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Song X, Kong F, Liu BF, Song Q, Ren NQ, Ren HY. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of temperature response of microalgae using waste activated sludge extracts for promising biodiesel production. Water Res 2024; 251:121120. [PMID: 38237459 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge (WAS) as one of the major pollutants with a significant annual production, has garnered significant attention regarding its treatment and utilization. If improperly discharged, it not only caused environmental pollution but also led to the wastage of valuable resources. In this study, the microalgae growth and lipid accumulation using waste activated sludge extracts (WASE) under different temperature conditions were investigated. The highest lipid content (59.13%) and lipid productivity (80.41 mg L-1 d-1) were obtained at cultivation temperatures of 10 and 25 °C, respectively. It was found that microalgae can effectively utilize TN/TP/NH4+-N and other nutrients of WASE. The highest utilization rates of TP, TN and NH4+-N were achieved at a cultivation temperature of 10 °C, reaching 84.97, 77.49 and 92.32%, respectively. The algal fatty acids had carbon chains predominantly ranging from C14 to C18, making them suitable for biodiesel production. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed up-regulation of genes associated with triglyceride assembly, the antioxidant system of algal cells, and cellular autophagy, as well as the accumulation of metabolites related to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and lipids. This study offers novel insights into the microscopic mechanisms of microalgae culture using WASE and approaches for the resource utilization of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Fanying Kong
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hong-Yu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China.
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2
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Luo CW, Cai L, Xie C, Jiang TJ. Sulfur-doped α-Fe 2O 3 as an efficient and recycled peroxydisulfate activator toward organic pollutant degradation: performance and mechanism. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:117846-117861. [PMID: 37875758 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S)-doped α-Fe2O3 has been regarded as an excellent catalyst for eliminating organic pollutants in the photo-Fenton-like reaction. Yet, the synthetic complexity and extremely low activity in the dark Fenton-like reaction still need to be solved. In this study, magnetic α-Fe2O3 with sulfide was successfully fabricated via hydrothermal and calcination processes, for the first time, where thiourea acted as both S source and reducing agent, and then, it was applied for activating peroxydisulfate (PDS) to degrade organic contaminants. Important influencing factors were systemically investigated, and the results showed that this catalyst activating PDS was highly effective in the removal of organic pollutants in dark- and photo-Fenton-like reactions. In addition, the catalyst possessed good stability and recyclable ability. The structure of catalyst was analyzed by several characterizations, such as XRD and XPS. The results revealed that sulfide had an important effect on the structure and performance of α-Fe2O3. The detected mechanism indicated that the main reactive oxygen species were altered after switching from darkness to LED illumination. This work offered a promising method to rationally design for S/α-Fe2O3 in the environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Wu Luo
- School of Resources Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Low-Cost Rural Environment Treatment Technology at Education Department of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou, 635000, China.
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Lei Cai
- School of Resources Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China
| | - Chao Xie
- School of Resources Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Jiang
- School of Resources Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China
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Tian T, Zhu X, Song Z, Li X, Zhang J, Mao Y, Wu J, Zhang W, Wang C. Large-Scale Synthesis of Iron Ore@Biomass Derived ESBC to Degrade Tetracycline Hydrochloride for Heterogeneous Persulfate Activation. Catalysts 2022; 12:1345. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-based catalysts are widely used in water treatment and environmental remediation due to their abundant content in nature and their ability to activate persulfate at room temperature. Here, eggshell biochar-loaded natural iron slag (IO@ESBC) was successfully synthesized to remove tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) by activated persulfate. The morphology, structure and chemical composition of IO@ESBC were systematically characterized. The IO@ESBC/PS process showed good performance for TCH removal. The decomposition rate constant (k) for IO@ESBC was 0.011 min−1 and the degradation rate was 3690 mmol/g/h in this system. With the increase of PS concentration and IO@ESBC content, the removal rate of TCH both increased. The IO@ESBC/PS process can effectively remove TCH at pH 3–9. There are different effects on TCH removal for the reason that the addition of water matrix species (humic acid, Cl−, HCO3−, NO3− and HPO42−). The IO@ESBC/PS system for degrading TCH was mainly controlled by both the free radical pathway (SO4•−, •OH and O2•−) and non-free radical pathway (1O2). The loading of ESBC slows down the agglomeration between iron particles, and more active sites are exposed. The removal rate of TCH was still above 75% after five cycles of IO@ESBC. This interesting investigation has provided a green route for synthesis of composite driving from waste resources, expanding its further application for environmental remediations.
