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Ferro A, Marinato GM, Mulargiu C, Marino M, Pasello G, Guarneri V, Bonanno L. The study of primary and acquired resistance to first-line osimertinib to improve the outcome of EGFR-mutated advanced Non-small cell lung cancer patients: the challenge is open for new therapeutic strategies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104295. [PMID: 38382773 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of targeted therapy in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has radically changed their clinical perspectives. Current first-line standard treatment for advanced disease is commonly considered third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), osimertinib. The study of primary and acquired resistance to front-line osimertinib is one of the main burning issues to further improve patients' outcome. Great heterogeneity has been depicted in terms of duration of clinical benefit and pattern of progression and this might be related to molecular factors including subtypes of EGFR mutations and concomitant genetic alterations. Acquired resistance can be categorized into two main classes: EGFR-dependent and EGFR-independent mechanisms and specific pattern of progression to first-line osimertinib have been demonstrated. The purpose of the manuscript is to provide a comprehensive overview of literature about molecular resistance mechanisms to first-line osimertinib, from a clinical perspective and therefore in relationship to emerging therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ferro
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Marinato
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristiana Mulargiu
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Marino
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Pasello
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanno
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
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2
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Liu Y, Zhou H, Tang X. STUB1/CHIP: New insights in cancer and immunity. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115190. [PMID: 37506582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The STUB1 gene (STIP1 homology and U-box-containing protein 1), located at 16q13.3, encodes the CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein), an essential E3 ligase involved in protein quality control. CHIP comprises three domains: an N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain, a middle coiled-coil domain, and a C-terminal U-box domain. It functions as a co-chaperone for heat shock protein (HSP) via the TPR domain and as an E3 ligase, ubiquitinating substrates through its U-box domain. Numerous studies suggest that STUB1 plays a crucial role in various physiological process, such as aging, autophagy, and bone remodeling. Moreover, emerging evidence has shown that STUB1 can degrade oncoproteins to exert tumor-suppressive functions, and it has recently emerged as a novel player in tumor immunity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of STUB1's role in cancer, including its clinical significance, impact on tumor progression, dual roles, tumor stem cell-like properties, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and DNA repair. In addition, we explore STUB1's functions in immune cell differentiation and maturation, inflammation, autoimmunity, antiviral immune response, and tumor immunity. Collectively, STUB1 represents a promising and valuable therapeutic target in cancer and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuo Liu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Honghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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3
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Hu Q, Lei J, Cheng Z, Xu J, Wang L, Yuan Y, Gan M, Wang Y, Xie Y, Yao L, Wang K, Liu Y, Xun W, Wang JB, Han T. STUB1-mediated ubiquitination regulates the stability of GLUD1 in lung adenocarcinoma. iScience 2023; 26:107151. [PMID: 37416474 PMCID: PMC10319899 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of glutamine metabolism provides survival advantages for tumors by supplementing tricarboxylic acid cycle. Glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1) is one of the key enzymes in glutamine catabolism. Here, we found that enhanced protein stability was the key factor for the upregulation of GLUD1 in lung adenocarcinoma. We discovered that GLUD1 showed a high protein expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells or tissues. We elucidated that STIP1 homology and U-box-containing protein 1 (STUB1) was the key E3 ligase responsible for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of GLUD1. We further showed that lysine 503 (K503) was the main ubiquitination site of GLUD1, inhibiting the ubiquitination at this site promoted the proliferation and tumor growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Taken together, this study clarifies the molecular mechanism of GLUD1 in maintaining protein homeostasis in lung adenocarcinoma, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of anti-cancer drugs targeting GLUD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Hu
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330006, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jiapeng Lei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Zhujun Cheng
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Mingxi Gan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yilin Xie
- School of Queen Mary, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Lu Yao
- School of Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Keru Wang
- School of Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Wenze Xun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Jian-Bin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330031, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Tianyu Han
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330006, China
- China-Japan Friendship Jiangxi Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi 330200, China
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Jin ML, Jeong KW. Histone modifications in drug-resistant cancers: From a cancer stem cell and immune evasion perspective. Exp Mol Med 2023:10.1038/s12276-023-01014-z. [PMID: 37394580 PMCID: PMC10394043 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and immune evasion of cancer stem cells (CSCs) limit the efficacy of currently available anticancer therapies. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic reprogramming regulates the expression of characteristic marker proteins and tumor plasticity associated with cancer cell survival and metastasis in CSCs. CSCs also possess unique mechanisms to evade external attacks by immune cells. Hence, the development of new strategies to restore dysregulated histone modifications to overcome cancer resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy has recently attracted attention. Restoring abnormal histone modifications can be an effective anticancer strategy to increase the therapeutic effect of conventional chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic drugs by weakening CSCs or by rendering them in a naïve state with increased sensitivity to immune responses. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the role of histone modifiers in the development of drug-resistant cancer cells from the perspectives of CSCs and immune evasion. In addition, we discuss attempts to combine currently available histone modification inhibitors with conventional chemotherapy or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li Jin
- Gachon Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Won Jeong
- Gachon Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea.
