1
|
Sun Y, Wang X, Li L, Zhong C, Zhang Y, Yang X, Li M, Yang C. The role of gut microbiota in intestinal disease: from an oxidative stress perspective. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1328324. [PMID: 38419631 PMCID: PMC10899708 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1328324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that gut microbiota-mediated oxidative stress is significantly associated with intestinal diseases such as colorectal cancer, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been reported to increase when the gut microbiota is dysregulated, especially when several gut bacterial metabolites are present. Although healthy gut microbiota plays a vital role in defending against excessive oxidative stress, intestinal disease is significantly influenced by excessive ROS, and this process is controlled by gut microbiota-mediated immunological responses, DNA damage, and intestinal inflammation. In this review, we discuss the relationship between gut microbiota and intestinal disease from an oxidative stress perspective. In addition, we also provide a summary of the most recent therapeutic approaches for preventing or treating intestinal diseases by modifying gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Sun
- Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xurui Wang
- Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatic, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Chengdu Anorectal Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Chengdu Anorectal Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Special Needs Outpatient Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kanner J. Food Polyphenols as Preventive Medicine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2103. [PMID: 38136222 PMCID: PMC10740609 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the initiators in foods and in the stomach of oxidized dietary lipids, proteins, and lipid-oxidation end-products (ALEs), inducing in humans the development of several chronic diseases and cancer. Epidemiological, human clinical and animal studies supported the role of dietary polyphenols and derivatives in prevention of development of such chronic diseases. There is much evidence that polyphenols/derivatives at the right timing and concentration, which is critical, acts mostly in the aerobic stomach and generally in the gastrointestinal tract as reducing agents, scavengers of free radicals, trappers of reactive carbonyls, modulators of enzyme activity, generators of beneficial gut microbiota and effectors of cellular signaling. In the blood system, at low concentration, they act as generators of electrophiles and low concentration of H2O2, acting mostly as cellular signaling, activating the PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2/eNOS pathways and inhibiting the inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, inducing the cells, organs and organism for eustress, adaptation and surviving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kanner
- Department of Food Science, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 7505101, Israel; or
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrtion, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 9190501, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
LAGAL DJ, BÁRCENA JA, REQUEJO-AGUILAR R, PADILLA CA, LETO TL. NOX1 and PRDX6 synergistically support migration and invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through enhanced NADPH oxidase activity. Adv Redox Res 2023; 9:100080. [PMID: 37900981 PMCID: PMC10611439 DOI: 10.1016/j.arres.2023.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) complex formed by proteins NOX1, p22phox, NOXO1, NOXA1, and RAC1 plays an important role in the generation of superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are involved in normal and pathological cell functions due to their effects on diverse cell signaling pathways. Cell migration and invasiveness are at the origin of tumor metastasis during cancer progression which involves a process of cellular de-differentiation known as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). During EMT cells lose their polarized epithelial phenotype and express mesenchymal marker proteins that enable cytoskeletal rearrangements promoting cell migration, expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue remodeling, and cell invasion during metastasis. In this work, we explored the importance of the peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6)-NOX1 enzyme interaction leading to NOXA1 protein stabilization and increased levels of superoxide produced by NOX in hepatocarcinoma cells. This increase was accompanied by higher levels of N-cadherin and MMP2, correlating with a greater capacity for cell migration and invasiveness of SNU475 hepatocarcinoma cells. The increase in superoxide and the associated downstream effects on cancer progression were suppressed when phospholipase A2 or peroxidase activities of PRDX6 were abolished by site-directed mutagenesis, reinforcing the importance of these catalytic activities in supporting NOX1-based superoxide generation. Overall, these results demonstrate a clear functional cooperation between NOX1 and PRDX6 catalytic activities which generate higher levels of ROS production, resulting in a more aggressive tumor phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. LAGAL
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD, USA