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Wang J, Wang T, Li Z, Fu B, Zhai Y, Wang W, Zhai M, Chovelon JM, Gong Y, Wang H. Enhancement of sludge dewaterability by electrolysis coupled with peroxymonosulfate oxidation process: Performance, mechanisms and implications. Chemosphere 2022; 307:135865. [PMID: 35944688 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid increase in waste activated sludge (WAS), it is urgent to develop appropriate dewatering processes to diminish sludge volume and improve disposal efficiency. In this study, an advanced oxidation process using electrolysis coupled with peroxymonosulfate (E/PMS) was applied to improve the dewaterability of WAS. The results indicated that the sludge water content (WC) and capillary suction time (CST) dropped from 98.4 ± 0.2% and 220.1 ± 2.3 s to 70.7 ± 0.8% and 63.0 ± 1.2 s, respectively, under the following conditions: an electrolysis voltage of 20 V, an electrolysis time of 20 min, and 200 mg/g TS PMS. The increase in sludge zeta potential, surface hydrophobicity, and flowability indicated a significant improvement in sludge dewaterability. SO4•-, O•H, and O21 generated in the E/PMS process were responsible for the improvement of WAS dewaterability. These reactive oxygen species damaged extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), decreased fluorescent EPS components, and transformed the extracellular protein secondary structures by influencing the H-bond actions that maintain the α-helix. The bound water content, and apparent viscosity of WAS were found to be reduced, which was also attributed to an increase in dewatering capacity. Additionally, E/PMS treatment enhanced the degradation of organic matter in sludge and reduced the toxicity of the filtrate as well as the bioavailability of heavy metals. The cost analysis found that the E/PMS process was relatively economical and has great potential for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Siping Rd 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tianrun Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Siping Rd 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zonglin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Siping Rd 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bomin Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Siping Rd 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, UNEP-TONGJI Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuhui Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Siping Rd 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Siping Rd 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mudi Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Siping Rd 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jean-Marc Chovelon
- IRCELYON, CNRS UMR 5256, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 2 Avenue Albert-Einstein, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France
| | - Yuxiu Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Siping Rd 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Siping Rd 1239, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, UNEP-TONGJI Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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5
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Wen Q, Liu B, Chen Z. Simultaneous recovery of vivianite and produce short-chain fatty acids from waste activated sludge using potassium ferrate as pre-oxidation treatment. Environ Res 2022; 208:112661. [PMID: 35032543 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Recovery resources from waste active sludge (WAS) is an effective way to alleviate the predicament of WAS disposal, and it is also conducive to the carbon neutralization of wastewater treatment systems. This study discussed the strategy of WAS anaerobic fermentation after pre-oxidation with potassium ferrate (K2FeO4, PF), which can simultaneously recover vivianite and enhance SCFAs production. The results showed that PF pre-oxidation considerably shortened the fermentation time of SCFAs to 2 days, and the main Fe-P mineral was vivianite. The optimal PF dosage of 0.06 g Fe (VI)/g TSS for pre-oxidation WAS resulted in the maximum SCFAs production and vivianite recovery rate of 3698.2 ± 118.98 mg COD/g VSS and 32.39%, respectively. The mechanism analysis showed that the oxidizing properties of PF significantly accelerated the disintegration of tight EPS, release of protein and sludge acidification efficiency. Moreover, the PF strengthened the transfer of P to the solid phase, forming the Fe-P mineral and unsaturated coordination state of phosphate group. Then the key microorganism Geobacter reduced the Fe3+ in Fe-P state to Fe2+ and combined unsaturated phosphate to form vivianite. This study provides an alternative method for resource recovery and environmentally friendly disposal of WAS and contributes to the carbon neutrality of urban water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Baozhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
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6
