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Yu S, Hou C, Zhang X, Wei Z. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor ameliorates inflammatory response in polycystic ovary syndrome via inhibiting TLR4-NF-κB-NLRP3 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 707:149782. [PMID: 38493745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, which often leads to female infertility. Chronic inflammation is a significant factor in the development of PCOS. Our study aimed to explore the impact of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), a scientifically validated anti-inflammatory factor, on 99 diagnosed PCOS patients. We also investigated its effects on PCOS mice induced with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and KGN cells induced with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Our findings revealed a decrease in serum MANF levels in PCOS patients, which were negatively associated with serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels. The administration of recombinant human MANF (rhMANF) in PCOS mice demonstrated a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and monocytes/macrophages in both peripheral blood and ovarian tissues. Furthermore, the inclusion of rhMANF notably ameliorated DHEA-induced ovarian dysfunction and fibrosis by negatively regulating the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-NLR family, pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway. Additionally, in vitro experiments showed that the up-regulation of MANF offset DHT-induced inhibition of viability and apoptosis in KGN cells. Collectively, this study highlights the anti-inflammatory properties of MANF in PCOS and suggests its potential as a therapeutic approach for the management of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Hou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Zhaolian Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Lõhelaid H, Saarma M, Airavaara M. CDNF and ER stress: Pharmacology and therapeutic possibilities. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 254:108594. [PMID: 38290651 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is an endogenous protein in humans and other vertebrates, and it has been shown to have protective and restorative effects on cells in various disease models. Although it is named as a neurotrophic factor, its actions are drastically different from classical neurotrophic factors such as neurotrophins or the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic family of proteins. Like all secreted proteins, CDNF has a signal sequence at the N-terminus, but unlike common growth factors it has a KDEL-receptor retrieval sequence at the C-terminus. Thus, CDNF is mainly located in the ER. In response to adverse effects, such as ER stress, the expression of CDNF is upregulated and can alleviate ER stress. Also different from other neurotrophic factors, CDNF reduces protein aggregation and inflammation in disease models. Although it is an ER luminal protein, it can surprisingly directly interact with alpha-synuclein, a protein involved in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies e.g., Parkinson's disease. Pleiotropic CDNF has therapeutic potential and has been tested as a recombinant human protein and gene therapy. The neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects have been described in a number of preclinical studies of Parkinson's disease, stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Currently, it was successfully evaluated for safety in a phase 1/2 clinical trial for Parkinson's disease. Collectively, based on recent findings on the mode of action and therapeutic potential of CDNF, its use as a drug could be expanded to other ER stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helike Lõhelaid
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Anttila JE, Mattila OS, Liew HK, Mätlik K, Mervaala E, Lindholm P, Lindahl M, Lindsberg PJ, Tseng KY, Airavaara M. MANF protein expression is upregulated in immune cells in the ischemic human brain and systemic recombinant MANF delivery in rat ischemic stroke model demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:10. [PMID: 38229173 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) has cytoprotective effects on various injuries, including cerebral ischemia, and it can promote recovery even when delivered intracranially several days after ischemic stroke. In the uninjured rodent brain, MANF protein is expressed almost exclusively in neurons, but post-ischemic MANF expression has not been characterized. We aimed to investigate how endogenous cerebral MANF protein expression evolves in infarcted human brains and rodent ischemic stroke models. During infarct progression, the cerebral MANF expression pattern both in human and rat brains shifted drastically from neurons to expression in inflammatory cells. Intense MANF immunoreactivity took place in phagocytic microglia/macrophages in the ischemic territory, peaking at two weeks post-stroke in human and one-week post-stroke in rat ischemic cortex. Using double immunofluorescence and mice lacking MANF gene and protein from neuronal stem cells, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, we verified that MANF expression was induced in microglia/macrophage cells in the ischemic hemisphere. Embarking on the drastic expression transition towards inflammatory cells and the impact of blood-borne inflammation in stroke, we hypothesized that exogenously delivered MANF protein can modulate tissue recovery processes. In an attempt to enhance recovery, we designed a set of proof-of-concept studies using systemic delivery of recombinant MANF in a rat model of cortical ischemic stroke. Intranasal recombinant MANF treatment decreased infarct volume and reduced the severity of neurological deficits. Intravenous recombinant MANF treatment decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the infarcted cortex one-day post-stroke. In conclusion, MANF protein expression is induced in activated microglia/macrophage cells in infarcted human and rodent brains, and this could implicate MANF's involvement in the regulation of post-stroke inflammation in patients and experimental animals. Moreover, systemic delivery of recombinant MANF shows promising immunomodulatory effects and therapeutic potential in experimental ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni E Anttila
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli S Mattila
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hock-Kean Liew
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien County, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Kert Mätlik
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Mervaala
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lindholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Lindahl
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu J Lindsberg
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kuan-Yin Tseng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan.
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Syed RA, Hayat M, Qaiser H, Uzair M, Al-Regaiey K, Khallaf R, Kaleem I, Bashir S. Aging-Related Protein Alterations in the Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S5-S22. [PMID: 38339930 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Aging is an intrinsic aspect of an organism's life cycle and is characterized by progressive physiological decline and increased susceptibility to mortality. Many age-associated disorders, including neurological disorders, are most commonly linked with the aging process, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of aging and AD on the molecular pathways and levels of different proteins in the brain, including metalloproteins, neurotrophic factors, amyloid proteins, and tau proteins. AD is caused by the aggregation of amyloid proteins in the brain. Factors such as metal ions, protein ligands, and the oligomerization state of amyloid precursor protein significantly influence the proteolytic processing of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP). Tau, a disordered cytosolic protein, serves as the principal microtubule-associated protein in mature neurons. AD patients exhibit decreased levels of nerve growth factor within their nervous systems and cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, a significant increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor resulting from the neuroprotective effect of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor suggests that the synergistic action of these proteins plays a role in inhibiting neuronal degeneration and atrophy. The mechanism through which Aβ and AβPP govern Cu2+ transport and their influence on Cu2+ and other metal ion pools requires elucidation in future studies. A comprehensive understanding of the influence of aging and AD on molecular pathways and varying protein levels may hold the potential for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafay Ali Syed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Hayat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Qaiser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Al-Regaiey
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roaa Khallaf
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imdad Kaleem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang C, Zhang M, Cao X, Jiao B, Zhang W, Yu S, Zhang X. Navigating the Landscape of MANF Research: A Scientometric Journey with CiteSpace Analysis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3897-3913. [PMID: 37751132 PMCID: PMC10661837 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
This study employs bibliometric analysis through CiteSpace to comprehensively evaluate the status and trends of MANF (mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor) research spanning 25 years (1997-2022). It aims to fill the gap in objective and comprehensive reviews of MANF research. MANF-related studies were extracted from the Web of Science database. MANF publications were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed for various factors by CiteSpace, including publication volume, journals, countries/regions, institutions, and authors. Keywords and references were visually analyzed to unveil research evolution and hotspot. Analysis of 353 MANF-related articles revealed escalating annual publications, indicating growing recognition of MANF's importance. High-impact journals such as the International Journal of Molecular Sciences and Journal of Biological Chemistry underscored MANF's interdisciplinary significance. Collaborative networks highlighted China and the USA's pivotal roles, while influential figures and partnerships drove understanding of MANF's mechanisms. Co-word analysis of MANF-related keywords exposed key evolutionary hotspots, encompassing neurotrophic effects, cytoprotective roles, MANF-related diseases, and the CDNF/MANF family. This progression from basic understanding to clinical potential showcased MANF's versatility from cellular protection to therapy. Bibliometric analysis reveals MANF's diverse research trends and pathways, from basics to clinical applications, driving medical progress. This comprehensive assessment enriches understanding and empowers researchers for dynamic evolution, advancing innovation, and benefiting patients. Bibliometric analysis of MANF research. The graphical abstract depicts the bibliometric analysis of MANF research, highlighting its aims, methods, and key results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangchen Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Kim Y, Li C, Gu C, Fang Y, Tycksen E, Puri A, Pietka TA, Sivapackiam J, Kidd K, Park SJ, Johnson BG, Kmoch S, Duffield JS, Bleyer AJ, Jackrel ME, Urano F, Sharma V, Lindahl M, Chen YM. MANF stimulates autophagy and restores mitochondrial homeostasis to treat autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6493. [PMID: 37838725 PMCID: PMC10576802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolded protein aggregates may cause toxic proteinopathy, including autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease due to uromodulin mutations (ADTKD-UMOD), a leading hereditary kidney disease. There are no targeted therapies. In our generated mouse model recapitulating human ADTKD-UMOD carrying a leading UMOD mutation, we show that autophagy/mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis are impaired, leading to cGAS-STING activation and tubular injury. Moreover, we demonstrate that inducible tubular overexpression of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), a secreted endoplasmic reticulum protein, after the onset of disease stimulates autophagy/mitophagy, clears mutant UMOD, and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis through p-AMPK enhancement, thus protecting kidney function in our ADTKD mouse model. Conversely, genetic ablation of MANF in the mutant thick ascending limb tubular cells worsens autophagy suppression and kidney fibrosis. Together, we have discovered MANF as a biotherapeutic protein and elucidated previously unknown mechanisms of MANF in the regulation of organelle homeostasis, which may have broad therapeutic applications to treat various proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeawon Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chuang Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chenjian Gu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yili Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric Tycksen
- Genome Technology Access Center, McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anuradhika Puri
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Terri A Pietka
- Nutrition and Geriatrics Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jothilingam Sivapackiam
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kendrah Kidd