- University of Córdoba, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department. Córdoba, Spain
| | - J. Antonio BÁRCENA
- University of Córdoba, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department. Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Spain
| | - Raquel REQUEJO-AGUILAR
- University of Córdoba, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department. Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Spain
| | - C. Alicia PADILLA
- University of Córdoba, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department. Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Spain
| | - Thomas L. LETO
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang W, Jiang H, Wu G, Huang P, Wang H, An H, Liu S, Zhang W. The pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets in sepsis. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e418. [PMID: 38020710 PMCID: PMC10661353 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as "a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host systemic inflammatory and immune response to infection." At present, sepsis continues to pose a grave healthcare concern worldwide. Despite the use of supportive measures in treating traditional sepsis, such as intravenous fluids, vasoactive substances, and oxygen plus antibiotics to eradicate harmful pathogens, there is an ongoing increase in both the morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis during clinical interventions. Therefore, it is urgent to design specific pharmacologic agents for the treatment of sepsis and convert them into a novel targeted treatment strategy. Herein, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in sepsis, such as the inflammatory response, immune dysfunction, complement deactivation, mitochondrial damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Additionally, we highlight important targets involved in sepsis-related regulatory mechanisms, including GSDMD, HMGB1, STING, and SQSTM1, among others. We summarize the latest advancements in potential therapeutic drugs that specifically target these signaling pathways and paramount targets, covering both preclinical studies and clinical trials. In addition, this review provides a detailed description of the crosstalk and function between signaling pathways and vital targets, which provides more opportunities for the clinical development of new treatments for sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendan Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Faculty of PediatricsNational Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failurethe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Honghong Jiang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Faculty of PediatricsNational Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failurethe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Pengli Huang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Haonan Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huazhasng An
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanShandongChina
| | - Sanhong Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of PhytochemistrySchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ward J, Zhang S, Sikora A, Michalski R, Yin Y, D'Alessio A, McLoughlin RM, Jaquet V, Fieschi F, Knaus UG. VEO-IBD NOX1 variant highlights a structural region essential for NOX/DUOX catalytic activity. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102905. [PMID: 37820403 PMCID: PMC10571032 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic intestinal disorders that result from an inappropriate inflammatory response to the microbiota in genetically susceptible individuals, often triggered by environmental stressors. Part of this response is the persistent inflammation and tissue injury associated with deficiency or excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The NADPH oxidase NOX1 is highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium, and inactivating NOX1 missense mutations are considered a risk factor for developing very early onset IBD. Albeit NOX1 has been linked to wound healing and host defence, many questions remain about its role in intestinal homeostasis and acute inflammatory conditions. Here, we used in vivo imaging in combination with inhibitor studies and germ-free conditions to conclusively identify NOX1 as essential superoxide generator for microbiota-dependent peroxynitrite production in homeostasis and during early endotoxemia. NOX1 loss-of-function variants cannot support peroxynitrite production, suggesting that the gut barrier is persistently weakened in these patients. One of the loss-of-function NOX1 variants, NOX1 p. Asn122His, features replacement of an asparagine residue located in a highly conserved HxxxHxxN motif. Modelling the NOX1-p22phox complex revealed near the distal heme an internal pocket restricted by His119 and Asn122 that is part of the oxygen reduction site. Functional studies in several human NADPH oxidases show that substitution of asparagine with amino acids with larger side chains is not tolerated, while smaller side chains can support catalytic activity. Thus, we identified a previously unrecognized structural feature required for the electron transfer mechanism in human NADPH oxidases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josie Ward
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suisheng Zhang
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adam Sikora
