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Bianchi AR, La Pietra A, Guerretti V, De Maio A, Capriello T, Ferrandino I. Synthesis and Degradation of Poly(ADP-ribose) in Zebrafish Brain Exposed to Aluminum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108766. [PMID: 37240112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADPribosyl)ation is a post-translational protein modification, catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPs) enzymes, responsible for ADP-ribose polymer synthesis (PAR) from NAD+. PAR turnover is assured by poly(ADPR) glycohydrolase (PARGs) enzymes. In our previous study, the altered histology of zebrafish brain tissue, resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration also with poly(ADPribosyl)ation hyperactivation, was demonstrated after aluminum (Al) exposure for 10 and 15 days. On the basis of this evidence, the aim of the present research was to study the synthesis and degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) in the brain of adult zebrafish exposed to 11 mg/L of Al for 10, 15, and 20 days. For this reason, PARP and PARG expression analyses were carried out, and ADPR polymers were synthesized and digested. The data showed the presence of different PARP isoforms, among which a human PARP1 counterpart was also expressed. Moreover, the highest PARP and PARG activity levels, responsible for the PAR production and its degradation, respectively, were measured after 10 and 15 days of exposure. We suppose that PARP activation is related to DNA damage induced by Al, while PARG activation is needed to avoid PAR accumulation, which is known to inhibit PARP and promote parthanatos. On the contrary, PARP activity decrease at longer exposure times suggests that neuronal cells could adopt the stratagem of reducing polymer synthesis to avoid energy expenditure and allow cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra La Pietra
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Guerretti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Capriello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Arena C, Vitale L, Bianchi AR, Mistretta C, Vitale E, Parisi C, Guerriero G, Magliulo V, De Maio A. The Ageing Process Affects the Antioxidant Defences and the Poly (ADPribosyl)ation Activity in Cistus Incanus L. Leaves. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E528. [PMID: 31698730 PMCID: PMC6912739 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ageing process in living organisms is characterised by the accumulation of several deleterious changes occurring in cells and tissues. The increase of reactive oxygen species with the advancement of age is responsible for the oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA, enhancing the risk of diseases. The antioxidant response and the activation of the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation process represent the first defences activated by organisms at all life stages to counteract damage to cell structures and genomic material. The regulation of poly(ADP ribosyl)ation with age is little known in plants, especially in combination with antioxidant defences modulation. In this study, the relationships between poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant pool have been studied together with the photosynthetic apparatus efficiency in the Mediterranean species Cistus incanus L., examining leaves at different developmental stages: young, mature and senescent. The photosynthetic performance was evaluated by chlorophyll a fluorescence measurement, the total soluble and fat-soluble antioxidant capacity, as well as the activities of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), were determined by spectrophotometer, PARP activity was assessed by radioactive labelling. The highest photochemical activity was observed in young leaves, together with the highest GST activity. With the progress of the ageing process, the non-enzymatic antioxidant pool (namely ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol) declined, reaching the lowest value in senescent leaves, whereas PARP activity rose significantly. The overall results indicate that the decline of photosynthetic apparatus efficiency during senescence is due to the reduction of specific defences against oxidative damages, which increase the damages to DNA, as demonstrated by PARP activity rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Arena
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.B.); (E.V.); (C.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Luca Vitale
- Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (CNR-ISAFoM), Via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano (NA), Italy; (L.V.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.B.); (E.V.); (C.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Carmela Mistretta
- Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (CNR-ISAFoM), Via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano (NA), Italy; (L.V.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Ermenegilda Vitale
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.B.); (E.V.); (C.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Costantino Parisi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.B.); (E.V.); (C.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Guerriero
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.B.); (E.V.); (C.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Magliulo
- Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (CNR-ISAFoM), Via Patacca 85, 80056 Ercolano (NA), Italy; (L.V.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna De Maio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (C.A.); (A.R.B.); (E.V.); (C.P.); (G.G.)