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Rajesh Banu J, Godvin Sharmila V, Kavitha S, Varjani S, Kumar G, Gunasekaran M. Alkali activated persulfate mediated extracellular organic release on enzyme secreting bacterial pretreatment for efficient hydrogen production. Bioresour Technol 2021; 341:125810. [PMID: 34467891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation is proposed to assess the competency of Sodium Persulphate (SPS) induced enzyme secreting bacterial pretreatment in enhancing the generation of biohydrogen from waste activated sludge (WAS). Alkali activated SPS of dosage 0.015 g/g SS has been opted to disseminate the floc structure to fortify the release of Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) into aqueous phase. This removal of EPS enhances the bacterial disintegration fostering 18.71% of suspended solids reduction and 21% of COD solubilization which was comparatively higher than bacterially pretreated (BP) and control (C) sludge. Biohydrogen production of control (C), bacterially pretreated (BP) and SPS mediated bacterially pretreated (SPS-BP) sludge were found to be 32.2 mLH2/g COD, 48.3 mLH2/g COD and 103.8 mLH2/g COD respectively. The net energy production of SPS - BP is 0.01 kWh which is higher than the C and BP sample during the entire treatment and obtained energy ratio greater than 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Life Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
| | - V Godvin Sharmila
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382010, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - M Gunasekaran
- Department of Physics, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Guo S, Zhou L, Huang Y, Huang X. Insight into the comparison of thermally and Fe(II) activated persulfate on sludge dewaterability and disintegration. Water Sci Technol 2021; 84:1464-1476. [PMID: 34559080 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of thermally and Fe(II) activated potassium persulfate (PPS) on sludge dewatering performance were compared systematically. Sludge dewaterability was monitored by measuring capillary suction time (CST) and sludge specific resistance to filtration (SRF), and the degradation effect was characterized by chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The change of extracellular polymer substance (EPS) including soluble, loosely bound and tightly bound EPS (S-EPS, LB-EPS and TB-EPS) with time and PPS dosage was monitored to discuss the oxidation efficiency of thermally and Fe(II) activated PPS. Sludge supernatant was analyzed by three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission spectra (3D-EEM) to confirm the protein transformation. The result showed that sludge dewaterability in terms of CST and SRF were enhanced with increasing PPS dosage and condition time of two activated methods. While Fe(II) activated PPS could reduce sludge CST and SRF to preferred values at low PPS dosage and short condition time. Meanwhile, sludge degradation effect was also more obvious. Mechanically, sludge TB-EPS in proteins and polysaccharides converted to SB-EPS was faster with Fe(II) activated PPS. In addition, thermally activated PPS tended to oxidize the protein in the supernatant first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Guo
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 2 of Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China E-mail:
| | - Long Zhou
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 2 of Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China E-mail:
| | - Yuxin Huang
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 2 of Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China E-mail:
| | - Xinghu Huang
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 2 of Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China E-mail:
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Guo J, Gao Q, Chen Y, He Q, Zhou H, Liu J, Zou C, Chen W. Insight into sludge dewatering by advanced oxidation using persulfate as oxidant and Fe 2+ as activator: Performance, mechanism and extracellular polymers and heavy metals behaviors. J Environ Manage 2021; 288:112476. [PMID: 33827020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study established a Fe2+/persulfate oxidation system to dewater sludge in WWTPs. Dewatering performance, persulfate consumption and the variations of sludge pH, TN and TP during dewatering process were monitored. EPS and ζ-potential behaviors for ameliorating sludge dewatering was investigated. Transformation, leaching toxicity and environmental risk of heavy metals in sludge during dewatering were determined. Results demonstrated that after treated by Fe2+/persulfate oxidation system with 0.6 mmol/g-VS of persulfate at Fe2+/persulfate molar ratio 0.6, WC decreased to 53.5% and SCST increased to 4.15, which implied an excellent improvement of sludge dewatering. The fast persulfate consumption, the decrease of sludge pH and the increase of TN illustrated the positive effects of Fe2+ in activating persulfate and the decomposition of EPS by the activation products, SO4•- and •OH. Another product (Fe3+) generated during persulfate activation could decrease the content of phosphorus-containing matter (released from EPS decomposition) through the precipitation reaction with PO43-. The decrease of TOC and UV-254 happened in HPO-A, HPO-N and TPI-A organic substance of EPS (mainly contained in TB-EPS fraction) indicated that the destruction of hydrophobic organic matter of EPS would stimulate the release of bound water, which was beneficial to dewater sludge. The largest protein loss in TB-EPS (from 24.5 to 10.7 mg/L) indicated that the effective decomposition of TB-EPS could significantly ameliorate sludge dewatering. The increase of ζ-potential indicated the degradation of organic matter in EPS with negative charge. To sum up, the destruction of protein-like substances in hydrophobic organic matter of TB-EPS was the main mechanism for improving sludge dewatering by Fe2+/persulfate oxidation system. 