- Section of Nephrology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Research Unit of Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sun-Ji Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bryce G Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Inflammation & Immunology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Section of Nephrology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Research Unit of Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Anthony J Bleyer
- Section of Nephrology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Research Unit of Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Fumihiko Urano
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vijay Sharma
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria Lindahl
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ying Maggie Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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De Lorenzo F, Lüningschrör P, Nam J, Beckett L, Pilotto F, Galli E, Lindholm P, Rüdt von Collenberg C, Mungwa ST, Jablonka S, Kauder J, Thau-Habermann N, Petri S, Lindholm D, Saxena S, Sendtner M, Saarma M, Voutilainen MH. CDNF rescues motor neurons in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Brain 2023; 146:3783-3799. [PMID: 36928391 PMCID: PMC10473573 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex, leading to paralysis and eventually to death within 3-5 years of symptom onset. To date, no cure or effective therapy is available. The role of chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as a potential drug target, has received increasing attention. Here, we investigated the mode of action and therapeutic effect of the endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor in three preclinical models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, exhibiting different disease development and aetiology: (i) the conditional choline acetyltransferase-tTA/TRE-hTDP43-M337V rat model previously described; (ii) the widely used SOD1-G93A mouse model; and (iii) a novel slow-progressive TDP43-M337V mouse model. To specifically analyse the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in motor neurons, we used three main methods: (i) primary cultures of motor neurons derived from embryonic Day 13 embryos; (ii) immunohistochemical analyses of spinal cord sections with choline acetyltransferase as spinal motor neuron marker; and (iii) quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses of lumbar motor neurons isolated via laser microdissection. We show that intracerebroventricular administration of cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor significantly halts the progression of the disease and improves motor behaviour in TDP43-M337V and SOD1-G93A rodent models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor rescues motor neurons in vitro and in vivo from endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated cell death and its beneficial effect is independent of genetic disease aetiology. Notably, cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor regulates the unfolded protein response initiated by transducers IRE1α, PERK and ATF6, thereby enhancing motor neuron survival. Thus, cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor holds great promise for the design of new rational treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Lorenzo
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrick Lüningschrör
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jinhan Nam
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liam Beckett
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Federica Pilotto
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emilia Galli
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lindholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Simon Tii Mungwa
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Jablonka
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kauder
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dan Lindholm
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Smita Saxena
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja H Voutilainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Parkkinen I, Their A, Asghar MY, Sree S, Jokitalo E, Airavaara M. Pharmacological Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure and Calcium Dynamics: Importance for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:959-978. [PMID: 37127349 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest organelle of the cell, composed of a continuous network of sheets and tubules, and is involved in protein, calcium (Ca2+), and lipid homeostasis. In neurons, the ER extends throughout the cell, both somal and axodendritic compartments, and is highly important for neuronal functions. A third of the proteome of a cell, secreted and membrane-bound proteins, are processed within the ER lumen and most of these proteins are vital for neuronal activity. The brain itself is high in lipid content, and many structural lipids are produced, in part, by the ER. Cholesterol and steroid synthesis are strictly regulated in the ER of the blood-brain barrier protected brain cells. The high Ca2+ level in the ER lumen and low cytosolic concentration is needed for Ca2+-based intracellular signaling, for synaptic signaling and Ca2+ waves, and for preparing proteins for correct folding in the presence of high Ca2+ concentrations to cope with the high concentrations of extracellular milieu. Particularly, ER Ca2+ is controlled in axodendritic areas for proper neurito- and synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity and remodeling. In this review, we cover the physiologic functions of the neuronal ER and discuss it in context of common neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on pharmacological regulation of ER Ca2+ Furthermore, we postulate that heterogeneity of the ER, its protein folding capacity, and ensuring Ca2+ regulation are crucial factors for the aging and selective vulnerability of neurons in various neurodegenerative diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ regulators are promising therapeutic targets for degenerative diseases for which efficacious drug therapies do not exist. The use of pharmacological probes targeting maintenance and restoration of ER Ca2+ can provide restoration of protein homeostasis (e.g., folding of complex plasma membrane signaling receptors) and slow down the degeneration process of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilmari Parkkinen
- Neuroscience Center (I.P., A.T., M.A.), Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy (I.P., M.A.), Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (M.Y.A., S.S., E.J.), and Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (E.J.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Their
- Neuroscience Center (I.P., A.T., M.A.), Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy (I.P., M.A.), Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (M.Y.A., S.S., E.J.), and Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (E.J.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Muhammad Yasir Asghar
- Neuroscience Center (I.P., A.T., M.A.), Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy (I.P., M.A.), Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (M.Y.A., S.S., E.J.), and Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (E.J.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sreesha Sree
- Neuroscience Center (I.P., A.T., M.A.), Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy (I.P., M.A.), Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (M.Y.A., S.S., E.J.), and Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (E.J.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Neuroscience Center (I.P., A.T., M.A.), Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy (I.P., M.A.), Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (M.Y.A., S.S., E.J.), and Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (E.J.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Neuroscience Center (I.P., A.T., M.A.), Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy (I.P., M.A.), Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (M.Y.A., S.S., E.J.), and Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (E.J.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Pakarinen E, Lindholm P. CDNF and MANF in the brain dopamine system and their potential as treatment for Parkinson's disease. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1188697. [PMID: 37555005 PMCID: PMC10405524 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1188697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by gradual loss of midbrain dopamine neurons, leading to impaired motor function. Preclinical studies have indicated cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) to be potential therapeutic molecules for the treatment of PD. CDNF was proven to be safe and well tolerated when tested in Phase I-II clinical trials in PD patients. Neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects of CDNF and MANF were demonstrated in animal models of PD, where they promoted the survival of dopamine neurons and improved motor function. However, biological roles of endogenous CDNF and MANF proteins in the midbrain dopamine system have been less clear. In addition to extracellular trophic activities, CDNF/MANF proteins function intracellularly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they modulate protein homeostasis and protect cells against ER stress by regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR). Here, our aim is to give an overview of the biology of endogenous CDNF and MANF in the brain dopamine system. We will discuss recent studies on CDNF and MANF knockout animal models, and effects of CDNF and MANF in preclinical models of PD. To elucidate possible roles of CDNF and MANF in human biology, we will review CDNF and MANF tissue expression patterns and regulation of CDNF/MANF levels in human diseases. Finally, we will discuss novel findings related to the molecular mechanism of CDNF and MANF action in ER stress, UPR, and inflammation, all of which are mechanisms potentially involved in the pathophysiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Päivi Lindholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Kumar J, Ahmed A, Khan M, Ahmed Y. There's More Than Meets the Eye: Wolfram Syndrome in a Type I Diabetic Patient. J Med Cases 2023; 14:265-269. [PMID: 37560547 PMCID: PMC10409535 DOI: 10.14740/jmc4128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodegenerative and genetic disorder, also known by the synonym DIDMOAD, which stands for diabetes insipidus (DI), childhood-onset diabetes mellitus (DM), optic atrophy (OA), and deafness (D). We present a case of a 25-year-old diabetic patient, using insulin for 15 years, who had increasing polyuria and polydipsia, along with progressive hearing and vision loss. Laboratory tests revealed elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood sugar levels. Optic nerve, optic chiasm, pons, and brain stem atrophy was seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain. After workup, a diagnosis of DI was made. Once the diagnosis was reached, treatment with subcutaneous insulin and nasal desmopressin improved patient's symptoms. In juvenile diabetic patients presenting with new onset or worsening polyuria and polydipsia, the possibility of WS should be considered. Early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate management leads to improved outcomes and the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvindar Kumar
- Internal Medicine at Basset Medical Center, Cooperstown, NY, USA
| | - Atif Ahmed
- Department of Psychiatry, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mashal Khan
- Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Internal Medicine, United Health Services Hospitals, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Yasir Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, United Health Services Hospitals, Binghamton, NY, USA
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11
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Chen Y, Luo K, Zhang B, Lu Z, Wang F. Shrimp MANF maintains hemocyte viability via interaction with a tyrosine kinase Abl. Dev Comp Immunol 2023; 143:104675. [PMID: 36863646 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is a highly conserved cell protective protein. In this study, we explored its functions in shrimp hemocytes. Our results indicated that LvMANF knockdown could cause a decrease in total hemocyte count (THC) and an increase in caspase3/7 activity. To further explore its working mechanism, transcriptomic analyses were performed with wild-type and LvMANF-knockdown hemocytes. Three upregulated genes from transcriptomic data, including FAS-associated factor 2, rho-associated protein kinase 1, and serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK4 were validated with qPCR. Further experiments showed that LvMANF knockdown and tyrosine kinase LvAbl knockdown could decrease tyrosine phosphorylation in shrimp hemocytes. In addition, the interaction between LvMANF and LvAbl was validated with immunoprecipitation. The knockdown of LvMANF would decrease ERK phosphorylation and increase LvAbl expression. Our results suggest intracellular LvMANF may maintain shrimp hemocyte viability by interacting with LvAbl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Chen
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Kaiwen Luo
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Baoyuan Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhiyao Lu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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12