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Michalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Yuting Yin
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aurora D'Alessio
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel M McLoughlin
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology and READS Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, UMR5075, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Donaldson GP, Reis GL, Saad M, Mamede I, Chen G, DelGaudio NL, Zhang D, Aydin B, Harrer CE, Castro TB, Grivennikov S, Reis BS, Stadtmueller BM, Victora GD, Mucida D. Suppression of epithelial proliferation and tumorigenesis by immunoglobulin A. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.06.561290. [PMID: 37873082 PMCID: PMC10592636 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.06.561290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody isotype produced across mammals and plays a specialized role in mucosal homeostasis 1 . Constantly secreted into the lumen of the intestine, IgA binds commensal microbiota to regulate their colonization and function 2,3 , with unclear implications for health. IgA deficiency is common in humans but is difficult to study due to its complex etiology and comorbidities 4-8 . Using genetically and environmentally controlled mice, here we show that IgA-deficient animals have a baseline alteration in the colon epithelium that increases susceptibility to multiple models of colorectal cancer. Transcriptome, imaging, and flow cytometry-based analyses revealed that, in the absence of IgA, colonic epithelial cells induce antibacterial factors and accelerate cell cycling in response to the microbiota. Oral treatment with IgA was sufficient to suppress aberrant epithelial proliferation independently of bacterial binding, suggesting that IgA provides a feedback signal to epithelial cells in parallel with its known roles in microbiome shaping. In a primary colonic organoid culture system, IgA directly suppresses epithelial growth. Conversely, the susceptibility of IgA-deficient mice to colorectal cancer was reversed by Notch inhibition to suppress the absorptive colonocyte developmental program, or by inhibition of the cytokine MIF, the receptor for which was upregulated in stem cells of IgA-deficient animals. These studies demonstrate a homeostatic function for IgA in tempering physiological epithelial responses to microbiota to maintain mucosal health.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu W, Oteiza PI. NADPH oxidase 1: A target in the capacity of dimeric ECG and EGCG procyanidins to inhibit colorectal cancer cell invasion. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102827. [PMID: 37516013 PMCID: PMC10410180 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is prevalent worldwide. Dietary consumption of procyanidins has been linked to a reduced risk of developing CRC. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is frequently dysregulated in CRC. Our earlier research showed that the procyanidin dimers of epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), through their interaction with lipid rafts, inhibit the EGFR signaling pathway and decrease CRC cell growth. The process of cancer cell invasion and metastasis involves matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are partially EGFR-regulated. This study investigated whether ECG and EGCG dimers can inhibit EGF-induced CRC cell invasion by suppressing the redox-regulated activation of the EGFR/MMPs pathway. Both dimers mitigated EGF-induced cell invasion and the associated increase of MMP-2/9 expression and activity in different CRC cell lines. In Caco-2 cells, both dimers inhibited the activation of the EGFR and downstream of NF-κB, ERK1/2 and Akt, which was associated with decreased MMP-2/9 transcription. EGF induced a rapid NOX1-dependent oxidant increase, which was diminished by both ECG and EGCG dimers and NOX inhibitors (apocynin, Vas-2870, DPI). Both dimers inhibited NOX1 gene expression, as well as NOX1 activity with evidence of direct binding to NOX1. Both dimers, all NOX chemical inhibitors and NOX1 silencing inhibited EGF-mediated activation of the EGFR signaling pathway and the increased MMP-2/9 mRNA levels and activity. Pointing to the relevance of NOX1 on ECG and EGCG dimer effects on CRC invasiveness, silencing of NOX1 also inhibited EGF-stimulated Caco-2 cell invasion. In summary, ECG and EGCG dimers can act inhibiting CRC cell invasion/metastasis both, by downregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression via a NOX1/EGFR-dependent mechanism, and through a direct inhibitory effect on MMPs enzyme activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kunst C, Schmid S, Michalski M, Tümen D, Buttenschön J, Müller M, Gülow K. The Influence of Gut Microbiota on Oxidative Stress and the Immune System. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051388. [PMID: 37239059 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a complex microbial community that plays an important role in the general well-being of the entire organism. The gut microbiota generates a variety of metabolites and thereby regulates many biological processes, such as the regulation of the immune system. In the gut, bacteria are in direct contact with the host. The major challenge here is to prevent unwanted inflammatory reactions on one hand and on the other hand to ensure that the immune system can be activated when pathogens invade. Here the REDOX equilibrium is of utmost importance. This REDOX equilibrium is controlled by the microbiota either directly or indirectly via bacterial-derived metabolites. A balanced microbiome sorts for a stable REDOX balance, whereas dysbiosis destabilizes this equilibrium. An imbalanced REDOX status directly affects the immune system by disrupting intracellular signaling and promoting inflammatory responses. Here we (i) focus on the most common reactive oxygen species (ROS) and (ii) define the transition from a balanced REDOX state to oxidative stress. Further, we (iii) describe the role of ROS in regulating the immune system and inflammatory responses. Thereafter, we (iv) examine the influence of microbiota on REDOX homeostasis and how shifts in pro- and anti-oxidative cellular conditions can suppress or promote immune responses or inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kunst
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Marlen Michalski
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Deniz Tümen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Jonas Buttenschön
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Karsten Gülow
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pani G. Fusobacterium & Co. at the Stem of Cancer: Microbe-Cancer Stem Cell Interactions in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092583. [PMID: 37174049 PMCID: PMC10177588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells lie at the crossroads of tissue repair, inflammation, and malignancy. Intestinal microbiota and microbe-host interactions are pivotal to maintaining gut homeostasis and response to injury, and participate in colorectal carcinogenesis. Yet, limited knowledge is available on whether and how bacteria directly crosstalk with intestinal stem cells (ISC), particularly cancerous stem-like cells (CR-CSC), as engines for colorectal cancer initiation, maintenance, and metastatic dissemination. Among several bacterial species alleged to initiate or promote colorectal cancer (CRC), the pathobiont Fusobacterium Nucleatum has recently drawn significant attention for its epidemiologic association and mechanistic linkage with the disease. We will therefore focus on current evidence for an F. nucleatum-CRCSC axis in tumor development, highlighting the commonalities and differences between F. nucleatum-associated colorectal carcinogenesis and gastric cancer driven by Helicobacter Pylori. We will explore the diverse facets of the bacteria-CSC interaction, analyzing the signals and pathways whereby bacteria either confer "stemness" properties to tumor cells or primarily target stem-like elements within the heterogeneous tumor cell populations. We will also discuss the extent to which CR-CSC cells are competent for innate immune responses and participate in establishing a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Finally, by capitalizing on the expanding knowledge of how the microbiota and ISC crosstalk in intestinal homeostasis and response to injury, we will speculate on the possibility that CRC arises as an aberrant repair response promoted by pathogenic bacteria upon direct stimulation of intestinal stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovambattista Pani
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L. go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The mucosal lining of the gut has co-evolved with a diverse microbiota over millions of years, leading to the development of specialized mechanisms to actively limit the invasion of pathogens. However, some enteric microorganisms have adapted against these measures, developing ways to hijack or overcome epithelial micro-integrity mechanisms. This breach of the gut barrier not only enables the leakage of host factors out of circulation but can also initiate a cascade of detrimental systemic events as microbiota, pathogens and their affiliated secretions passively leak into extra-intestinal sites. Under normal circumstances, gut damage is rapidly repaired by intestinal stem cells. However, with substantial and deep perturbation to the gut lining and the systemic dissemination of gut contents, we now know that some enteric infections can cause the impairment of host regenerative processes. Although these local and systemic aspects of enteric disease are often studied in isolation, they heavily impact one another. In this Review, by examining the journey of enteric infections from initial establishment to systemic sequelae and how, or if, the host can successfully repair damage, we will tie together these complex interactions to provide a holistic overview of the impact of enteric infections at and beyond the epithelial barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh P Rogers
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven J Mileto
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dena Lyras
