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Ali S, Ismail PM, Khan M, Dang A, Ali S, Zada A, Raziq F, Khan I, Khan MS, Ateeq M, Khan W, Bakhtiar SH, Ali H, Wu X, Shah MIA, Vinu A, Yi J, Xia P, Qiao L. Charge transfer in TiO 2-based photocatalysis: fundamental mechanisms to material strategies. Nanoscale 2024; 16:4352-4377. [PMID: 38275275 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04534j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor-based photocatalysis has attracted significant interest due to its capacity to directly exploit solar energy and generate solar fuels, including water splitting, CO2 reduction, pollutant degradation, and bacterial inactivation. However, achieving the maximum efficiency in photocatalytic processes remains a challenge owing to the speedy recombination of electron-hole pairs and the limited use of light. Therefore, significant endeavours have been devoted to addressing these issues. Specifically, well-designed heterojunction photocatalysts have been demonstrated to exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity through the physical distancing of electron-hole pairs generated during the photocatalytic process. In this review, we provide a systematic discussion ranging from fundamental mechanisms to material strategies, focusing on TiO2-based heterojunction photocatalysts. Current efforts are focused on developing heterojunction photocatalysts based on TiO2 for a variety of photocatalytic applications, and these projects are explained and assessed. Finally, we offer a concise summary of the main insights and challenges in the utilization of TiO2-based heterojunction photocatalysts for photocatalysis. We expect that this review will serve as a valuable resource to improve the efficiency of TiO2-based heterojunctions for energy generation and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharafat Ali
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
| | - Pir Muhammad Ismail
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Shannxi Engineering Laboratory for Graphene New Carbon Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Alei Dang
- Shannxi Engineering Laboratory for Graphene New Carbon Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China
- Energy, Water and Environment Lab, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Zada
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Raziq
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
| | - Imran Khan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Shakeel Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ateeq
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Waliullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Syedul Hasnain Bakhtiar
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Haider Ali
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Pengfei Xia
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
| | - Liang Qiao
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
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Sohn EJ, Jun BM, Nam SN, Park CM, Jang M, Son A, Yoon Y. Photocatalytic boron nitride-based nanomaterials for the removal of selected organic and inorganic contaminants in aqueous solution: A review. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140800. [PMID: 38040264 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Boron nitride (BN) coupled with various conventional and advanced photocatalysts has been demonstrated to exhibit extraordinary activity for photocatalytic degradation because of its unique properties, including a high surface area, constant wide-bandgap semiconducting property, high thermal-oxidation resistance, good hydrogen-adsorption performance, and high chemical/mechanical stability. However, only limited reviews have discussed the application of BN or BN-based nanomaterials as innovative photocatalysts, and it does not cover the recent results and the developments on the application of BN-based nanomaterials for water purification. Herein, we present a complete review of the present findings on the photocatalytic degradation of different contaminants by various BN-based nanomaterials. This review includes the following: (i) the degradation behavior of different BN-based photocatalysts for various contaminants, such as selected dye compounds, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, and inorganics; (ii) the stability/reusability of BN-based photocatalysts; and (iii) brief discussion for research areas/future studies on BN-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Jungmin Sohn
- Water Supply and Sewerage Department, DOHWA Engineering Co., LTD, 438, Samseong-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06178, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Moon Jun
- Radwaste Management Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 111 Daedeok-daero 989 Beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Nam Nam
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahjeong Son
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeomin Yoon
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 300 Main Street, SC, 29208, USA.