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Hong X, Hsieh MT, Tseng TY, Lin HY, Chang HC, Yau ST, Cheng WC, Ke B, Liao HH, Wu CY, Liu AA, Wu MM, Huang KY, Yang PC, Kuo SC, Hung MC, Lee PC. Diarylheptanoid 35d overcomes EGFR TKI resistance by inducing hsp70-mediated lysosomal degradation of EGFR in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. J Biol Chem 2023:104814. [PMID: 37178919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) patients often respond to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) initially, but eventually develop resistance to TKIs. The switch of EGFR downstream signaling from TKI-sensitive to TKI-insensitive is a critical mechanism driving resistance to TKIs. Identification of potential therapies to target EGFR effectively is a potential strategy to treat TKI-resistant LUADs. In this study, we developed a small molecule diarylheptanoid 35d, a curcumin derivative, that effectively suppressed EGFR protein expression, killed multiple TKI-resistant LUAD cells in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth of EGFR-mutant LUAD xenografts with variant TKI-resistant mechanisms including EGFR C797S mutations in vivo. Mechanically, 35d triggers hsp70-mediated lysosomal pathway through transcriptional activation of several components in the pathway, such as HSPA1B, to induce EGFR protein degradation. Interestingly, higher HSPA1B expression in LUAD tumors associated with longer survival of EGFR-mutant TKI-treated patients, suggesting the role of HSPA1B on retarding TKI resistance and providing a rationale for combining 35d with EGFR TKIs. Our data showed that combination of 35d significantly inhibits tumor re-progression on osimertinib and prolongs mice survival. Overall, our results suggest 35d as a promising lead compound to suppress EGFR expression and provide important insights into the development of combination therapies for TKI-resistant LUADs, which could have translational potential for the treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Min-Tsang Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Chinese Medicinal Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Tseng
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Chang
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sir-Theng Yau
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Baozhen Ke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hsiao-Hui Liao
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-An Liu
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Maan Wu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Master Program in Applied Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yen Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chih Lee
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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6
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Lin J, Wu SC. Implications of Transglutaminase-Mediated Protein Serotonylation in the Epigenetic Landscape, Small Cell Lung Cancer, and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36831672 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the case of small-cell lung carcinoma, the highly metastatic nature of the disease and the propensity for several chromatin modifiers to harbor mutations suggest that epigenetic manipulation may also be a promising route for oncotherapy, but histone deacetylase inhibitors on their own do not appear to be particularly effective, suggesting that there may be other regulatory parameters that dictate the effectiveness of vorinostat's reversal of histone deacetylation. Recent discoveries that serotonylation of histone H3 alters the permissibility of gene expression have led to renewed attention to this rare modification, as facilitated by transglutaminase 2, and at the same time introduce new questions about whether this modification belongs to a part of the concerted cohort of regulator events for modulating the epigenetic landscape. This review explores the mechanistic details behind protein serotonylation and its possible connections to the epigenome via histone modifications and glycan interactions and attempts to elucidate the role of transglutaminase 2, such that optimizations to existing histone deacetylase inhibitor designs or combination therapies may be devised for lung and other types of cancer.