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Sivakumar B, Krishnan A. Mesencephalic Astrocyte-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (MANF): An Emerging Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071032. [PMID: 37048105 PMCID: PMC10093115 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is a member of the new family of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) with a unique structure and functions compared to other conventionally known NTFs. MANF is broadly expressed in developing and mature tissues, including the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system tissues. Growing research demonstrated that MANF protects neurons from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated complications by restoring ER homeostasis and regulating unfolded protein response. This review discusses MANF signaling in neurodegenerative conditions with specific emphasis given to its overall effect and mechanisms of action in experimental models of Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and stroke. Additional perspectives on its potential unexplored roles in other neurodegenerative conditions are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhadrapriya Sivakumar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre (CMSNRC), Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Centre (CMSNRC), Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-306-655-8711
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13
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Sousa NS, Brás MF, Antunes IB, Lindholm P, Neves J, Sousa-Victor P. Aging disrupts MANF-mediated immune modulation during skeletal muscle regeneration. Nat Aging 2023; 3:585-599. [PMID: 37118549 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Age-related decline in skeletal muscle regenerative capacity is multifactorial, yet the contribution of immune dysfunction to regenerative failure is unknown. Macrophages are essential for effective debris clearance and muscle stem cell activity during muscle regeneration, but the regulatory mechanisms governing macrophage function during muscle repair are largely unexplored. Here, we uncover a new mechanism of immune modulation operating during skeletal muscle regeneration that is disrupted in aged animals and relies on the regulation of macrophage function. The immune modulator mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is induced following muscle injury in young mice but not in aged animals, and its expression is essential for regenerative success. Regenerative impairments in aged muscle are associated with defects in the repair-associated myeloid response similar to those found in MANF-deficient models and could be improved through MANF delivery. We propose that restoring MANF levels is a viable strategy to improve myeloid response and regenerative capacity in aged muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neuza S Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida F Brás
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês B Antunes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Päivi Lindholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joana Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Sousa-Victor
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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14
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Kovaleva V, Yu LY, Ivanova L, Shpironok O, Nam J, Eesmaa A, Kumpula EP, Sakson S, Toots U, Ustav M, Huiskonen JT, Voutilainen MH, Lindholm P, Karelson M, Saarma M. MANF regulates neuronal survival and UPR through its ER-located receptor IRE1α. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112066. [PMID: 36739529 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-located protein with cytoprotective effects in neurons and pancreatic β cells in vitro and in models of neurodegeneration and diabetes in vivo. However, the exact mode of MANF action has remained elusive. Here, we show that MANF directly interacts with the ER transmembrane unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor IRE1α, and we identify the binding interface between MANF and IRE1α. The expression of wild-type MANF, but not its IRE1α binding-deficient mutant, attenuates UPR signaling by decreasing IRE1α oligomerization; phosphorylation; splicing of Xbp1, Atf6, and Txnip levels; and protecting neurons from ER stress-induced death. MANF-IRE1α interaction and not MANF-BiP interaction is crucial for MANF pro-survival activity in neurons in vitro and is required to protect dopamine neurons in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Our data show IRE1α as an intracellular receptor for MANF and regulator of neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Kovaleva
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Li-Ying Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Larisa Ivanova
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olesya Shpironok
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jinhan Nam
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ave Eesmaa
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa-Pekka Kumpula
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sven Sakson
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Juha T Huiskonen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja H Voutilainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lindholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mati Karelson
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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15
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Caldwell NJ, Li H, Bellizzi AM, Luo J. Altered MANF Expression in Pancreatic Acinar and Ductal Cells in Chronic Alcoholic Pancreatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020434. [PMID: 36830970 PMCID: PMC9953319 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response protein that plays an important role in pancreatic functions. As both alcohol and ER stress response proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis, we sought to investigate the expression of MANF in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (CAP) and chronic non-alcoholic pancreatitis (CNP). METHODS A cohort of chronic pancreatitis tissues was gathered from routine surgical pathology (n = 77) and autopsy (n = 10) cases and tissue microarrays were created. Sampled tissues were reviewed and designated as representing CAP (n = 15), CNP (n = 58), or normal pancreatic tissue (NPT) (n = 27). MANF immunohistochemistry (IHC) and digital image analysis were performed to obtain an estimation of tissue fibrosis and an optical density (OD) of MANF IHC in ducts and acini for each case. The averaged values for these variables among histologic designations were compared. RESULTS The amount of fibrous tissue of the combined CAP and CNP group (chronic alcoholic and non-alcoholic pancreatitis, CANP) exceeded that of the NPT group (70% vs. 34%, p < 0.0001). The MANF OD in ducts of CANP was significantly higher than that of NPT (0.19 vs. 0.10, p < 0.05). The MANF OD in ducts of CAP was significantly higher than that of CNP (0.27 vs. 0.17, p < 0.05). The MANF OD in acini of CAP was significantly lower than that in CNP (0.81 vs. 1.05, p < 0.05). Finally, there was a statistically significant positive relationship between the amount of fibrosis and MANF OD in ducts (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS MANF expression was higher in ducts of CAP than CNP. In contrast, MANF expression in acini was lower in CAP than CNP and NPT. There was a positive correlation between fibrosis and MANF levels in the ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Caldwell
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andrew M. Bellizzi
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-319-335-2256
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16
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Xu HY, Jiao YH, Li SY, Zhu X, Wang S, Zhang YY, Wei YJ, Shen YJ, Wang W, Shen YX, Shao JT. Hepatocyte-derived MANF mitigates ethanol-induced liver steatosis in mice via enhancing ASS1 activity and activating AMPK pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:157-168. [PMID: 35655095 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis plays a detrimental role in the onset and progression of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an evolutionarily conserved protein related to the unfolded protein response. Recent studies have demonstrated that MANF plays an important role in liver diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of MANF in ethanol-induced steatosis and the underlying mechanisms. We showed that the hepatic MANF expression was markedly upregulated in mouse model of ALD by chronic-plus-single-binge ethanol feeding. Moreover, after chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding, hepatocyte-specific MANF knockout (HKO) mice displayed more severe hepatic steatosis and liver injury than wild-type (WT) control mice. Immunoprecipitation-coupled MS proteomic analysis revealed that arginosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), a rate-limiting enzyme in the urea cycle, resided in the same immunoprecipitated complex with MANF. Hepatocyte-specific MANF knockout led to decreased ASS1 activity, whereas overexpression of MANF contributed to enhanced ASS1 activity in vitro. In addition, HKO mice displayed unique urea cycle metabolite patterns in the liver with elevated ammonia accumulation after ethanol feeding. ASS1 is known to activate AMPK by generating an intracellular pool of AMP from the urea cycle. We also found that MANF supplementation significantly ameliorated ethanol-induced steatosis in vivo and in vitro by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, which was partly ASS1 dependent. This study demonstrates a new mechanism in which MANF acts as a key molecule in maintaining hepatic lipid homeostasis by enhancing ASS1 activity and uncovers an interesting link between lipid metabolism and the hepatic urea cycle under excessive alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yang Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yan-Hong Jiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shi-Yu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yu-Yang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yi-Jun Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yu-Jun Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yu-Xian Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Jun-Tang Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Zhang JX, Zhou KG, Yin YX, Jin LJ, Tong WF, Guo J, Yu LH, Ye XC, Jiang M. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) prevents the neuroinflammation induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:112037. [PMID: 36436758 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excessive activation of the microglia leads to the release of inflammatory factors that contribute to neuronal cell loss and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) that belongs to a newly found neurotrophic factors (NTFs) family has been reported to promote neuronal survival in the PD models. However, the effects of the MANF on neuroinflammation in PD remain unclear. METHODS AAV8-MANF virus was constructed to determine whether the high expression of MANF can protect the neuroinflammation-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in rats with 6-OHDA-induced PD. Rotarod performance test, immunofluorescent staining and western bolt were employed to evaluate the behavioral dysfunction, dopaminergic neurodegeneration, microglia activation, and signal activation. 6-OHDA treated SH-SY5Y cells and LPS treated BV-2 cells were used as the in vitro model for MANF neuroprotective and neuroinflammation mechanisms. Cell vitality and apoptosis were evaluated with MTT, CCK-8 and flow cytometric analysis. The AKT/GSK3β-Nrf2 signaling and the TNF-α/IL6 expression were measured by Western Blot. RESULTS Our findings indicated that the elevated MANF expression by the AAV8-MANF administration ameliorated the motor dysfunction and protected the dopaminergic neurons in the 6-OHDA treated rats. The upregulated CD11b in the rat SN caused by the 6-OHDA administration was significantly attenuated by the pretreatment of the AAV8-MANF. Furthermore, the levels of p-AKT, p-GSK3β, BCL-2, and Nrf-2 were upregulated by the high expression of the MANF. Under the oxidative stress of the 6-OHDA, the MANF significantly reduced the apoptotic effect of the TNF-α on the SH-SY5Y cells. In the LPS treated BV-2 cells, the MANF reduced the production of the TNF-α and IL-6, via enhancing the Nrf-2, p-Akt, p-GSK3β, and p-NF-κβ level. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the MANF prevented the dopaminergic neurodegeneration caused by the microglia activation in PD via activation of the AKT/GSK3β-Nrf-2 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kai-Ge Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan-Xin Yin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Biomedical Research Center, Tongji University Suzhou Institute, Building 2198 Jinfeng Road, Wuzhong District, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215101, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ling-Jing Jin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei-Fang Tong
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Biomedical Research Center, Tongji University Suzhou Institute, Building 2198 Jinfeng Road, Wuzhong District, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215101, China
| | - Li-Hua Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Biomedical Research Center, Tongji University Suzhou Institute, Building 2198 Jinfeng Road, Wuzhong District, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215101, China
| | - Xian-Cheng Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Biomedical Research Center, Tongji University Suzhou Institute, Building 2198 Jinfeng Road, Wuzhong District, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215101, China.