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oteiza PI, Cremonini E, Fraga CG. Anthocyanin actions at the gastrointestinal tract: Relevance to their health benefits. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 89:101156. [PMID: 36379746 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (AC) are flavonoids abundant in the human diet, which consumption has been associated to several health benefits, including the mitigation of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and neurological disorders. It is widely recognized that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is not only central for food digestion but actively participates in the regulation of whole body physiology. Given that AC, and their metabolites reach high concentrations in the intestinal lumen after food consumption, their biological actions at the GI tract can in part explain their proposed local and systemic health benefits. In terms of mechanisms of action, AC have been found to: i) inhibit GI luminal enzymes that participate in the absorption of lipids and carbohydrates; ii) preserve intestinal barrier integrity and prevent endotoxemia, inflammation and oxidative stress; iii) sustain goblet cell number, immunological functions, and mucus production; iv) promote a healthy microbiota; v) be metabolized by the microbiota to AC metabolites which will be absorbed and have systemic effects; and vi) modulate the metabolism of GI-generated hormones. This review will summarize and discuss the latest information on AC actions at the GI tract and their relationship to overall health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - Eleonora Cremonini
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Cesar G Fraga
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA; Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Siedlar AM, Seredenina T, Faivre A, Cambet Y, Stasia MJ, André-Lévigne D, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Pittet-Cuénod B, de Seigneux S, Krause KH, Modarressi A, Jaquet V. NADPH oxidase 4 is dispensable for skin myofibroblast differentiation and wound healing. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102609. [PMID: 36708644 PMCID: PMC9950659 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts is governed by the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) through a mechanism involving redox signaling and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Myofibroblasts synthesize proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and display a contractile phenotype. Myofibroblasts are predominant contributors of wound healing and several pathological states, including fibrotic diseases and cancer. Inhibition of the ROS-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) has been proposed to mitigate fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and to offer a therapeutic option for the treatment of fibrotic diseases. In this study, we addressed the role of NOX4 in physiological wound healing and in TGF-β-induced myofibroblast differentiation. We explored the phenotypic changes induced by TGF-β in primary skin fibroblasts isolated from Nox4-deficient mice by immunofluorescence, Western blotting and RNA sequencing. Mice deficient for Cyba, the gene coding for p22phox, a key subunit of NOX4 were used for confirmatory experiments as well as human primary skin fibroblasts. In vivo, the wound healing was similar in wild-type and Nox4-deficient mice. In vitro, despite a strong upregulation following TGF-β treatment, Nox4 did not influence skin myofibroblast differentiation although a putative NOX4 inhibitor GKT137831 and a flavoprotein inhibitor diphenylene iodonium mitigated this mechanism. Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulation of the mitochondrial protein Ucp2 and the stress-response protein Hddc3 in Nox4-deficient fibroblasts, which had however no impact on fibroblast bioenergetics. Altogether, we provide extensive evidence that NOX4 is dispensable for wound healing and skin fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation, and suggest that another H2O2-generating flavoprotein drives this mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Malgorzata Siedlar
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Seredenina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Faivre
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Cambet
- READS Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie-José Stasia
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France
| | - Dominik André-Lévigne
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Brigitte Pittet-Cuénod
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,Service and Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties and of Physiology and Metabolism, University and University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ali Modarressi
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; READS Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schwarz M, Löser A, Cheng Q, Wichmann-Costaganna M, Schädel P, Werz O, Arnér ESJ, Kipp AP. Side-by-side comparison of recombinant human glutathione peroxidases identifies overlapping substrate specificities for soluble hydroperoxides. Redox Biol 2023; 59:102593. [PMID: 36608588 PMCID: PMC9827380 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Five out of eight human glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are selenoproteins, representing proteins that contain selenium as part of the amino acid selenocysteine. The GPXs are important for reducing hydroperoxides in a glutathione-consuming manner and thus regulate cellular redox homeostasis. GPX1, GPX2, and GPX4 represent the three main cytosolic GPXs, but they differ in their expression patterns with GPX1 and GPX4 being expressed ubiquitously, whereas GPX2 is mainly expressed in epithelial cells. GPX1 and GPX2 have been described to reduce soluble hydroperoxides, while GPX4 reduces complex lipid hydroperoxides, thus protecting cells from lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. But most of these data are derived from cells that are