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Santos F, Argente J. Is collagen X marker (CXM) a useful index of growth velocity in children with chronic kidney disease? Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:3871-3873. [PMID: 37495740 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Santos
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias & Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Jesús Argente
- Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús & Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Paganini C, Carroll RS, Gramegna Tota C, Schelhaas AJ, Leone A, Duker AL, O'Connell DA, Coghlan RF, Johnstone B, Ferreira CR, Peressini S, Albertini R, Forlino A, Bonafé L, Campos-Xavier AB, Superti-Furga A, Zankl A, Rossi A, Bober MB. Identification of potential non-invasive biomarkers in diastrophic dysplasia. Bone 2023; 175:116838. [PMID: 37454964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Diastrophic dysplasia (DTD) is a recessive chondrodysplasia caused by pathogenic variants in the SLC26A2 gene encoding for a cell membrane sulfate/chloride antiporter crucial for sulfate uptake and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sulfation. Research on a DTD animal model has suggested possible pharmacological treatment approaches. In view of future clinical trials, the identification of non-invasive biomarkers is crucial to assess the efficacy of treatments. Urinary GAG composition has been analyzed in several metabolic disorders including mucopolysaccharidoses. Moreover, the N-terminal fragment of collagen X, known as collagen X marker (CXM), is considered a real-time marker of endochondral ossification and growth velocity and was studied in individuals with achondroplasia and osteogenesis imperfecta. In this work, urinary GAG sulfation and blood CXM levels were investigated as potential biomarkers for individuals affected by DTD. Chondroitin sulfate disaccharide analysis was performed on GAGs isolated from urine by HPLC after GAG digestion with chondroitinase ABC and ACII, while CXM was assessed in dried blood spots. Results from DTD patients were compared with an age-matched control population. Undersulfation of urinary GAGs was observed in DTD patients with some relationship to the clinical severity and underlying SLC26A2 variants. Lower than normal CXM levels were observed in most patients, even if the marker did not show a clear pattern in our small patient cohort because CXM values are highly dependent on age, gender and growth velocity. In summary, both non-invasive biomarkers are promising assays targeting various aspects of the disorder including overall metabolism of sulfated GAGs and endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Paganini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ricki S Carroll
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, DE, USA; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chiara Gramegna Tota
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Leone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; University School for Advanced Studies Pavia, IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Brian Johnstone
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Portland, OR, USA; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Peressini
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Albertini
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luisa Bonafé
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Belinda Campos-Xavier
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Zankl
- University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Michael B Bober
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, DE, USA; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Robinson ME, Rauch D, Glorieux FH, Rauch F. Standardized growth charts for children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1075-1082. [PMID: 36922619 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is associated with short stature, which is mild, severe and moderate in OI types I, III and IV, respectively. Standardized OI type- and sex-specific growth charts across all pediatric ages do not exist. METHODS We assessed 573 individuals with OI (type I, III or IV), each with at least one height measurement between ages 3 months and 20 years (total 6523 observations). Analogous to the Centers for Disease Control pediatric growth charts, we generated OI type- and sex-specific growth charts for infants (ages 3-36 months) as well as children and adolescents (ages 2-20 years). Growth curves were fitted to the data using the LMS method and percentiles were smoothed. RESULTS Age was associated with a decline in height z-scores (p < 0.001 for all OI types), which was more pronounced in females. Height multiplier curves were produced to predict adult height in children with OI. Among individuals with OI type I, those with COL1A1 pathogenic variants leading to haploinsufficiency were taller than those with COL1A1 or COL1A2 pathogenic variants not leading to haploinsufficiency. CONCLUSION Our standardized OI type- and sex-specific growth charts can be used to assess the growth of individuals with OI from infancy to adulthood. IMPACT Standardized osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type- and sex-specific growth charts across all pediatric ages do not exist. Our study is the first to generate OI type- and sex-specific growth charts across all pediatric ages. Our height multiplier curves can be utilized to predict adult height in children with OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Robinson
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Damian Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis H Glorieux
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Hauta-Alus HH, Holmlund-Suila EM, Valkama SM, Enlund-Cerullo M, Rosendahl J, Coghlan RF, Andersson S, Mäkitie O. Collagen X Biomarker (CXM), Linear Growth, and Bone Development in a Vitamin D Intervention Study in Infants. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1653-1664. [PMID: 35838180 PMCID: PMC9544705 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Collagen X biomarker (CXM) is suggested to be a biomarker of linear growth velocity. However, early childhood data are limited. This study examines the relationship of CXM to the linear growth rate and bone development, including the possible modifying effects of vitamin D supplementation. We analyzed a cohort of 276 term-born children participating in the Vitamin D Intervention in Infants (VIDI) study. Infants received 10 μg/d (group-10) or 30 μg/d (group-30) vitamin D3 supplementation for the first 2 years of life. CXM and length were measured at 12 and 24 months of age. Tibial bone mineral content (BMC), volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), cross-sectional area (CSA), polar moment of inertia (PMI), and periosteal circumference (PsC) were measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at 12 and 24 months. We calculated linear growth as length velocity (cm/year) and the growth rate in length (SD unit). The mean (SD) CXM values were 40.2 (17.4) ng/mL at 12 months and 38.1 (12.0) ng/mL at 24 months of age (p = 0.12). CXM associated with linear growth during the 2-year follow-up (p = 0.041) but not with bone (p = 0.53). Infants in group-30 in the highest tertile of CXM exhibited an accelerated mean growth rate in length compared with the intermediate tertile (mean difference [95% CI] -0.50 [-0.98, -0.01] SD unit, p = 0.044) but not in the group-10 (p = 0.062) at 12 months. Linear association of CXM and growth rate until 12 months was weak, but at 24 months CXM associated with both length velocity (B for 1 increment of √CXM [95% CI] 0.32 [0.12, 0.52] cm/yr, p = 0.002) and growth rate in length (0.20 [0.08, 0.32] SD unit, p = 0.002). To conclude, CXM may not reliably reflect linear growth from birth to 12 months of age, but its correlation with growth velocity improves during the second year of life. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena H Hauta-Alus
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism (CAMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Population Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elisa M Holmlund-Suila
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism (CAMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara M Valkama
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism (CAMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Enlund-Cerullo
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism (CAMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Rosendahl
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism (CAMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
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Robinson ME, Rauch D, Glorieux FH, Rauch F. Pubertal growth in osteogenesis imperfecta caused by pathogenic variants in COL1A1/COL1A2. Genet Med 2022; 24:1920-1926. [PMID: 35657380 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Short stature is common in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and is usually severe in OI types III and IV. The characteristics of pubertal growth in OI have not been studied in detail. METHODS We assessed 82 individuals with OI caused by pathogenic variants in COL1A1 or COL1A2 who had annual height data between 6 and 16 years of age at a minimum. Height velocity curves were fitted to each individual's height data to describe the pubertal growth spurt. RESULTS Curve fitting was successful in 30 of the 33 individuals with OI type I (91%), in 23 of the 32 individuals with OI type IV (72%), and in 4 of the 17 participants with OI type III (24%). Pubertal growth spurt could be identified in most individuals with OI types I and IV, but rarely in OI type III. The timing of the pubertal growth spurt was similar between OI types I and IV in both sexes. However, height velocity was consistently higher in OI type I, leading to a widening height gap between OI types I and IV. CONCLUSION A pubertal growth spurt was present in most individuals with OI types I and IV, but rarely in OI type III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Robinson
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Damian Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis H Glorieux
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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