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18
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Chen RB, Wang QY, Wang YY, Wang YD, Liu JH, Liao ZZ, Xiao XH. Feeding-induced hepatokines and crosstalk with multi-organ: A novel therapeutic target for Type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1094458. [PMID: 36936164 PMCID: PMC10020511 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1094458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, which can be caused by either an insulin deficit and/or insulin resistance, is the main symptom of Type 2 diabetes, a significant endocrine metabolic illness. Conventional medications, including insulin and oral antidiabetic medicines, can alleviate the signs of diabetes but cannot restore insulin release in a physiologically normal amount. The liver detects and reacts to shifts in the nutritional condition that occur under a wide variety of metabolic situations, making it an essential organ for maintaining energy homeostasis. It also performs a crucial function in glucolipid metabolism through the secretion of hepatokines. Emerging research shows that feeding induces hepatokines release, which regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. Notably, these feeding-induced hepatokines act on multiple organs to regulate glucolipotoxicity and thus influence the development of T2DM. In this review, we focus on describing how feeding-induced cross-talk between hepatokines, including Adropin, Manf, Leap2 and Pcsk9, and metabolic organs (e.g.brain, heart, pancreas, and adipose tissue) affects metabolic disorders, thus revealing a novel approach for both controlling and managing of Type 2 diabetes as a promising medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Bin Chen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qi-Yu Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Di Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe-Zhen Liao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Hua Xiao, ; Zhe-Zhen Liao,
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Hua Xiao, ; Zhe-Zhen Liao,
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Deng H, Zhang P, Gao X, Chen W, Li J, Wang F, Gu Y, Hou X. Emerging trophic activities of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor in tissue repair and regeneration. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109598. [PMID: 36538855 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is a soluble endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal protein and its expression and secretion can be induced by ER stress. Despite initially being classified as a neurotrophic factor, MANF has been demonstrated to have restorative and protective effects in many different cell types such as neurons, liver cells, retinal cells, cardiac myocytes, and pancreatic β cells. However, underlying molecular mechanisms are complex and remain incompletely understood. The aims of this review are to highlight the latest advances in the understanding of the trophic activities of MANF in tissue repair and regeneration as well as underlying molecular mechanisms. The structural motifs and immune modulation of MANF are also described. We therefore propose that MANF might be a promising therapeutic target for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Deng
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xianxian Gao
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Jianing Li
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao, 266000, PR China
| | - Yiyue Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou No.1 Peoples Hospital, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Xin Hou
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China.
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20
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Morikawa S, Urano F. The Role of ER Stress in Diabetes: Exploring Pathological Mechanisms Using Wolfram Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24. [PMID: 36613674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cytosolic organelle that plays an essential role in the folding and processing of new secretory proteins, including insulin. The pathogenesis of diabetes, a group of metabolic disorders caused by dysfunctional insulin secretion (Type 1 diabetes, T1DM) or insulin sensitivity (Type 2 diabetes, T2DM), is known to involve the excess accumulation of "poorly folded proteins", namely, the induction of pathogenic ER stress in pancreatic β-cells. ER stress is known to contribute to the dysfunction of the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. T1DM and T2DM are multifactorial diseases, especially T2DM; both environmental and genetic factors are involved in their pathogenesis, making it difficult to create experimental disease models. In recent years, however, the development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and other regenerative technologies has greatly expanded research capabilities, leading to the development of new candidate therapies. In this review, we will discuss the mechanism by which dysregulated ER stress responses contribute to T2DM pathogenesis. Moreover, we describe new treatment methods targeting protein folding and ER stress pathways with a particular focus on pivotal studies of Wolfram syndrome, a monogenic form of syndromic diabetes caused by pathogenic variants in the WFS1 gene, which also leads to ER dysfunction.
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21
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Liu YY, Huo D, Zeng LT, Fan GQ, Shen T, Zhang TM, Cai JP, Cui J. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF): Structure, functions and therapeutic potential. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101763. [PMID: 36272696 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is a novel evolutionarily conserved protein present in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. MANF shows distinct structural and functional properties than the traditional neurotrophic factors (NTF). MANF is composed of an N-terminal saposin-like lipid-binding domain and a C-terminal SAF-A/B, Acinus and PIAS (SAP) domain connected by a short linker. The two well-described activities of MANF include (1) role as a neurotrophic factor that plays direct neuroprotective effects in the nervous system and (2) cell protective effects in the animal models of non-neuronal diseases, including retinal damage, diabetes mellitus, liver injury, myocardial infarction, nephrotic syndrome, etc. The main objective of the current review is to provide up-to-date insights regarding the structure of MANF, mechanisms regulating its expression and secretion, physiological functions in various tissues and organs, protective effects during aging, and potential clinical applications. Together, this review highlights the importance of MANF in reversing age-related dysfunction and geroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, PR China
| | - Da Huo
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lv-Tao Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guo-Qing Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tie-Mei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Ju Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, PR China.
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Goode RA, Hum JM, Kalwat MA. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Pancreatic Islet β-Cell Proliferation, Regeneration, and Replacement. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6836713. [PMID: 36412119 PMCID: PMC9923807 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes results from insufficient insulin production by pancreatic islet β-cells or a loss of β-cells themselves. Restoration of regulated insulin production is a predominant goal of translational diabetes research. Here, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in the fields of β-cell proliferation, regeneration, and replacement. The discovery of therapeutic targets and associated small molecules has been enabled by improved understanding of β-cell development and cell cycle regulation, as well as advanced high-throughput screening methodologies. Important findings in β-cell transdifferentiation, neogenesis, and stem cell differentiation have nucleated multiple promising therapeutic strategies. In particular, clinical trials are underway using in vitro-generated β-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Significant challenges remain for each of these strategies, but continued support for efforts in these research areas will be critical for the generation of distinct diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A Goode
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julia M Hum
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael A Kalwat
- Correspondence: Michael A. Kalwat, PhD, Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, 1210 Waterway Blvd, Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. or
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Tang Q, Liu Q, Li J, Yan J, Jing X, Zhang J, Xia Y, Xu Y, Li Y, He J. MANF in POMC Neurons Promotes Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Protects Against Diet-Induced Obesity. Diabetes 2022; 71:2344-2359. [PMID: 35972224 PMCID: PMC9630086 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an emerging regulator in metabolic control. Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons play critical roles in maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis. Whether MANF in POMC neurons is required for the proper regulation of energy balance remains unknown. Here, we showed that mice lacking MANF in POMC neurons were more prone to develop diet-induced obesity. In addition, the ablation of MANF induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and leptin resistance in the hypothalamus, reduced POMC expression and posttranslational processing, and ultimately decreased sympathetic nerve activity and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Conversely, MANF overexpression in hypothalamic POMC neurons attenuated ER stress, increased POMC expression and processing, and then stimulated sympathetic innervation and activity in BAT, resulting in increased BAT thermogenesis, thus protecting mice against dietary obesity. Overall, our findings provide evidence that MANF is required for POMC neurons to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamin Yan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiandan Jing
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Corresponding author: Jinhan He,
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24
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Singh K, Bricard O, Haughton J, Björkqvist M, Thorstensson M, Luo Z, Mascali L, Pasciuto E, Mathieu C, Dooley J, Liston A. Gene Delivery of Manf to Beta-Cells of the Pancreatic Islets Protects NOD Mice from Type 1 Diabetes Development. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1493. [PMID: 36291702 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes, dysfunctional glucose regulation occurs due to the death of insulin-producing beta-cells in the pancreatic islets. Initiation of this process is caused by the inheritance of an adaptive immune system that is predisposed to responding to beta-cell antigens, most notably to insulin itself, coupled with unknown environmental insults priming the autoimmune reaction. While autoimmunity is a primary driver in beta-cell death, there is growing evidence that cellular stress participates in the loss of beta-cells. In the beta-cell fragility model, partial loss of islet mass requires compensatory upregulation of insulin production in the remaining islets, driving a cellular stress capable of triggering apoptosis in the remaining cells. The Glis3-Manf axis has been identified as being pivotal to the relative fragility or robustness of stressed islets, potentially operating in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Here, we have used an AAV-based gene delivery system to enhance the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Manf in the beta-cells of NOD mice. Gene delivery substantially lowered the rate of diabetes development in treated mice. Manf-treated mice demonstrated minimal insulitis and superior preservation of insulin production. Our results demonstrating the therapeutic potential of Manf delivery to enhance beta-cell robustness and avert clinical diabetes.