devoid of one of the isoforms and thus, compensation or other cellular effects might affect the conclusions. So far, the use of isolated recombinant human selenoprotein glutathione peroxidases in pure enzyme assays has not been employed to study their substrate specificities side by side. Using recombinant GPX1, GPX2, and GPX4 produced in E. coli we here assessed their GPX activities by a NADPH-consuming glutathione reductase-coupled assay with 17 different peroxides (all at 50 μM) as substrates. GPX4 was clearly the only isoform able to reduce phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide. In contrast, small soluble hydroperoxides such as H2O2, cumene hydroperoxide, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide were reduced by all three isoforms, but with approximately 10-fold higher efficiency for GPX1 in comparison to GPX2 and GPX4. Also, several fatty acid-derived hydroperoxides were reduced by all three isoforms and again GPX1 had the highest activity. Interestingly, the stereoisomerism of the fatty acid-derived hydroperoxides clearly affected the activity of the GPX enzymes. Overall, distinct substrate specificity is obvious for GPX4, but not so when comparing GPX1 and GPX2. Clearly GPX1 was the most potent isoform of the three GPXs in terms of turnover in reduction of soluble and fatty-acid derived hydroperoxides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schwarz
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Alina Löser
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Qing Cheng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mareike Wichmann-Costaganna
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Schädel
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Elias SJ. Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Selenoprotein Research, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna P. Kipp
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany,Corresponding author. Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
The intestinal tract faces numerous challenges that require several layers of defence. The tight epithelium forms a physical barrier that is further protected by a mucus layer, which provides various site-specific protective functions. Mucus is produced by goblet cells, and as a result of single-cell RNA sequencing identifying novel goblet cell subpopulations, our understanding of their various contributions to intestinal homeostasis has improved. Goblet cells not only produce mucus but also are intimately linked to the immune system. Mucus and goblet cell development is tightly regulated during early life and synchronized with microbial colonization. Dysregulation of the developing mucus systems and goblet cells has been associated with infectious and inflammatory conditions and predisposition to chronic disease later in life. Dysfunctional mucus and altered goblet cell profiles are associated with inflammatory conditions in which some mucus system impairments precede inflammation, indicating a role in pathogenesis. In this Review, we present an overview of the current understanding of the role of goblet cells and the mucus layer in maintaining intestinal health during steady-state and how alterations to these systems contribute to inflammatory and infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny K Gustafsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin E V Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemisty and Cell biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
We published the first paper to characterize GPX2 (aka GSHPx-GI) as a selenoenzyme with glutathione peroxidase activity in 1993. Among the four Se-GPX isozymes, GPX1-4, GPX1 and GPX2 are closely related in terms of structure, substrate specificities, and subcellular localization. What sets them apart are distinct patterns of gene regulation, tissue distribution and response to selenium. While we identified the digestive tract epithelium as the main site of GPX2 expression, later work has shown GPX2 is found more widely in epithelial tissues with concentration of expression in stem cell and proliferative compartments. GPX2 expression is regulated over a wide range of levels by many pathways, including NRF2, WNT, p53, RARE and this often results in attaching undue significance to GPX2 as GPX2 is only a part of a system of hydroperoxidase activities, including GPX1, peroxiredoxins and catalase. These other activities may play equal or greater roles, particularly in cell lines cultured without selenium supplementation and often with very low GPX2 levels. This could be assessed by examining levels of mRNA and protein among these various peroxidases at the outset of studies. As an example, it was found that GPX1 responds to the absence of GPX2 in mouse ileum and colon epithelium with higher expression. As such, both Gpx1 and Gpx2 had to be knocked out in mice to produce ileocolitis. However, we note that the actual role of GPX1 and GPX2 in relation to peroxiredoxin function is unclear. There may be an interdependence that requires only low amounts of GPX1 and/or GPX2 in a supporting role to maintain proper peroxiredoxin function. GPX2 levels may be prognostic for cancer progression in colon, breast, prostate and liver, however, there is no consistent trend for higher or lower levels to be favorable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Steven Esworthy
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope. Duarte, California, USA, 91010.