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Ren YY, Liu C, Cao Z, Li CC. Performance and degradation mechanism of phycocyanin by Cu-TiO 2 photocatalytic treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:58304-58314. [PMID: 36977871 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency, transformation products, and mechanism of phycocyanin removal from water by simulated sunlight/Cu-decorated TiO2 photocatalyst treatment were studied. After 360 min of photocatalytic degradation, the removal rate of PC was higher than 96%, about 47% of DON was oxidized into NH4+-N, NO3- and NO2-. ·OH was the main active species in the photocatalytic system, which contributes about 55.7% to PC degradation efficiency, H+ and ·O2- also contributed to the photocatalytic activity. The degradation process of phycocyanin is firstly caused by the attack of free radicals, which leads to the disintegration of the chromophore group PCB and the apoprotein, and then apoprotein peptide chain was broken to generate small molecule dipeptides, amino acids, and their derivatives. Amino acid residues sensitive to free radical action in phycocyanin peptide chain include most hydrophobic amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine, proline, valine, phenylalanine, and some hydrophilic amino acids which are easily oxidized such as lysine and arginine. Small molecular peptides (dipeptides), amino acids, and their derivatives are broken off and released into water bodies for further reaction and degradation into smaller molecular weight substances. During this process, part of organic nitrogen was transferred to inorganic nitrogen. When photocatalytic oxidation lasts for 300 min, NH4+ increases from 0.41 mg/L to 2.21 mg/L, and DON removal rate reaches 47%. The Cu-TiO2 photocatalyst was found to decrease the CHCl3 formation potential; however, it exacerbated the production of dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm) and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) beyond their initial levels. The divergent trends of these disinfection by-products are due to the fundamental differences in the precursor material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Ren
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development On Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Zhen Cao
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Cong-Cong Li
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Ren X, Yao H, Tang R, A R, Yuan S, Wang W, Ali IM, Hu ZH. Modification of TiO 2 by Er 3+ and rGO enhancing visible photocatalytic degradation of arsanilic acid. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:35023-35033. [PMID: 36525183 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a typical wide band gap photocatalyst, titania (TiO2) cannot use the visible light and has fast recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Simultaneous introduction of erbium ion (Er3+) and graphene oxide (rGO) into TiO2 might overcome these two drawbacks. In this study, Er3+ and rGO were co-doped on TiO2 to synthesize Er3+-rGO/TiO2 photocatalyst through a two-step sol-gel method. Based on the UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra and photoluminescence spectrum, the introduction of Er3+ and rGO increased the visible light absorption efficiency and enhanced the migration of photogenerated electron. Pure TiO2 has almost no photocatalytic activity for arsanilic acid (p-ASA) degradation under visible light irradiation. However, while doping with 2.0 mol% Er3+ and 10.0 mol% rGO, the p-ASA could be completely degraded within 50 min by the Er3+-rGO/TiO2 photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, and most of produced inorganic arsenic was in situ removed by adsorption from the solution. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) reacting with p-ASA was determined and superoxide radical (O2•-) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were the dominant ROS for the oxidation of p-ASA and arsenite. This work provides an approach of introducing Er3+ and rGO to enhance the visible light photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Ren
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Rural Water Environment and Resource, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yao
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tongling University, Tongling, 244000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Tang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Rural Water Environment and Resource, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong A
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Rural Water Environment and Resource, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoujun Yuan
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Rural Water Environment and Resource, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Rural Water Environment and Resource, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ibrahim Mohamed Ali
- Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt
| | - Zhen-Hu Hu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Rural Water Environment and Resource, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China.
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Li X, Xiong J, Tang Z, He W, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhao Z, Wei Y. Recent Progress in Metal Oxide-Based Photocatalysts for CO 2 Reduction to Solar Fuels: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041653. [PMID: 36838641 PMCID: PMC9961657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges in developing practical CO2 photoconversion catalysts is the design of materials with a low cost, high activity and good stability. In this paper, excellent photocatalysts based on TiO2, WO3, ZnO, Cu2O and CeO2 metal oxide materials, which are cost-effective, long-lasting, and easy to fabricate, are evaluated. The characteristics of the nanohybrid catalysts depend greatly on their architecture and design. Thus, we focus on outstanding materials that offer effective and practical solutions. Strategies to improve CO2 conversion efficiency are summarized, including heterojunction, ion doping, defects, sensitization and morphology control, which can inspire the future improvement in photochemistry. The capacity of CO2 adsorption is also pivotal, which varies with the morphological and electronic structures. Forms of 0D, 1D, 2D and 3DOM (zero/one/two-dimensional- and three-dimensional-ordered macroporous, respectively) are involved. Particularly, the several advantages of the 3DOM material make it an excellent candidate material for CO2 conversion. Hence, we explain its preparation method. Based on the discussion, new insights and prospects for designing high-efficient metallic oxide photocatalysts to reduce CO2 emissions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Zhiling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Wenjie He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yuechang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