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25
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Chu YM, Xu Y, Zou XQ, Zhou FL, Deng YL, Han YT, Li J, Yang DM, Peng HX. DLC1 inhibits colon adenocarcinoma cell migration by promoting secretion of the neurotrophic factor MANF. Front Oncol 2022; 12:900166. [PMID: 36185184 PMCID: PMC9515611 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.900166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DLC1 (deleted in liver cancer-1) is downregulated or deleted in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and functions as a potent tumor suppressor, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. We found that the conditioned medium (CM) collected from DLC1-overexpressed SW1116 cells inhibited the migration of colon adenocarcinoma cells HCT116 and SW1116, but had no effect on proliferation, which suggested DLC1-mediated secretory components containing a specific inhibitor for colon adenocarcinoma cell migration. Analysis by mass spectrometry identified mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) as a candidate. More importantly, exogenous MANF significantly inhibited the migration of colon adenocarcinoma cells HCT116 and SW1116, but did not affect proliferation. Mechanistically, DLC1 reduced the retention of MANF in ER by competing the interaction between MANF and GRP78. Taken together, these data provided new insights into the suppressive effects of DLC1 on CRC, and revealed the potential of MANF in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Chu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Qun Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Li Zhou
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Liang Deng
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tong Han
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Li
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Ming Yang
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Xia Peng, ; Da-Ming Yang,
| | - Hai-Xia Peng
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Xia Peng, ; Da-Ming Yang,
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26
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Eesmaa A, Yu LY, Göös H, Danilova T, Nõges K, Pakarinen E, Varjosalo M, Lindahl M, Lindholm P, Saarma M. CDNF Interacts with ER Chaperones and Requires UPR Sensors to Promote Neuronal Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169489. [PMID: 36012764 PMCID: PMC9408947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is a neurotrophic factor that has beneficial effects on dopamine neurons in both in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease (PD). CDNF was recently tested in phase I-II clinical trials for the treatment of PD, but the mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective properties are still poorly understood, although studies have suggested its role in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and the unfolded protein response (UPR). The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of CDNF through analyzing the involvement of UPR signaling in its anti-apoptotic function. We used tunicamycin to induce ER stress in mice in vivo and used cultured primary neurons and found that CDNF expression is regulated by ER stress in vivo and that the involvement of UPR pathways is important for the neuroprotective function of CDNF. Moreover, we used AP-MS and BiFC to perform the first interactome screening for CDNF and report novel binding partners of CDNF. These findings allowed us to hypothesize that CDNF protects neurons from ER-stress-inducing agents by modulating UPR signaling towards cell survival outcomes.
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27
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Tseng K, Wu J, Chen Y, Airavaara M, Cheng C, Ma K. Modulating Microglia/Macrophage Activation by CDNF Promotes Transplantation of Fetal Ventral Mesencephalic Graft Survival and Function in a Hemiparkinsonian Rat Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1446. [PMID: 35740467 PMCID: PMC9221078 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta, which leads to the motor control deficits. Recently, cell transplantation is a cutting-edge technique for the therapy of PD. Nevertheless, one key bottleneck to realizing such potential is allogenic immune reaction of tissue grafts by recipients. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) was shown to possess immune-modulatory properties that benefit neurodegenerative diseases. We hypothesized that co-administration of CDNF with fetal ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue can improve the success of VM replacement therapies by attenuating immune responses. Hemiparkinsonian rats were generated by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right medial forebrain bundle of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were then intrastriatally transplanted with VM tissue from rats, with/without CDNF administration. Recovery of dopaminergic function and survival of the grafts were evaluated using the apomorphine-induced rotation test and small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) coupled with [18F] DOPA or [18F] FE-PE2I, respectively. In addition, transplantation-related inflammatory response was determined by uptake of [18F] FEPPA in the grafted side of striatum. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) examination was used to determine the survival of the grated dopaminergic neurons in the striatum and to investigate immune-modulatory effects of CDNF. The modulation of inflammatory responses caused by CDNF might involve enhancing M2 subset polarization and increasing fractal dimensions of 6-OHDA-treated BV2 microglial cell line. Analysis of CDNF-induced changes to gene expressions of 6-OHDA-stimulated BV2 cells implies that these alternations of the biomarkers and microglial morphology are implicated in the upregulation of protein kinase B signaling as well as regulation of catalytic, transferase, and protein serine/threonine kinase activity. The effects of CDNF on 6-OHDA-induced alternation of the canonical pathway in BV2 microglial cells is highly associated with PI3K-mediated phagosome formation. Our results are the first to show that CDNF administration enhances the survival of the grafted dopaminergic neurons and improves functional recovery in PD animal model. Modulation of the polarization, morphological characteristics, and transcriptional profiles of 6-OHDA-stimualted microglia by CDNF may possess these properties in transplantation-based regenerative therapies.
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Lõhelaid H, Anttila JE, Liew HK, Tseng KY, Teppo J, Stratoulias V, Airavaara M. UPR Responsive Genes Manf and Xbp1 in Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:900725. [PMID: 35783104 PMCID: PMC9240287 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.900725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating medical condition with no treatment to hasten recovery. Its abrupt nature results in cataclysmic changes in the affected tissues. Resident cells fail to cope with the cellular stress resulting in massive cell death, which cannot be endogenously repaired. A potential strategy to improve stroke outcomes is to boost endogenous pro-survival pathways. The unfolded protein response (UPR), an evolutionarily conserved stress response, provides a promising opportunity to ameliorate the survival of stressed cells. Recent studies from us and others have pointed toward mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) being a UPR responsive gene with an active role in maintaining proteostasis. Its pro-survival effects have been demonstrated in several disease models such as diabetes, neurodegeneration, and stroke. MANF has an ER-signal peptide and an ER-retention signal; it is secreted by ER calcium depletion and exits cells upon cell death. Although its functions remain elusive, conducted experiments suggest that the endogenous MANF in the ER lumen and exogenously administered MANF protein have different mechanisms of action. Here, we will revisit recent and older bodies of literature aiming to delineate the expression profile of MANF. We will focus on its neuroprotective roles in regulating neurogenesis and inflammation upon post-stroke administration. At the same time, we will investigate commonalities and differences with another UPR responsive gene, X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), which has recently been associated with MANF’s function. This will be the first systematic comparison of these two UPR responsive genes aiming at revealing previously uncovered associations between them. Overall, understanding the mode of action of these UPR responsive genes could provide novel approaches to promote cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helike Lõhelaid
- HiLIFE – Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Helike Lõhelaid,
| | - Jenni E. Anttila
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hock-Kean Liew
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yin Tseng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaakko Teppo
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mikko Airavaara
- HiLIFE – Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Mikko Airavaara,
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29
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Wen W, Li H, Luo J. Potential Role of MANF, an ER Stress Responsive Neurotrophic Factor, in Protecting Against Alcohol Neurotoxicity. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2992-3015. [PMID: 35254650 PMCID: PMC10928853 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol exposure during pregnancy is harmful to the fetus and causes a wide range of long-lasting physiological and neurocognitive impairments, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The neurobehavioral deficits observed in FASD result from structural and functional damages in the brain, with neurodegeneration being the most destructive consequence. Currently, there are no therapies for FASD. It is exigent to delineate the underlying mechanisms of alcohol neurotoxicity and develop an effective strategy of treatment. ER stress, caused by the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER, is the hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including alcohol-induced neurodegeneration. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is a newly discovered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responsive neurotrophic factor that regulates diverse neuronal functions. This review summarizes the recent findings revealing the effects of MANF on the CNS and its protective role against neurodegeneration. Particularly, we focus the role of MANF on alcohol-induced ER stress and neurodegeneration and discuss the therapeutic potential of MANF in treating alcohol neurotoxicity such as FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
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Liu Q, Tang Q, Jing X, Zhang J, Xia Y, Yan J, Xu Y, Li J, Li Y, He J, Mo L. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor protects against paracetamol -induced liver injury by inhibiting PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 602:163-169. [PMID: 35278889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol (APAP), an over-the-counter drug, is normally safe within the therapeutic dose range but can cause irreversible liver damage after an overdose. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein and plays a crucial role in metabolic disease. However, the role of MANF in APAP-induced acute hepatotoxicity is still unknown. We used hepatocyte-specific MANF-knockout mice and hepatocyte-specific MANF transgenic mice to investigate the role of hepatocyte-derived MANF in APAP-induced acute liver injury. MANF deficiency was associated with a decreased expression of detoxification enzymes, aggravated glutathione depletion and apoptosis in hepatocytes. Mechanistically, MANF knockout significantly increased PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway. Blockade of PERK abolished MANF deficiency-over-induced hepatotoxicity after APAP administration. Conversely, hepatocyte-specific MANF overexpression attenuated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by downregulating the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway. Thus, hepatocyte-derived MANF may play a protective role in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiandan Jing
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamin Yan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Mo
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein and a secretory factor and has beneficial effects in multiple diseases. Recent evidence shows that its circulating levels in humans are dynamically regulated under various metabolic diseases, including diabetes, obesity, fatty liver, and cardiovascular diseases, suggesting that MANF may play a role in these pathological states. Also, its downregulation in mice impairs glucose homeostasis, promotes lipid accumulation in the liver, reduces energy expenditure, and induces inflammation. Conversely, MANF overexpression prevents or mitigates some of these metabolic disturbances. In particular, systemic MANF administration alleviates dietary obesity and related metabolic disorders in obese mice. We therefore propose that MANF might be a promising target for treating chronic metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Rigoli L, Caruso V, Salzano G, Lombardo F. Wolfram Syndrome 1: From Genetics to Therapy. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:3225. [PMID: 35328914 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome 1 (WS1) is a rare neurodegenerative disease transmitted in an autosomal recessive mode. It is characterized by diabetes insipidus (DI), diabetes mellitus (DM), optic atrophy (OA), and sensorineural hearing loss (D) (DIDMOAD). The clinical picture may be complicated by other symptoms, such as urinary tract, endocrinological, psychiatric, and neurological abnormalities. WS1 is caused by mutations in the WFS1 gene located on chromosome 4p16 that encodes a transmembrane protein named wolframin. Many studies have shown that wolframin regulates some mechanisms of ER calcium homeostasis and therefore plays a role in cellular apoptosis. More than 200 mutations are responsible for WS1. However, abnormal phenotypes of WS with or without DM, inherited in an autosomal dominant mode and associated with one or more WFS1 mutations, have been found. Furthermore, recessive Wolfram-like disease without DM has been described. The prognosis of WS1 is poor, and the death occurs prematurely. Although there are no therapies that can slow or stop WS1, a careful clinical monitoring can help patients during the rapid progression of the disease, thus improving their quality of life. In this review, we describe natural history and etiology of WS1 and suggest criteria for a most pertinent approach to the diagnosis and clinical follow up. We also describe the hallmarks of new therapies for WS1.