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Fong-Fong Chu
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope. Duarte, California, USA, 91010.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Iglesias DE, Cremonini E, Hester SN, Wood SM, Bartlett M, Fraga CG, Oteiza PI. Cyanidin and delphinidin restore colon physiology in high fat diet-fed mice: Involvement of TLR-4 and redox-regulated signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:71-82. [PMID: 35691508 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of high fat diets (HFD) mimics a modern or "Western style" diet pattern and can impair intestinal barrier integrity, leading to endotoxemia and associated unhealthy conditions. This study investigated if supplementation with an anthocyanin (cyanidin and delphinidin glucosides)-rich extract (CDRE) could revert or mitigate HFD-induced alterations of colonic physiology in part through the regulation of Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR-4)- and redox-regulated signaling. C57BL/6J male mice were fed for 4 weeks with a control or an HFD. Then, mice were divided in four groups fed either control or HFD, or these diets supplemented with CDRE for the subsequent 4 weeks. After 8 weeks on the HFD we observed in the colon: i) disruption of tight junction structure and function; ii) increased TLR-4 expression; iii) increased NADPH oxidase NOX1 expression, and iv) activation of redox-sensitive and TLR-4-triggered pathways, i.e. NF-κB, ERK1/2, JNK1/2, PI3K/Akt. All these events were prevented or reverted by CDRE supplementation. Supporting the relevance of CDRE-mediated downregulation of TLR-4 on its colon beneficial effect; in vitro (Caco-2 cell monolayers), cyanidin, delphinidin and their metabolites protocatechuic and gallic acid, mitigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced monolayer permeabilization by restoring tight junction structure and dynamics and preventing lipid/protein oxidation. The CDRE also mitigated HFD-mediated alterations in parameters of goblet cell differentiation and function, including the downregulation of markers of goblet cell differentiation (Klf4), and intestinal mucosa healing (Tff3). Results show that a short-term supplementation with cyanidin and delphinidin, protect from HFD-induced alterations in colon physiology in part through the modulation of TLR-4- and redox-regulated signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario E Iglesias
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eleonora Cremonini
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Steven M Wood
- Pharmanex Research, NSE Products, Inc., Provo, UT, USA
| | - Mark Bartlett
- Pharmanex Research, NSE Products, Inc., Provo, UT, USA
| | - Cesar G Fraga
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Physical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular-Dr. Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Martínez-Montoro JI, Martínez-Sánchez MA, Balaguer-Román A, Gil-Martínez J, Mesa-López MJ, Egea-Valenzuela J, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Ferrer M, Fernández-García JC, Ramos-Molina B. Dietary modulation of gut microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing surgery: A review. Int J Surg 2022; 104:106751. [PMID: 35803517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent malignancy and the second cause of cancer death worldwide. Several factors have been postulated to be involved in CRC pathophysiology, including physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary habits, obesity, and the gut microbiota. Emerging data suggest that the microbiome may play a key role in CRC prognosis and derived complications in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. On the other hand, dietary intervention has been demonstrated to be able to induce significant changes in the gut microbiota and related metabolites in different conditions; therefore, the manipulation of gut microbiota through dietary intervention may constitute a useful approach to improve perioperative dysbiosis and post-surgical outcomes in patients with CRC. In this article, we review the role of the gut microbiota in CRC surgery complications and the potential therapeutic modulation of gut microbiome through nutritional intervention in patients with CRC undergoing surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Balaguer-Román
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain; Department of General and Digestive System Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Gil-Martínez
- Department of General and Digestive System Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - María José Mesa-López
- Department of Digestive Diseases- Unit of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Egea-Valenzuela
- Department of Digestive Diseases- Unit of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio José Ruiz-Alcaraz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño
- Department of Medical Oncology, Virgen de la Victoria and Regional University Hospitals-IBIMA, UMA-CIMES, Malaga, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ferrer
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Carlos Fernández-García
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have developed complex systems to regulate the production and response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Different ROS control diverse aspects of cell behaviour from signalling to death, and deregulation of ROS production and ROS limitation pathways are common features of cancer cells. ROS also function to modulate the tumour environment, affecting the various stromal cells that provide metabolic support, a blood supply and immune responses to the tumour. Although it is clear that ROS play important roles during tumorigenesis, it has been difficult to reliably predict the effect of ROS modulating therapies. We now understand that the responses to ROS are highly complex and dependent on multiple factors, including the types, levels, localization and persistence of ROS, as well as the origin, environment and stage of the tumours themselves. This increasing understanding of the complexity of ROS in malignancies will be key to unlocking the potential of ROS-targeting therapies for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