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Xu L, Xu B, Wang J, Gao Y, He X, Xie T, Ye X. Recent advances of novel fourth generation EGFR inhibitors in overcoming C797S mutation of lung cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lu Q, Liu L, Wang S, Zhang Q, Li L. Comprehensive analysis of m5C-Related lncRNAs in the prognosis and immune landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:990594. [PMID: 36339006 PMCID: PMC9630339 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.990594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
5-Methyladenosine (m5C) is a type of epigenetic modification involved in the progression of various cancers. To investigate the role of m5C-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the prognosis and immune cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we obtained patients' clinical information and transcriptome data of HCC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We applied Pearson correlation analysis to construct an m5C-related lncRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) co-expression network. Univariate Cox analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox analysis were employed to establish an m5C-related lncRNA prognostic risk model. We then verified the model using Kaplan-Meier analysis, principal component analysis, as well as univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. The expression of m5C-related lncRNAs was validated in HCC tissues and different cell lines. Combining the risk score and clinicopathological features, a nomogram was established for predicting the overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that some tumor-associated pathways were significantly enriched in the high-risk group. Immune cell infiltration analysis demonstrated that the levels of Treg cells, neutrophils, and M2 macrophages were higher in the high-risk group. In addition, patients with high tumor mutation burden (TMB) had worse OS than those with low TMB. We also assessed the immune checkpoint level and chemotherapeutic agent sensibility. Then in vitro experiments were performed to examine the biological function of MKLN1-AS in HCC cells and found that knockdown of MKLN1-AS suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion. In conclusion, m5C-related lncRNAs played a critical role in predicting the prognosis of patients with HCC and may serve as new therapeutic targets for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lianyu Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Yang Y, Li S, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Li Q. Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in malignant tumors: molecular mechanisms and future perspective. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7. [PMID: 36115852 PMCID: PMC9482625 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractProtein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are a class of proteins with tyrosine kinase activity that phosphorylate tyrosine residues of critical molecules in signaling pathways. Their basal function is essential for maintaining normal cell growth and differentiation. However, aberrant activation of PTKs caused by various factors can deviate cell function from the expected trajectory to an abnormal growth state, leading to carcinogenesis. Inhibiting the aberrant PTK function could inhibit tumor growth. Therefore, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), target-specific inhibitors of PTKs, have been used in treating malignant tumors and play a significant role in targeted therapy of cancer. Currently, drug resistance is the main reason for limiting TKIs efficacy of cancer. The increasing studies indicated that tumor microenvironment, cell death resistance, tumor metabolism, epigenetic modification and abnormal metabolism of TKIs were deeply involved in tumor development and TKI resistance, besides the abnormal activation of PTK-related signaling pathways involved in gene mutations. Accordingly, it is of great significance to study the underlying mechanisms of TKIs resistance and find solutions to reverse TKIs resistance for improving TKIs efficacy of cancer. Herein, we reviewed the drug resistance mechanisms of TKIs and the potential approaches to overcome TKI resistance, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficacy of TKIs.
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Pan K, Hu B, Wang L, Yuan J, Xu W. STUB1-SMYD2 Axis Regulates Drug Resistance in Glioma cells. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:2030-2044. [PMID: 35939202 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
SET and MYND domain-containing protein 2 (SMYD2) is an important epigenetic regulator that methylates histone and non-histone proteins. The study aimed to investigate the oncogenic role of SMYD2 in gliomas and explore its degradation mechanism induced by cisplatin. Tumor tissue microarray of 441 patients with glioma was collected for SMYD2 immunohistochemical staining. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed using the overall survival values. mRNA-sequencing analysis was performed for understanding the downstream mechanisms mediated by SMYD2. The half-inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of temozolomide and cisplatin in AZ505-treated and control cells were calculated. The potential E3 ubiquitin ligase of SMYD2 was predicted in UbiBrowser and confirmed by a knockdown test. The effect of SMYD2 and its E3 ligase on apoptosis and migration of glioma cells was determined via cell-function assays. High SMYD2 expression correlated with a high WHO stage (P = 0.004) and a low survival probability (P = 0.012). The inhibition of SMYD2 suppressed the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) by downregulating the expression of Collagen 1A1 (COL1A1). AZ505 treatment significantly increased the drug sensitivity of glioma cells. SMYD2 expression was markedly reduced by cisplatin treatment via STIP1 Homology And U-Box Containing Protein 1 (STUB1)-mediated degradation. The knockdown of STUB1 could partly reverse the cell function impairment induced by cisplatin. Our findings suggested that SMYD2 could be a potential drug target for the treatment of gliomas, and STUB1-mediated degradation of SMYD2 plays an important role in reversing chemotherapy resistance in patients with gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailing Pan
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Lude Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Jianlie Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, Jinhua, 321000, China.