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Guerriero G, Brundo MV, Labar S, Bianchi AR, Trocchia S, Rabbito D, Palumbo G, Abdel-Gawad FK, De Maio A. Frog (Pelophylax bergeri, Günther 1986) endocrine disruption assessment: characterization and role of skin poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:18303-18313. [PMID: 29081042 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Model of the our research was the adult male amphibian anura, Pelophylax bergeri, poikilotherm species not considered threatened by the IUCN, sampled in representative sites at different degree. In the first phase, a biochemical characterization of the ADP-ribosylation on the skin of barcoded amphibian anura collected from Matese Lake (clean reference site in CE, Italy) was carried out. Two PARP isoforms were evidence: the first of 66 kDa is localized into nucleus and activated by DNA damage; the second of 150 kDa is in cytoplasm, as demonstrated by biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis. Subsequently, the PARP activity, the quantitative expression of androgen receptor gene, and the levels of arsenic and chromium in skin and testis of frog and soil, water, and sediment collected from sites at different degrees of pollution were measured. A significant variation of PARP activity and androgen receptor expression levels was detected in both tissues of barcoded frogs from Sarno and Scafati, along Sarno River (SA, Italy), suggesting that a PARP activation is correlated to pollution and to steroid-regulated physiology disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guerriero
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Environment (I.R.C.Env.), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Maria Violetta Brundo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sofiane Labar
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- Department of Biology, Chadli bendjedid El Tarf University, El Tarf, Algeria
| | - Anna Rita Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Samantha Trocchia
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Dea Rabbito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Palumbo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fagr Kh Abdel-Gawad
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Science, Environmental Sciences Research Division, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Anna De Maio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Maselli V, Xu F, Syed NI, Polese G, Di Cosmo A. A Novel Approach to Primary Cell Culture for Octopus vulgaris Neurons. Front Physiol 2018; 9:220. [PMID: 29666582 PMCID: PMC5891582 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Octopus vulgaris is a unique model system for studying complex behaviors in animals. It has a large and centralized nervous system made up of lobes that are involved in controlling various sophisticated behaviors. As such, it may be considered as a model organism for untangling the neuronal mechanisms underlying behaviors—including learning and memory. However, despite considerable efforts, Octopus lags behind its other counterparts vis-à-vis its utility in deciphering the cellular, molecular and synaptic mechanisms underlying various behaviors. This study represents a novel approach designed to establish a neuronal cell culture protocol that makes this species amenable to further exploitation as a model system. Here we developed a protocol that enables dissociation of neurons from two specific Octopus' brain regions, the vertical-superior frontal system and the optic lobes, which are involved in memory, learning, sensory integration and adult neurogenesis. In particular, cells dissociated with enzyme papain and cultured on Poly-D-Lysine-coated dishes with L15-medium and fetal bovine serum yielded high neuronal survival, axon growth, and re-growth after injury. This model was also explored to define optimal culture conditions and to demonstrate the regenerative capabilities of adult Octopus neurons after axotomy. This study thus further underscores the importance of Octopus neurons as a model system for deciphering fundamental molecular and cellular mechanism of complex brain function and underlying behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Maselli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fenglian Xu
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Naweed I Syed
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gianluca Polese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Di Cosmo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Lafon Hughes LI, Romeo Cardeillac CJ, Cal Castillo KB, Vilchez Larrea SC, Sotelo Sosa JR, Folle Ungo GA, Fernández Villamil SH, Kun González AE. Poly(ADP-ribosylation) is present in murine sciatic nerve fibers and is altered in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth-1E neurodegenerative model. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3318. [PMID: 28503382 PMCID: PMC5428328 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) is a polymer synthesized by poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) as a postranslational protein modification and catabolized mainly by poly-ADP-ribose glycohydrolase (PARG). In spite of the existence of cytoplasmic PARPs and PARG, research has been focused on nuclear PARPs and PAR, demonstrating roles in the maintenance of chromatin architecture and the participation in DNA damage responses and transcriptional regulation. We have recently detected non-nuclear PAR structurally and functionally associated to the E-cadherin rich zonula adherens and the actin cytoskeleton of VERO epithelial cells. Myelinating Schwann cells (SC) are stabilized by E-cadherin rich autotypic adherens junctions (AJ). We wondered whether PAR would map to these regions. Besides, we have demonstrated an altered microfilament pattern in peripheral nerves of Trembler-J (Tr-J) model of CMT1-E. We hypothesized that cytoplasmic PAR would accompany such modified F-actin pattern. Methods Wild-type (WT) and Tr-J mice sciatic nerves cryosections were subjected to immunohistofluorescence with anti-PAR antibodies (including antibody validation), F-actin detection with a phalloidin probe and DAPI/DNA counterstaining. Confocal image stacks were subjected to a colocalization highlighter and to semi-quantitative image analysis. Results We have shown for the first time the presence of PAR in sciatic nerves. Cytoplasmic PAR colocalized with F-actin at non-compact myelin regions in WT nerves. Moreover, in Tr-J, cytoplasmic PAR was augmented in close correlation with actin. In addition, nuclear PAR was detected in WT SC and was moderately increased in Tr-J SC. Discussion The presence of PAR associated to non-compact myelin regions (which constitute E-cadherin rich autotypic AJ/actin anchorage regions) and the co-alterations experienced by PAR and the actin cytoskeleton in epithelium and nerves, suggest that PAR may be a constitutive component of AJ/actin anchorage regions. Is PAR stabilizing