- Correspondence:
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Wei P, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Chen L. Structural design of SiO2/TiO2 materials and their adsorption-photocatalytic activities and mechanism of treating cyanide wastewater. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Chandel M, Thakur M, Sharma A, Pathania D, Kumar A, Singh L. Chlorophyll sensitized (BiO) 2CO 3/ CdWO 4/rGO nano-hybrid assembly for solar assisted photo-degradation of chlorzoxazone. Chemosphere 2022; 305:135472. [PMID: 35760124 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present laboratory scale experiment, we report the fabrication of chlorophyll sensitized (BiO)2CO3/CdWO4/rGO (BCR) photo-catalyst. The green approach has been adopted for boosting the optical activity by chlorophyll as a sensitizer. The functionality, nature and surface compositions of synthesized photo-catalyst have been identified by FTIR, XRD and XPS instrumentation. The internal and surface morphology has been studied using FE-SEM and HR-TEM. The optical activity has been investigated by UV-vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of chlorophyll sensitized BCR have been tested for the photo degradation of Chlorzoxazone (CZX) under simulated visible light for 90 min. The detailed comparison has been studied for the different loading amount of chlorophyll and RGO onto BCR photo-catalyst. The potential of BCR for the photo-degradation of CZX was investigated under various operational parameters such as catalysts dosage, pollutant concentration, effect of pH and ions etc. Approximately, 96.2% of CZX has been degraded over 90 min with the optimum catalyst amount 250 mgL-1 at pH 7. The ●OH radical has been identified as major reactive species using radical scavenging experiment. The mineralization of CZX has been evaluated in terms of HR-MS and TOC-COD analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Chandel
- Department of Chemistry, IEC University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Manita Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, IEC University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Arush Sharma
- School of Sciences, Baddi University of Emerging Sciences and Technology, (BUEST) Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173205, India
| | - Deepak Pathania
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Jammu, Bagla (Rahya-Suchani), Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, 181143, India; Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Maharaja Agrasen University, Atal Shiksha Kunj, Barotiwala, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India.
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175001, India.
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Nivetha A, Prabha I. Surfactant‐Enhanced Nano Spinel Oxide for Applications in Catalysis, Dye Degradation and Antibacterial Activity. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Inbaraj Prabha
- Department of Chemistry Bharathiar University Coimbatore 641 046 India
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Chen Z, Li X, Wu Y, Zheng J, Peng P, Zhang X, Duan A, Wang D, Yang Q. S-scheme Cs2AgBiBr6/Ag3PO4 heterojunction with efficient photocatalysis performance for H2 production and organic pollutant degradation under visible light. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Singh P, Sen K. Selective adsorption of epigallocatechin gallate onto highly reusable gallium doped mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles adsorbent. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022; 99:100576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu Z, Zhang A, Liu Y, Fu Y, Du Y. Local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-coupled charge separation over g-C3N4-supported WO3/BiOCl heterojunction for photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sharma SK, Kumar A, Sharma G, Vo DVN, García-Peñas A, Moradi O, Sillanpää M. MXenes based nano-heterojunctions and composites for advanced photocatalytic environmental detoxification and energy conversion: A review. Chemosphere 2022; 291:132923. [PMID: 34813851 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research is being done to develop multifunctional advanced new materials for high performance photocatalytic applications in the field of energy production and environmental detoxification, MXenes have emerged as promising materials for enhancing photocatalytic performance owing to their excellent mechanical properties, appropriate Fermi levels, and adjustability of chemical composition. Numerous experimental and theoretical research works implied that the dimensions of MXenes have a significant impact on their performance. For photocatalysis to thrive in the future, we must understand the current state of the art for MXene in different dimensions. Using MXene co-catalysts in widely used in photocatalytic applications such as CO2 reduction, hydrogen production and organic pollutant oxidation, this study focuses on the most recent developments in MXenes based materials, structural modifications, innovations in reaction and material engineering. It has been reported that using 5 mg of CdS-MoS2-MXene researchers were able to generate as high as 9679 μmol/g/h hydrogen under visible light. The MXenes based heterojunction photocatalyst Co3O4/MXene was utilized to degrade 95% bisphenol A micro-pollutant in just 7 min. Numerous novel materials, their preparations and performances have been discussed. Depending upon the nature of MXene-based materials, the synthesis techniques and photocatalytic mechanism of MXenes as co-catalyst are also summarized. Finally, some final thoughts and prospects for developing highly efficient MXene-based photocatalysts are provided which will indeed motivate researchers to design novel hybrid materials based on MXenes for sustainable solutions to energy and pollution issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Sharma
- School of Advance Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India, 173229
| | - Amit Kumar
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India, 173229; School of Science and Technology, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India.
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Laboratory for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, India, 173229.
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam
| | - Alberto García-Peñas
- University Carlos III of Madrid, Av. de la Universidad, 3028911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Omid Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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