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Iafusco D, Zanfardino A, Piscopo A, Curto S, Troncone A, Chianese A, Rollato AS, Testa V, Iafusco F, Maione G, Pennarella A, Boccabella L, Ozen G, Palma PL, Mazzaccara C, Tinto N, Miraglia del Giudice E. Metabolic Treatment of Wolfram Syndrome. IJERPH 2022; 19:2755. [PMID: 35270448 PMCID: PMC8910219 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Wolfram Syndrome (WS) is a very rare genetic disorder characterized by several symptoms that occur from childhood to adulthood. Usually, the first clinical sign is non-autoimmune diabetes even if other clinical features (optic subatrophy, neurosensorial deafness, diabetes insipidus) may be present in an early state and may be diagnosed after diabetes’ onset. Prognosis is poor, and the death occurs at the median age of 39 years as a consequence of progressive respiratory impairment, secondary to brain atrophy and neurological failure. The aim of this paper is the description of the metabolic treatment of the WS. We reported the experience of long treatment in patients with this syndrome diagnosed in pediatric age and followed also in adult age. It is known that there is a correlation between metabolic control of diabetes, the onset of other associated symptoms, and the progression of the neurodegenerative alterations. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary in order to prevent, treat and carefully monitor all the comorbidities that may occur. An extensive understanding of WS from pathophysiology to novel possible therapy is fundamental and further studies are needed to better manage this devastating disease and to guarantee to patients a better quality of life and a longer life expectancy.
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Pakarinen E, Lindholm P, Saarma M, Lindahl M. CDNF and MANF regulate ER stress in a tissue-specific manner. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:124. [PMID: 35129674 PMCID: PMC8821067 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04157-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) display cytoprotective effects in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. These endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins belong to the same protein family and function as ER stress regulators. The relationship between CDNF and MANF function, as well as their capability for functional compensation, is unknown. We aimed to investigate these questions by generating mice lacking both CDNF and MANF. Results showed that CDNF-deficient Manf−/− mice presented the same phenotypes of growth defect and diabetes as Manf−/− mice. In the muscle, CDNF deficiency resulted in increased activation of unfolded protein response (UPR), which was aggravated when MANF was ablated. In the brain, the combined loss of CDNF and MANF did not exacerbate UPR activation caused by the loss of MANF alone. Consequently, CDNF and MANF deficiency in the brain did not cause degeneration of dopamine neurons. In conclusion, CDNF and MANF present functional redundancy in the muscle, but not in the other tissues examined here. Thus, they regulate the UPR in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Pakarinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Unit, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lindholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Unit, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Unit, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Lindahl
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Unit, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Hsiao YT, Shimizu I, Yoshida Y, Minamino T. Role of circulating molecules in age-related cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:2. [PMID: 35012677 PMCID: PMC8744343 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies analyzing heterochronic parabiosis mice models showed that molecules in the blood of young mice rejuvenate aged mice. Therefore, blood-based therapies have become one of the therapeutic approaches to be considered for age-related diseases. Blood includes numerous biologically active molecules such as proteins, metabolites, hormones, miRNAs, etc. and accumulating evidence indicates some of these change their concentration with chronological aging or age-related disorders. The level of some circulating molecules showed a negative or positive correlation with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, or metabolic disorders. Through analyses of clinical/translation/basic research, some molecules were focused on as therapeutic targets. One approach is the supplementation of circulating anti-aging molecules. Favorable results in preclinical studies let some molecules to be tested in humans. These showed beneficial or neutral results, and some were inconsistent. Studies with rodents and humans indicate circulating molecules can be recognized as biomarkers or therapeutic targets mediating their pro-aging or anti-aging effects. Characterization of these molecules with aging, testing their biological effects, and finding mimetics of young systemic milieu continue to be an interesting and important research topic to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Ting Hsiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
- Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan.
| | - Yohko Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
- Department of Advanced Senotherapeutics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutionary Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
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Li H, Wen W, Luo J. Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress as an Effective Treatment for Alcoholic Pancreatitis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010108. [PMID: 35052788 PMCID: PMC8773075 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis and alcoholic pancreatitis are serious health concerns with an urgent need for effective treatment strategies. Alcohol is a known etiological factor for pancreatitis, including acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Excessive alcohol consumption induces many pathological stress responses; of particular note is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress results from the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded protein in the ER and is implicated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic pancreatitis. Here, we summarize the possible mechanisms by which ER stress contributes to alcoholic pancreatitis. We also discuss potential approaches targeting ER stress and UPR in developing novel therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.L.); (W.W.)