the AJ-actin complexes? This question has strong implications in structural cell biology and cell signaling networks. Moreover, if PAR played a stabilizing role, such stabilization could participate in the physiological control of axonal branching. PARP and PAR alterations exist in several neurodegenerative pathologies including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Hungtington’s diseases. Conversely, PARP inhibition decreases PAR and promotes neurite outgrowth in cortical neurons in vitro. Coherently, the PARP inhibitor XAV939 improves myelination in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Until now such results have been interpreted in terms of nuclear PARP activity. Our results indicate for the first time the presence of PARylation in peripheral nerve fibers, in a healthy environment. Besides, we have evidenced a PARylation increase in Tr-J, suggesting that the involvement of cytoplasmic PARPs and PARylation in normal and neurodegenerative conditions should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Lafon Hughes
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos J Romeo Cardeillac
- Departamento de Proteínas y Acidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Karina B Cal Castillo
- Departamento de Proteínas y Acidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Salomé C Vilchez Larrea
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José R Sotelo Sosa
- Departamento de Proteínas y Acidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo A Folle Ungo
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (IIBCE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvia H Fernández Villamil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra E Kun González
- Departamento de Proteínas y Acidos Nucleicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Mata IF, Johnson CO, Leverenz JB, Weintraub D, Trojanowski JQ, Van Deerlin VM, Ritz B, Rausch R, Factor SA, Wood-Siverio C, Quinn JF, Chung KA, Peterson-Hiller AL, Espay AJ, Revilla FJ, Devoto J, Yearout D, Hu SC, Cholerton BA, Montine TJ, Edwards KL, Zabetian CP. Large-scale exploratory genetic analysis of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 56:211.e1-211.e7. [PMID: 28526295 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a common and disabling problem in Parkinson's disease (PD). Identification of genetic variants that influence the presence or severity of cognitive deficits in PD might provide a clearer understanding of the pathophysiology underlying this important nonmotor feature. We genotyped 1105 PD patients from the PD Cognitive Genetics Consortium for 249,336 variants using the NeuroX array. Participants underwent assessments of learning and memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised [HVLT-R]), working memory/executive function (Letter-Number Sequencing and Trail Making Test [TMT] A and B), language processing (semantic and phonemic verbal fluency), visuospatial abilities (Benton Judgment of Line Orientation [JoLO]), and global cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). For common variants, we used linear regression to test for association between genotype and cognitive performance with adjustment for important covariates. Rare variants were analyzed using the optimal unified sequence kernel association test. The significance threshold was defined as a false discovery rate-corrected p-value (PFDR) of 0.05. Eighteen common variants in 13 genomic regions exceeded the significance threshold for one of the cognitive tests. These included GBA rs2230288 (E326K; PFDR = 2.7 × 10-4) for JoLO, PARP4 rs9318600 (PFDR = 0.006), and rs9581094 (PFDR = 0.006) for HVLT-R total recall, and MTCL1 rs34877994 (PFDR = 0.01) for TMT B-A. Analysis of rare variants did not yield any significant gene regions. We have conducted the first large-scale PD cognitive genetics analysis and nominated several new putative susceptibility genes for cognitive impairment in PD. These results will require replication in independent PD cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio F Mata
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine O Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Rausch
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stewart A Factor
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cathy Wood-Siverio
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kathryn A Chung
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amie L Peterson-Hiller
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alberto J Espay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Fredy J Revilla
- Division of Neurology at Greenville Health System and the University of South Carolina Medical School-Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Johnna Devoto
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dora Yearout
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shu-Ching Hu
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brenna A Cholerton
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen L Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cyrus P Zabetian
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Bertapelle C, Polese G, Di Cosmo A. Enriched Environment Increases PCNA and PARP1 Levels in Octopus vulgaris Central Nervous System: First Evidence of Adult Neurogenesis in Lophotrochozoa. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 2017; 328:347-359. [PMID: 28251828 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organisms showing a complex and centralized nervous system, such as teleosts, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, and among invertebrates, crustaceans and insects, can adjust their behavior according to the environmental challenges. Proliferation, differentiation, migration, and axonal and dendritic development of newborn neurons take place in brain areas where structural plasticity, involved in learning, memory, and sensory stimuli integration, occurs. Octopus vulgaris has a complex and centralized nervous system, located between the eyes, with a hierarchical organization. It is considered the most "intelligent" invertebrate for its advanced cognitive capabilities, as learning and memory, and its sophisticated behaviors. The experimental data obtained by immunohistochemistry and western blot assay using proliferating cell nuclear antigen and poli (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 as marker of cell proliferation and synaptogenesis, respectively, reviled cell proliferation in areas of brain involved in learning, memory, and sensory stimuli integration. Furthermore, we showed how enriched environmental conditions affect adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bertapelle
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, NA, Italy
| | - Gianluca Polese
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, NA, Italy
| | - Anna Di Cosmo
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, NA, Italy
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