19
|
Shaw P, Kumar N, Sahun M, Smits E, Bogaerts A, Privat-maldonado A. Modulating the Antioxidant Response for Better Oxidative Stress-Inducing Therapies: How to Take Advantage of Two Sides of the Same Medal? Biomedicines 2022; 10:823. [PMID: 35453573 PMCID: PMC9029215 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-inducing therapies are characterized as a specific treatment that involves the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) by external or internal sources. To protect cells against oxidative stress, cells have evolved a strong antioxidant defense system to either prevent RONS formation or scavenge them. The maintenance of the redox balance ensures signal transduction, development, cell proliferation, regulation of the mechanisms of cell death, among others. Oxidative stress can beneficially be used to treat several diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, heart disease, cancer, and other diseases by regulating the antioxidant system. Understanding the mechanisms of various endogenous antioxidant systems can increase the therapeutic efficacy of oxidative stress-based therapies, leading to clinical success in medical treatment. This review deals with the recent novel findings of various cellular endogenous antioxidant responses behind oxidative stress, highlighting their implication in various human diseases, such as ulcers, skin pathologies, oncology, and viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Intestinal epithelium represents a dynamic and diverse cellular system that continuously interacts with gut commensals and external cues. Intestinal stem cells, which lie at the heart of epithelial renewal and turnover, proliferate to maintain a steady stem cell population and differentiate to form functional epithelial cell types. This rather sophisticated assembly-line is maintained by an elaborate micro-environment, sculpted by a myriad of host and gut microbiota-derived signals, forming an intestinal stem cell niche. This complex, yet crucial signaling niche undergoes dynamic changes during homeostasis and chronic intestinal inflammation. Inflammatory bowel disease refers to a chronic inflammatory response toward pathogenic or commensal microbiota, in a genetically susceptible host. Compositional and functional alterations in gut microbiota are pathognomonic of IBD.The present review highlights the modulatory role of gut microbiota on the intestinal stem cell niche during homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. We discuss the mechanisms of direct action of gut commensals (through microbiota-derived or microbiota-influenced metabolites) on ISCs, followed by their effects via other epithelial and immune cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manasvini Markandey
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditya Bajaj
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Saurabh Kedia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Simon Travis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vineet Ahuja
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,CONTACT Vineet Ahuja Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 110029
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bajgai J, Kim C, Rahman MH, Jeong E, Jang H, Kim K, Choi J, Cho I, Lee K, Lee M. Effects of Alkaline-Reduced Water on Gastrointestinal Diseases. Processes (Basel) 2022; 10:87. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Living a healthy lifestyle is the most important need in the world today. However, oxidative stress (OS) is caused by several stress-inducing factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, chronic diseases, and inflammatory responses, oxygen-free radicals are produced in excess and can damage major organs in the body. This phenomenon has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, including gastritis, constipation, and inflammatory bowel diseases, which include Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, functional dyspepsia, acid reflux, diverticular disease, and irritable bowel syndrome. In this review article, we provide a brief overview of the role of OS in the pathogenesis of GI disorders. Additionally, we discuss the therapeutic role of alkaline-reduced water (ARW) on GI diseases and existing studies on ARW related to GI diseases. Furthermore, we believe that findings from this review article will enhance the knowledge of the readers on the role of ARW on OS and inflammation-based GI diseases.
Collapse
|
22
|
Maraldi T, Angeloni C, Prata C, Hrelia S. NADPH Oxidases: Redox Regulators of Stem Cell Fate and Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:973. [PMID: 34204425 PMCID: PMC8234808 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated within stem cells is the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family of enzymes (NOXs), which are critical determinants of the redox state beside antioxidant defense mechanisms. This balance is involved in another one that regulates stem cell fate: indeed, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation are decisive steps for stem cells during embryo development, adult tissue renovation, and cell therapy application. Ex vivo culture-expanded stem cells are being investigated for tissue repair and immune modulation, but events such as aging, senescence, and oxidative stress reduce their ex vivo proliferation, which is crucial for their clinical applications. Here, we review the role of NOX-derived ROS in stem cell biology and functions, focusing on positive and negative effects triggered by the activity of different NOX isoforms. We report recent findings on downstream molecular targets of NOX-ROS signaling that can modulate stem cell homeostasis and lineage commitment and discuss the implications in ex vivo expansion and in vivo engraftment, function, and longevity. This review highlights the role of NOX as a pivotal regulator of several stem cell populations, and we conclude that these aspects have important implications in the clinical utility of stem cells, but further studies on the effects of pharmacological modulation of NOX in human stem cells are imperative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tullia Maraldi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|