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-319-335-2256
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Abstract
With the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus over recent decades, more patients suffered from various diabetic complications, including diabetic ocular surface diseases that may seriously affect the quality of life and even vision sight. The major diabetic ocular surface diseases include diabetic keratopathy and dry eye. Diabetic keratopathy is characterized with the delayed corneal epithelial wound healing, reduced corneal nerve density, decreased corneal sensation and feeling of burning or dryness. Diabetic dry eye is manifested as the reduction of tear secretion accompanied with the ocular discomfort. The early clinical symptoms include dry eye and corneal nerve degeneration, suggesting the early diagnosis should be focused on the examination of confocal microscopy and dry eye symptoms. The pathogenesis of diabetic keratopathy involves the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products, impaired neurotrophic innervations and limbal stem cell function, and dysregulated growth factor signaling, and inflammation alterations. Diabetic dry eye may be associated with the abnormal mitochondrial metabolism of lacrimal gland caused by the overactivation of sympathetic nervous system. Considering the important roles of the dense innervations in the homeostatic maintenance of cornea and lacrimal gland, further studies on the neuroepithelial and neuroimmune interactions will reveal the predominant pathogenic mechanisms and develop the targeting intervention strategies of diabetic ocular surface complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qun Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Wei
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Lixin Xie,
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Baronio D, Chen YC, Decker AR, Enckell L, Fernández-López B, Semenova S, Puttonen HAJ, Cornell RA, Panula P. Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (SLC18A2) regulates monoamine turnover and brain development in zebrafish. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13725. [PMID: 34403568 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed at identifying potential roles of vesicular monoamine transporter 2, also known as Solute Carrier protein 18 A2 (SLC18A2) (hereafter, Vmat2), in brain monoamine regulation, their turnover, behaviour and brain development using a novel zebrafish model. METHODS A zebrafish strain lacking functional Vmat2 was generated with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Larval behaviour and heart rate were monitored. Monoamines and their metabolites were analysed with high-pressure liquid chromatography. Amine synthesising and degrading enzymes, and genes essential for brain development, were analysed with quantitative PCR, in situ hybridisation and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS The 5-bp deletion in exon 3 caused an early frameshift and was lethal within 2 weeks post-fertilisation. Homozygous mutants (hereafter, mutants) displayed normal low locomotor activity during night-time but aberrant response to illumination changes. In mutants dopamine, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and histamine levels were reduced, whereas levels of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolites were increased, implying elevated monoamine turnover. Consistently, there were fewer histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine immunoreactive cells. Cellular dopamine immunostaining, in wild-type larvae more prominent in tyrosine hydroxylase 1 (Th1)-expressing than in Th2-expressing neurons, was absent in mutants. Despite reduced dopamine levels, mutants presented upregulated dopamine-synthesising enzymes. Further, in mutants the number of histidine decarboxylase-expressing neurons was increased, notch1a and pax2a were downregulated in brain proliferative zones. CONCLUSION Lack of Vmat2 increases monoamine turnover and upregulates genes encoding amine-synthesising enzymes, including histidine decarboxylase. Notch1a and pax2a, genes implicated in stem cell development, are downregulated in mutants. The zebrafish vmat2 mutant strain may be a useful model to study how monoamine transport affects brain development and function, and for use in drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Baronio
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amanda R Decker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Louise Enckell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Robert A Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Lindholm P, Saarma M. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor protects and repairs dopamine neurons by novel mechanism. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1310-1321. [PMID: 34907395 PMCID: PMC9095478 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine neurons deteriorate in Parkinson's disease (PD) that is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder. No cure is available that would stop the dopaminergic decline or restore function of injured neurons in PD. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs), e.g., glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are small, secreted proteins that promote neuron survival during mammalian development and regulate adult neuronal plasticity, and they are studied as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, results from clinical trials of GDNF and related NTF neurturin (NRTN) in PD have been modest so far. In this review, we focus on cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF), an unconventional neurotrophic protein. CDNF delivered to the brain parenchyma protects and restores dopamine neurons in animal models of PD. In a recent Phase I-II clinical trial CDNF was found safe and well tolerated. CDNF deletion in mice led to age-dependent functional changes in the brain dopaminergic system and loss of enteric neurons resulting in slower gastrointestinal motility. These defects in Cdnf-/- mice intriguingly resemble deficiencies observed in early stage PD. Different from classical NTFs, CDNF can function both as an extracellular trophic factor and as an intracellular, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal protein that protects neurons and other cell types against ER stress. Similarly to the homologous mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), CDNF is able to regulate ER stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling and promote protein homeostasis in the ER. Since ER stress is thought to be one of the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the dopaminergic degeneration in PD, CDNF, and its small-molecule derivatives that are under development may provide useful tools for experimental medicine and future therapies for the treatment of PD and other neurodegenerative protein-misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Lindholm
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Ikäheimo K, Herranen A, Iivanainen V, Lankinen T, Aarnisalo AA, Sivonen V, Patel KA, Demir K, Saarma M, Lindahl M, Pirvola U. MANF supports the inner hair cell synapse and the outer hair cell stereocilia bundle in the cochlea. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 5:5/2/e202101068. [PMID: 34815294 PMCID: PMC8616558 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors show in the mouse how the auditory hair cell structural maintenance is perturbed by the inactivation of Manf and the concomitant ER stress, causing early-onset, progressive hearing loss. Failure in the structural maintenance of the hair cell stereocilia bundle and ribbon synapse causes hearing loss. Here, we have studied how ER stress elicits hair cell pathology, using mouse models with inactivation of Manf (mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor), encoding an ER-homeostasis-promoting protein. From hearing onset, Manf deficiency caused disarray of the outer hair cell stereocilia bundle and reduced cochlear sound amplification capability throughout the tonotopic axis. In high-frequency outer hair cells, the pathology ended in molecular changes in the stereocilia taper region and in strong stereocilia fusion. In high-frequency inner hair cells, Manf deficiency degraded ribbon synapses. The altered phenotype strongly depended on the mouse genetic background. Altogether, the failure in the ER homeostasis maintenance induced early-onset stereociliopathy and synaptopathy and accelerated the effect of genetic causes driving age-related hearing loss. Correspondingly, MANF mutation in a human patient induced severe sensorineural hearing loss from a young age onward. Thus, we present MANF as a novel protein and ER stress as a mechanism that regulate auditory hair cell maintenance in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuu Ikäheimo
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni Herranen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vilma Iivanainen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuuli Lankinen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti A Aarnisalo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Sivonen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kashyap A Patel
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Korcan Demir
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, HILIFE Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Lindahl
- Institute of Biotechnology, HILIFE Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulla Pirvola
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Yu Y, Liu DY, Chen XS, Zhu L, Wan LH. MANF: A Novel Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Protein-The Role in Neurological and Metabolic Disorders. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:6467679. [PMID: 34745419 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6467679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), also named as arginine-rich protein (ARP) or arginine-rich mutated in early-stage tumors (ARMET), is a novel evolutionary conserved protein related to unfolded protein response. Growing evidence suggests that MANF critically involves in many ER stress-related diseases with a protective effect. Here, we review the function of MANF based on its structure in neurological and metabolic disorders and summarize its potential applications in disease diagnosis and therapies.
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Abstract
Pancreatic β cells dedicate much of their protein translation capacity to producing insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. In response to increased secretory demand, β cells can compensate by increasing insulin production capability even in the face of protracted peripheral insulin resistance. The ability to amplify insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia is a critical facet of β-cell function, and the exact mechanisms by which this occurs have been studied for decades. To adapt to the constant and fast-changing demands for insulin production, β cells use the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum. Failure of these compensatory mechanisms contributes to both type 1 and 2 diabetes. Additionally, studies in which β cells are "rested" by reducing endogenous insulin demand have shown promise as a therapeutic strategy that could be applied more broadly. Here, we review recent findings in β cells pertaining to the metabolic amplifying pathway, the unfolded protein response, and potential advances in therapeutics based on β-cell rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Kalwat
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Donalyn Scheuner
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Decio L Eizirik
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Melanie H Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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Krzeptowski W, Walkowicz L, Krzeptowska E, Motta E, Witek K, Szramel J, Al Abaquita T, Baster Z, Rajfur Z, Rosato E, Stratoulias V, Heino TI, Pyza EM. Mesencephalic Astrocyte-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Regulates Morphology of Pigment-Dispersing Factor-Positive Clock Neurons and Circadian Neuronal Plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Physiol 2021; 12:705183. [PMID: 34646147 PMCID: PMC8502870 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.705183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesencephalic Astrocyte-derived Neurotrophic Factor (MANF) is one of a few neurotrophic factors described in Drosophila melanogaster (DmMANF) but its function is still poorly characterized. In the present study we found that DmMANF is expressed in different clusters of clock neurons. In particular, the PDF-positive large (l-LNv) and small (s-LNv) ventral lateral neurons, the CRYPTOCHROME-positive dorsal lateral neurons (LNd), the group 1 dorsal neurons posterior (DN1p) and different tim-positive cells in the fly's visual system. Importantly, DmMANF expression in the ventral lateral neurons is not controlled by the clock nor it affects its molecular mechanism. However, silencing DmMANF expression in clock neurons affects the rhythm of locomotor activity in light:dark and constant darkness conditions. Such phenotypes correlate with abnormal morphology of the dorsal projections of the s-LNv and with reduced arborizations of the l-LNv in the medulla of the optic lobe. Additionally, we show that DmMANF is important for normal morphology of the L2 interneurons in the visual system and for the circadian rhythm in the topology of their dendritic tree. Our results indicate that DmMANF is important not only for the development of neurites but also for maintaining circadian plasticity of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Krzeptowski
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lucyna Walkowicz
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Krzeptowska
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Edyta Motta
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kacper Witek
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Szramel
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Terence Al Abaquita
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Baster
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Jagiellonian Center of Biomedical Imaging, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ezio Rosato
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Vassilis Stratoulias
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapio I Heino
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elżbieta M Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Jagiellonian Center of Biomedical Imaging, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Kitakaze K, Oyadomari M, Zhang J, Hamada Y, Takenouchi Y, Tsuboi K, Inagaki M, Tachikawa M, Fujitani Y, Okamoto Y, Oyadomari S. ATF4-mediated transcriptional regulation protects against β-cell loss during endoplasmic reticulum stress in a mouse model. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101338. [PMID: 34547510 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a transcriptional regulator of the unfolded protein response and integrated stress response (ISR) that promote the restoration of normal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. Previous reports demonstrated that dysregulation of the ISR led to development of severe diabetes. However, the contribution of ATF4 to pancreatic β-cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to analyze the effect of ISR enhancer Sephin1 and ATF4-deficient β-cells to clarify the role of ATF4 in β-cells under ER stress conditions. METHODS To examine the role of ATF4 in vivo, ISR enhancer Sephin1 (5 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) was administered daily for 21 days to Akita mice. We also established β-cell-specific Atf4 knockout (βAtf4-KO) mice that were further crossed with Akita mice. These mice were analyzed for characteristics of diabetes, β-cell function, and morphology of the islets. To identify the downstream factors of ATF4 in β-cells, the islets of βAtf4-KO mice were subjected to cDNA microarray analyses. To examine the transcriptional regulation by ATF4, we also performed in situ PCR analysis of pancreatic sections from mice and ChIP-qPCR analysis of CT215 β-cells. RESULTS Administration of the ISR enhancer Sephin1 improved glucose metabolism in Akita mice. Sephin1 also increased the insulin-immunopositive area and ATF4 expression in the pancreatic islets. Akita/βAtf4-KO mice exhibited dramatically exacerbated diabetes, shown by hyperglycemia at an early age, as well as a remarkably short lifespan owing to diabetic ketoacidosis. Moreover, the islets of Akita/βAtf4-KO mice presented increased numbers of cells stained for glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide and increased expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member 3, a marker of dedifferentiation. Using microarray analysis, we identified atonal BHLH transcription factor 8 (ATOH8) as a downstream factor of ATF4. Deletion of ATF4 in β-cells showed reduced Atoh8 expression and increased expression of undifferentiated markers, Nanog and Pou5f1. Atoh8 expression was also abolished in the islets of Akita/βAtf4-KO mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that transcriptional regulation by ATF4 maintains β-cell identity via ISR modulation. This mechanism provides a promising target for the treatment of diabetes.