3D-EEM fluorescence spectroscopy analysis proved that these protein-like substances were mainly tryptophan protein and humic acid. Moreover, due to the disruption of EPS, the contents of heavy metals in sludge, and their leaching toxicity and environmental risk were reduced. Therefore, Fe2+/persulfate oxidation system has potential and application prospects to improve sludge dewatering and optimize sludge management in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China.
| | - Qifan Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China
| | - Qianlan He
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China
| | - Hengbing Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China
| | - Jinbao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China
| | - Changwu Zou
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, China
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Jiang F, Li Y, Zhou W, Yang S, Yang Z, Ning Y, Liu D, Zhang Y, Yang B, Tang Z. Cysteine enhanced degradation of monochlorobenzene in groundwater by ferrous iron/persulfate process: Impacts of matrix species and toxicity evaluation in ISCO. Chemosphere 2021; 271:129520. [PMID: 33445021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Monochlorobenzene (MCB), a solvent and synthetic intermediate, has been widely detected in groundwater at industrial contaminated sites. Cysteine (Cys) enhanced Fe2+/persulfate (Fe2+/Cys/PS) process with high degradation efficiency of organic pollutants has the potential for in-situ chemical oxidation of MCB. In this study, we systematically explored the impacts of common anions (CO32-, HCO3-, SO42-, NO3-, NO2-, PO43-, HPO42-, H2PO4-, Cl-, Br-), cations (NH4+, Mg2+, Al3+, Mn2+, Cu2+) and natural organic matter (NOM) on the degradation kinetics of MCB by the novel Fe2+/Cys/PS process and evaluated the ecotoxicity. The results showed that the removal of MCB in absence of matrices was enhanced by Cys due to its reduction and complexation ability. All of the anions inhibited the MCB degradation through the scavenging of SO4•- and HO•, though the inhibition degree of SO42-and NO3- was slight. Cations such as NH4+, Mg2+ and Al3+ hardly interfered with the reaction. Low concentrations of Cu2+ and NOM promoted the MCB oxidation, but the promotion strength weakened and turned into inhibition with the increased concentration of Cu2+ and NOM. The toxicity assessment of the transformation products (TPs) in the presence of Cl- and Br- based on the quantitative structure-activity relationships model showed the potentially higher toxicity of some TPs than their parent MCB. These results indicate that groundwater matrices may interfere with the MCB oxidation process. To accurately evaluate the effects of groundwater matrices on Fe2+/Cys/PS process for MCB oxidation and its potential toxicity, the field tests should be carried out in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengcheng Jiang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yilian Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Sen Yang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yu Ning
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Danqing Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Baoguo Yang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhi Tang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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10
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Wang S, Liu Z, Yang M, Zhou Y, Yang M, Long M, Fang F, Guo J. The differences in characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances of flocs and anammox granules impacted aggregation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1711-1720. [PMID: 33768321 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are considered crucial components in the formation of microbial aggregates such as biofilms, flocs and granules. However, the role of EPS in sludge aggregation is still unclear. In this study, the differences in EPS characteristics of anammox granular sludge (AG), anammox floc sludge (AF) and activated floc sludge (AS) were investigated to clarify its role in granular aggregation. The results showed that the flocculation ability of EPS extracted from AG (62.8 ± 2.3%) was notably higher than that of EPS extracted from AF (35.7 ± 1.7%) and AS (17.3 ± 1.5%). The zeta potential and hydrophobicity of EPS showed the same tendency. In addition, the PN/PS ratio of AG, AF and AS were 7.66, 4.62 and 3.93, respectively. FTIR, XPS and 3D-EEM fluorescence spectra results revealed that anammox granular sludge has a higher ratio of hydrophobic groups, α-helixs/(β-sheets and random coils), intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and aromatic amino acids, and a lower ratio of electronegative groups. Anammox granular sludge exhibited high aggregation ability, because its EPS had higher zeta potential, hydrophobicity and intermolecular hydrogen bond ratio. This work provides a better understanding of the high aggregation ability of anammox granules and a theoretical basis for improving granules proportion and retention ability of microbes in reactor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.,Yangtze Ecology and Environment Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Mansu Yang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Man Long