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Province, Jinhua, 321000, China.
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TABBÒ F, DE FILIPPIS M, JACOBS F, NOVELLO S. Strengths and pitfalls of brigatinib in non-small cell lung cancer patients' management. Minerva Med 2022; 113:315-332. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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12
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Sun Y, Huang Y, Qi T, Jin Q, Jia C, Zhao J, Feng S, Liang L. Wet-Etched Microchamber Array Digital PCR Chip for SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Ultra-Early Stage Lung Cancer Quantitative Detection. ACS Omega 2022; 7:1819-1826. [PMID: 35036821 PMCID: PMC8751011 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel design of chamber-based digital polymerase chain reaction (cdPCR) chip structure. Using a wet etching process and silicon-glass bonding, the chamber size can be adjusted independently of the process and more feasibly in a normal lab. In addition, the structure of the chip is optimized through hydrodynamic computer simulations to eliminate dead space when the sample is injected into the chip. The samples will be distributed to each separated microchambers for an isolated reaction based on Poisson distribution. Due to the difference in expansion coefficients, isolation of the sample in the microchambers by the oil phase on top ensures homogeneity and independence of the sample in the microchambers. The prepared microarray cdPCR chip enables high-throughput and high-sensitivity quantitative measurement of the SARS-CoV-2 virus gene and the mutant lung cancer gene. We applied the chip for the detection of different concentrations of the mix containing the open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab) gene, the most specific and conservative gene region of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In addition to this, we also successfully detected the fluorescence of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant gene in independent microchambers. At a throughput of 46 200 microchambers, solution mixtures containing both genes were successfully tested quantitatively, with a detection limit of 10 copies/μL. Importantly, the chips are individually inexpensive and easy to industrialize. In addition, the microarray can provide a unified solution for other viral sequences, cancer marker assay development, and point-of-care testing (POCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem
and Information Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center
of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaru Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem
and Information Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School
of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Tong Qi
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem
and Information Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Qinghui Jin
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem
and Information Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Faculty
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chunping Jia
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem
and Information Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem
and Information Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center
of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shilun Feng
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem
and Information Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lijuan Liang
- State
Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem
and Information Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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Ai X, Wang Y. [Research Progress of Epigenetic Mechanism in Acquired Resistance of
Targeted Therapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi 2021; 24:705-713. [PMID: 34696542 PMCID: PMC8560982 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2021.102.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
驱动基因阳性的非小细胞肺癌患者能从靶向治疗中获益,但最终都不可避免地出现获得性耐药。表观遗传修饰包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、非编码RNA调控、染色质重塑等,是非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗获得性耐药的重要机制。近年来,已有研究发现表观遗传修饰的改变可以有效逆转耐药性,靶向治疗联合表观调控可能成为有前景的治疗策略。本文就非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗获得性耐药后表观遗传机制的进展进行了综述,希望为筛选优势人群、克服靶向耐药提供参考和思路。
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Abstract
Cancer cells are disordered by nature and thus featured by higher internal redox level than healthy cells. Redox imbalance could trigger programmed cell death if exceeded a certain threshold, rendering therapeutic strategies relying on redox control a possible cancer management solution. Yet, various programmed cell death events have been consecutively discovered, complicating our understandings on their associations with redox imbalance and clinical implications especially therapeutic design. Thus, it is imperative to understand differences and similarities among programmed cell death events regarding their associations with redox imbalance for improved control over these events in malignant cells as well as appropriate design on therapeutic approaches relying on redox control. This review addresses these issues and concludes by bringing affront cold atmospheric plasma as an emerging redox controller with translational potential in clinics.
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