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Konovalova J, Gerasymchuk D, Arroyo SN, Kluske S, Mastroianni F, Pereyra AV, Domanskyi A. Human-Specific Regulation of Neurotrophic Factors MANF and CDNF by microRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9691. [PMID: 34575854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) are novel evolutionary conserved trophic factors, which exhibit cytoprotective activity via negative regulation of unfolded protein response (UPR) and inflammation. Despite multiple reports demonstrating detrimental effect of MANF/CDNF downregulation, little is known about the control of their expression. miRNAs—small non-coding RNAs—are important regulators of gene expression. Their dysregulation was demonstrated in multiple pathological processes and their ability to modulate levels of other neurotrophic factors, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), was previously reported. Here, for the first time we demonstrated direct regulation of MANF and CDNF by miRNAs. Using bioinformatic tools, reporter assay and analysis of endogenous MANF and CDNF, we identified that miR-144 controls MANF expression, and miR-134 and miR-141 downregulate CDNF levels. We also demonstrated that this effect is human-specific and is executed via predicted binding sites of corresponding miRNAs. Finally, we found that miR-382 suppressed hCDNF expression indirectly. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time direct regulation of MANF and CDNF expression by specific miRNAs, despite the fact their binding sites are not strongly evolutionary conserved. Furthermore, we demonstrate a functional effect of miR-144 mediated regulation of MANF on ER stress response markers. These findings emphasize that (1) prediction of miRNA targets based on evolutionary conservation may miss biologically meaningful regulatory pairs; and (2) interpretation of miRNA regulatory effects in animal models should be cautiously validated.
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Fu J, Malale K, Luo X, Chen M, Liu Q, Cheng W, Liu D. The relationship of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor with hyperlipidemia in patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hormones (Athens) 2021; 20:537-543. [PMID: 33559083 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-021-00272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to determine the relationship between mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) and lipid metabolism with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Human serum samples were collected from 58 normal controls (NC), 40 subjects with hyperlipidemia (HLD) without T2DM, and 42 subjects with HLD and T2DM. Their MANF levels were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subgroup analysis was performed in the group with HLD and T2DM based on fasting blood glucose (FBG) > 8.22 vs. FBG ≤ 8.22. Furthermore, the relationship between MANF levels and lipid indices was analyzed. RESULTS Serum MANF levels were found to be significantly higher in the HLD group, both with and without T2DM (5.62 (3.59-7.11) and 4.21 (2.87-6.11)), both P < 0.001, than in the NC (2.81(1.81-4.01). MANF levels were higher in those with FBG > 8.22 than that in those with FBG ≤ 8.22. In addition, in the HLD without T2DM group, MANF levels were negatively correlated with total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and age, while LDL-C and age were independently related to MANF levels. The area under the curve (AUC) in the ROC analysis of MANF for the diagnosis of HLD without T2DM and HLD with T2DM was 0.709 and 0.841, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Serum MANF levels increased in the HLD with or without T2DM groups and was associated with lipid and glucose metabolism. MANF may be a useful marker for predicting the development of dyslipidemia in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jili Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, 400010, Chongqing, China
- Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Kija Malale
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, 400010, Chongqing, China
- Archbishop Anthony Mayala School of Nursing, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Xie Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Qicong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, 400010, Chongqing, China.
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, 400010, Chongqing, China
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Eremin DV, Ilchibaeva TV, Tsybko AS. Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor (CDNF): Structure, Functions, and Therapeutic Potential. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2021; 86:852-866. [PMID: 34284712 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921070063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) together with the mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) form a unique family of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) structurally and functionally different from other proteins with neurotrophic activity. CDNF has no receptors on the cell membrane, is localized mainly in the cavity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and its primary function is to regulate ER stress. In addition, CDNF is able to suppress inflammation and apoptosis. Due to its functions, CDNF has demonstrated outstanding protective and restorative properties in various models of neuropathology associated with ER stress, including Parkinson's disease (PD). That is why CDNF already passed clinical trials in patients with PD. However, despite the name, CDNF functions extend far beyond the dopamine system in the brain. In particular, there are data on participation of CDNF in the maturation and maintenance of other neurotransmitter systems, regulation of the processes of neuroplasticity and non-motor behavior. In the present review, we discuss the features of CDNF structure and functions, its protective and regenerative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Eremin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Ilchibaeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Anton S Tsybko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the failure of insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells (or β-cell death) due to either autoimmunity (type 1 diabetes mellitus) or failure to compensate for insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes mellitus; T2DM). In addition, mutations of critical genes cause monogenic diabetes. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the primary site for proinsulin folding; therefore, ER proteostasis is crucial for both β-cell function and survival under physiological and pathophysiological challenges. Importantly, the ER is also the major intracellular Ca2+ storage organelle, generating Ca2+ signals that contribute to insulin secretion. ER stress is associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. In this Review, we summarize the mutations in monogenic diabetes that play causal roles in promoting ER stress in β-cells. Furthermore, we discuss the possible mechanisms responsible for ER proteostasis imbalance with a focus on T2DM, in which both genetics and environment are considered important in promoting ER stress in β-cells. We also suggest that controlled insulin secretion from β-cells might reduce the progression of a key aspect of the metabolic syndrome, namely nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Finally, we evaluate potential therapeutic approaches to treat T2DM, including the optimization and protection of functional β-cell mass in individuals with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yong
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences & Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaeseok Han
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Choongchungnam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Nam J, Koppinen TK, Voutilainen MH. MANF Is Neuroprotective in Early Stages of EAE, and Elevated in Spinal White Matter by Treatment With Dexamethasone. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:640084. [PMID: 34305531 PMCID: PMC8292680 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.640084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive autoimmune disease characterized by T-cell mediated demyelination in central nervous system (CNS). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely used in vivo disease model of MS. Glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (dex) function as immunosuppressants and are commonly used to treat acute exacerbations of MS. Dex is also often used as a positive control in EAE studies, as it has been shown to promote motor behavior, inhibit immune cell infiltration into the CNS and regulate the activation of glial cell in EAE. This study further validated the effects of intravenously administrated dex by time-dependent fashion in EAE. Dex postponed clinical signs and motor defects in early stages of EAE. Histological analysis revealed that the degeneration of myelin and axons, as well as the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the white matter of spinal cord was inhibited by dex in early stages of EAE. Additionally, dex-treatment delayed the neuroinflammatory activation of microglia and astrocytes. Furthermore, this study analyzed the expression of the neurotrophic factor mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) in EAE, and the effect of treatment with dex on MANF-expression. We show that in dex-treated EAE mice expression MANF increased within myelinated areas of spinal cord white matter. We also show that intravenous administration with hMANF in EAE mice improved clinical signs and motor behavior in the early stage of EAE. Our report gives insight to the progression of EAE by providing a time-dependent analysis. Moreover, this study investigates the link between MANF and the EAE model, and shows that MANF is a potential drug candidate for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhan Nam
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani K Koppinen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja H Voutilainen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Yang Y, Sun K, Liu W, Li X, Tian W, Shuai P, Zhu X. The phosphatidylserine flippase β-subunit Tmem30a is essential for normal insulin maturation and secretion. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2854-2872. [PMID: 33895325 PMCID: PMC8417432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The processing, maturation, and secretion of insulin are under precise regulation, and dysregulation causes profound defects in glucose handling, leading to diabetes. Tmem30a is the β subunit of the phosphatidylserine (PS) flippase, which maintains the membrane asymmetric distribution of PS. Tmem30a regulates cell survival and the localization of subcellular structures and is thus critical to the normal function of multiple physiological systems. Here, we show that conditional knockout of Tmem30a specifically in pancreatic islet β cells leads to obesity, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance in mice, due to insufficient insulin release. Moreover, we reveal that Tmem30a plays an essential role in clathrin-mediated vesicle transport between the trans Golgi network (TGN) and the plasma membrane (PM), which comprises immature secretory granule (ISG) budding at the TGN. We also find that Tmem30a deficiency impairs clathrin-mediated vesicle budding and thus blocks both insulin maturation in ISGs and the transport of glucose-sensing Glut2 to the PM. Collectively, these disruptions compromise both insulin secretion and glucose sensitivity, thus contributing to impairments in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Taken together, our data demonstrate an important role of Tmem30a in insulin maturation and glucose metabolic homeostasis and suggest the importance of membrane phospholipid distribution in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeming Yang
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China; The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Kuanxiang Sun
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Xiao Li
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Wanli Tian
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Ping Shuai
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China; The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China; Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072 China.
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China; The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China; Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072 China; Natural Products Research Center, Institute of Chengdu Biology, Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China; Department of Ophthalmology, First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, Hennan 476100, China.
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