Development for the Agricultural and Agroindustrial Sector of the Amazonas Region (IIDAA - Amazonas), Faculty of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza National University of Amazonas, Higos Urco Street 342-350-356, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
- Section of Industrial Engineering, Department of Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima 32, Peru
| | - Guillermo Idrogo-Vásquez
- Institute of Research, Innovation and Development for the Agricultural and Agroindustrial Sector of the Amazonas Region (IIDAA - Amazonas), Faculty of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza National University of Amazonas, Higos Urco Street 342-350-356, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Raúl Siche
- Institute of Research and Development, National University of Trujillo, Av. Juan Pablo II s/n, University City, Trujillo, Peru
| | - Fiorella P. Cardenas-Toro
- Section of Industrial Engineering, Department of Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima 32, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Aarti C, Khusro A, Agastian P. Goat dung as a feedstock for hyper-production of amylase from Glutamicibacter arilaitensis strain ALA4. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-017-0174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
|
25
|
Murlykina MV, Kornet MN, Desenko SM, Shishkina SV, Shishkin OV, Brazhko AA, Musatov VI, Van der Eycken EV, Chebanov VA. New tricks of well-known aminoazoles in isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions and antibacterial activity of the compounds synthesized. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1050-1063. [PMID: 28684984 PMCID: PMC5480327 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-known aminoazoles, 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole and 5-amino-N-aryl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamides, were studied as an amine component in Ugi and Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé multicomponent reactions. The first example of an application of aminoazoles in an Ugi four-component reaction was discovered and novel features of a Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé cyclocondensation are established and discussed. The heterocycles obtained were evaluated for their antibacterial activity and several of them demonstrated a weak antimicrobial effect, but for most of the compounds a 30-50% increase in biomass of Gram-positive strains (mainly B. subtilis) compared to control was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryna V Murlykina
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61001, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maryna N Kornet
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Physiologically Active Substances, Zaporizhzhya National University, Zhukovsky str., 66, 69600, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine
| | - Sergey M Desenko
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61001, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Faculty of Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody sq., 4, 61077, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Svetlana V Shishkina
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61001, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Faculty of Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody sq., 4, 61077, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleg V Shishkin
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61001, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Aleksander A Brazhko
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Physiologically Active Substances, Zaporizhzhya National University, Zhukovsky str., 66, 69600, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir I Musatov
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61001, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valentin A Chebanov
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61001, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody sq., 4, 61077, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|