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Fang Fang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Jinsong Guo
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
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11
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Ruan S, Deng J, Cai A, Chen S, Cheng Y, Li J, Li Q, Li X. Improving dewaterability of waste activated sludge by thermally-activated persulfate oxidation at mild temperature. J Environ Manage 2021; 281:111899. [PMID: 33418390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mass production of waste activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants may lead to environmental pollution and sludge dewatering is an essential process during its treatment. The oxidation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was the core step to achieve deep sludge dewatering. In this study, thermally-activated sodium persulfate (SPS) process was managed to improve the dewaterability of waste activated sludge (WAS) and its internal mechanism was systematically elaborated. Experimental results showed that with 2.0 mmol/g VSS SPS at 80 °C, capillary suction time (CST) was roughly 59.74% of that in raw sludge. Under this condition, 14.66 ± 0.10 × 1011 kg/m of specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and 61.8% ± 0.1% of water content (WC) was determined, respectively. A solubilization/oxidation process was proposed to unravel the mechanism of the enhanced dewaterability of WAS in thermally-activated SPS process. Mild temperature efficiently disrupted the sludge flocs and broke cell walls, releasing large amounts of EPS into bulk phase. Meanwhile, mild temperature accelerated the decomposition of SPS to generate sulfate radicals (SO4-) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) for oxidizing EPS, facilitating the conversion of bound hydrated water into free water and achieving solid-water separation. The higher reaction temperature favored sludge dewatering, whereas overdosing SPS posed no significant impact. Further analysis illustrated that tyrosine protein-like, tryptophan protein-like, fulvic acid-like and humic acid-like substances in various EPS fractions together exerted the influence on sludge dewatering. Furthermore, the synergy process could alter the secondary structure of protein, which caused a loose structure of EPS and the exposure of hydrophobic sites, facilitating the dehydration of sludge flocs. The details of how thermally-activated SPS process enhanced sludge dewaterability provided the theoretical and technical basis for the application of the process under a real-world situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Ruan
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Anhong Cai
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Yongqing Cheng
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
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Chen K, Liu J, Huang S, Mei M, Chen S, Wang T, Li J. Evaluation of the combined effect of sodium persulfate and thermal hydrolysis on sludge dewatering performance. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:7586-7597. [PMID: 33037543 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This innovative study makes use of a thermal hydrolysis process (THP) and the conditioner sodium persulfate (SPS) to improve the dewaterability of sewage sludge. The best-operating conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM): 100 mg/g of dry solids (DS) of SPS, 101 min of reaction time of THP, and a temperature of 200 °C. Distribution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), zeta potential, bound water, and solid characters were analyzed to reveal the mechanisms involved in the dewatering process. These results indicate that the sewage sludge after treatment (SPS combined with THP) had a superior dewaterability. The specific resistance to filtration (SRF) under the best conditions was 0.51 × 1011 m/kg, decreasing by 91.65% compared to the raw sludge (RS) (6.11 × 1011 m/kg). This mechanism could be explained as follows: (1) Aromaticity and hydrophobicity of sludge cake after SPS + THP treatment was increased; (2) sludge flocs were re-flocculated by charge neutralization, giving rise to a loose and porous structure; (3) the structure of extracellular polymeric substances and cells was destroyed, and the bound water was released. Overall, the conditioning by combination of SPS and THP is an effective mean to improve sewage sludge dewaterability. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
- Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
- Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Simian Huang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
- Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Meng Mei
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
- Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Si Chen
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
- Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China.
- Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China.
| | - Jinping Li
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China.
- Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China.
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Geng H, Xu Y, Zheng L, Gong H, Dai L, Dai X. An overview of removing heavy metals from sewage sludge: Achievements and perspectives. Environ Pollut 2020; 266:115375. [PMID: 32827986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge (SS) is attracting increasing attention because the presence of toxic heavy metals in SS restricts its reuse or disposal, especially on land. This review presents an overview of research on the origin and chemical speciation of heavy metals in SS and describes methods for their removal. SS primarily absorbs heavy metals from wastewater via passive sorption and active uptake of biomass, resulting in the different chemical speciation. The advantages and disadvantages of the current methods for the removal of heavy metals from SS are analysed. The current methods focus on the removal efficiencies of heavy metals, which are high enough to meet the standard of land application, but the treatment cost, the change and retention of nutrients, and the effects on SS properties resulting from heavy metal removal are usually ignored. In this review, the main knowledge gaps are identified and proposals for future research are made. These should comprise determining the underlying mechanisms of current removal methods, optimising and integrating the removal methods, and establishing systematic evaluation standards for these methods. This review will help researchers develop new environmentally and economically friendly methods for the removal of heavy metals from SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Linke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lingling Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Li Y, Zhu Y, Wang D, Yang G, Pan L, Wang Q, Ni BJ, Li H, Yuan X, Jiang L, Tang W. Fe(II) catalyzing sodium percarbonate facilitates the dewaterability of waste activated sludge: Performance, mechanism, and implication. Water Res 2020; 174:115626. [PMID: 32101786 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Fe(II) catalyzing sodium percarbonate (Fe(II)/SPC) was managed to facilitate waste activated sludge (WAS) dewatering for the first time. The results showed that after WAS was treated by 20 mg/g total suspended solids (TSS) Fe(II) and 50 mg/g TSS SPC, the water content of sludge cake (WCSC) by press filtration and capillary suction time (CST) dropped from 90.8% ± 1.6% and 96.1 ± 4.0 s (the control) to 55.6% ± 1.4% and 30.1 ± 2.5 s, respectively. The mechanism investigations indicated that four intermediates or products (i.e., •OH, H2O2, Fe(II), and Fe(III)) generated in the Fe(II)/SPC process were responsible for the improved WAS dewaterability, and •OH and Fe(III) were the two major contributors. It was found that •OH collapsed and fragmented extracellular polymeric substances, damaged cell wall and permeabilized cytoplasmic membrane, and transformed conformation of the extracellular proteins secondary structure via both affecting the hydrogen bond maintaining α-helix and cracking disulfide bond in cysteine residues while Fe(III), the oxidization product of Fe(II), decreased the surface electronegativity and water-affinity surface areas of WAS flocs. As a result, the bound water release, flocculability, surface hydrophobicity, drain capability, and flowability of WAS flocs were strengthened whereas the compact surface structure, colloidal forces, network strength, gel-like structure, and apparent viscosity of WAS flocs were weakened. In addition, Fe(II)/SPC process also reduced the recalcitrant organics and fecal coliforms in sludge, which facilitated land application of dewatered sludge. The findings acquired in this work not only deepens our understanding of Fe(II)/SPC-involved WAS treatment process but also may guide engineers to develop both effective and promising strategies to better condition WAS for dewatering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Yeqing Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Guojing Yang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China.
| | - Liuyi Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Longbo Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Wangwang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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