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Du Y, Tian L, Wang Y, Li Z, Xu Z. Chemodiversity, pharmacological activity, and biosynthesis of specialized metabolites from medicinal model fungi Ganoderma lucidum. Chin Med 2024; 19:51. [PMID: 38519991 PMCID: PMC10958966 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a precious fungus, particularly valued for its dual use as both medicine and food. Ganoderic acids (GAs), the distinctive triterpenoids found in the Ganoderma genus, exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, the limited resources of GAs restrict their clinic usage and drug discovery. In this review, we presented a comprehensive summary focusing on the diverse structures and pharmacological activity of GAs in G. lucidum. Additionally, we discussed the latest advancements in the elucidation of GA biosynthesis, as well as the progress in heterosynthesis and liquid fermentation methods aimed at further increasing GA production. Furthermore, we summarized the omics data, genetic transformation system, and cultivation techniques of G. lucidum, described as medicinal model fungi. The understanding of Ganoderic acids chemodiversity and biosynthesis in medicinal model fungi Ganoderma lucidum will provide important insights into the exploration and utilization of natural products in medicinal fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Du
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lixia Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhenhao Li
- ShouXianGu Botanical Drug Institute, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China.
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Lu YW, Xie LY, Qi MH, Ren S, Wang YQ, Hu JN, Wang Z, Tang S, Zhang JT, Li W. Platycodin D Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mice via Regulating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38491972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effect of platycodin D (PD) on cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its potential molecular mechanisms of action in vivo and in vitro. Materials and methods: An animal model of cognitive impairment in T2DM was established using a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) after 8 weeks of feeding a high-fat diet to C57BL/6 mice. In vitro, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were employed to analyze the effects of PD on glucose-induced neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampal neuronal cells (HT22). Results: PD (2.5 mg/kg) treatment for 4 weeks significantly suppressed the rise in fasting blood glucose in T2DM mice, improved insulin secretion deficiency, and reversed abnormalities in serum triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein levels. Meanwhile, PD ameliorated choline dysfunction in T2DM mice and inhibited the production of oxidative stress and apoptosis-related proteins of the caspase family. Notably, PD dose-dependently prevents the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, promotes phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and protein kinase B (Akt) in vitro, activates glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) expression at the Ser9 site, and inhibits Tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Conclusions: These findings clearly indicated that PD could alleviate the neurological damage caused by T2DM, and the phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 may be the key to its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wei Lu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Li-Ya Xie
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Meng-Han Qi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shen Ren
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yue-Qi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jun-Nan Hu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shan Tang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing-Tian Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Changchun 130118, China
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Zhang H, Zhou M, Ye C, Qin J, Lu X, Wang C, Wang X, Jin X. Betulinic acid inhibits the proliferation of human laryngeal carcinoma cells through reactive oxygen species-mediate mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105756. [PMID: 38061603 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a natural pentacyclic triterpene, was extracted from the white birch tree, Triphyophyllum peltatum and the jujube tree. In a variety of human cancer cell lines, this substance displays anticancer properties. In this study, we examined how BA works to inhibit human laryngeal cancer growth. We discovered that BA minimally exhibited cytotoxicity in normal cells (human normal cell line GES-1), while remarkably inhibiting viability of AMC-HN-8, TU212, HEp-2 and M4e cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In AMC-HN-8 cancer cells, BA induced apoptosis, activated caspase-3/9/PARP, significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased the expression of cytochrome C in the cytoplasm, transported Bax to the mitochondria, increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine can reduce apoptosis. All data showed that BA triggered apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, in which ROS production was likely involved. The findings support the development of BA as a viable drug for the treatment of human laryngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mengru Zhou
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Chongtao Ye
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiahao Qin
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- China College of life and health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xude Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xuejun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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Wang L, Jayawardena TU, Kim YS, Wang K, Fu X, Ahn G, Cha SH, Kim JG, Lee JS, Jeon YJ. Anti-Melanogenesis and Anti-Photoaging Effects of the Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from the Brown Seaweed Padina boryana. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3382. [PMID: 37631439 PMCID: PMC10459840 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides isolated from seaweeds are thought of as ideal ingredients in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetics industries. Our previous study isolated and characterized sulfated polysaccharides from Padina boryana. The sulfated polysaccharides of Padina boryana (PBP) were extracted, and the antioxidant activity of PBP was evaluated. The results indicate that PBP possesses antioxidant effects and potential in the cosmetic industry. To further investigate the potential of PBP in cosmetics, the photoprotective and anti-melanogenesis effects of PBP were evaluated. The anti-melanogenesis test results display that PBP reduced the melanin content in the murine melanoma cells stimulated by alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone from 203.7% to 183.64%, 144.63%, and 127.57% at concentrations of 25 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL, respectively. The anti-photodamage test results showed that PBP significantly protected skin cells against UVB-stimulated photodamage. PBP suppressed human epidermal keratinocyte (HaCaT cell) death by inhibiting apoptosis and reducing the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The intracellular reactive oxygen species level of HaCaT cells irradiated by UVB was reduced from 192.67% to 181.22%, 170.25%, and 160.48% by 25 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL PBP, respectively. In addition, PBP remarkably reduced UVB-induced human dermal fibroblast damage by suppressing oxidative damage, inhibiting collagen degradation, and attenuating inflammatory responses. These results indicate that PBP possesses photoprotective and anti-melanogenesis activities and suggest that PBP is a potential ingredient in the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Thilina U. Jayawardena
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sang Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoting Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio Food Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Heui Cha
- Department of Marine Bio and Medical Science, Hanseo Universirty, Seosan-si 32158, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gyun Kim
- Department of Seafood Science & Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (J.G.K.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Jung Suck Lee
- Department of Seafood Science & Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (J.G.K.); (J.S.L.)
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Republic of Korea
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Wang X, Tian Y, Lin H, Cao X, Zhang Z. Curcumin induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by decreasing the expression of STAT3/VEGF/HIF-1α signaling. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220618. [PMID: 37333486 PMCID: PMC10276545 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is the most abundant derivative of turmeric rhizome. Although studies have proved that curcumin could inhibit the growth of tumors, its specific molecular mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. This study aims to systematically elaborate the mechanisms of curcumin against hepatocellular carcinoma. The anti-tumor effect of curcumin was determined by the cell viability test. Flow cytometry was applied to examine the cell cycle and the apoptosis of cancer cells, and the cancer cell migration was detected by wound healing experiments. The expressions of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in cancer cells were examined by immunostaining and analyzed by the Image J analysis system. After treatment with curcumin, the apoptosis ratio of HepG2 cells increased significantly (P < 0.05). The proliferation of cancer cells was arrested at the S-phase cell cycle, and the migration of cancer cells was inhibited by the increasing concentration of curcumin, together with the decreasing expressions of STAT3, VEGF, and HIF-1α signaling pathways. The results indicate that curcumin could effectively inhibit the growth and migration of hepatocarcinoma cells by inducing cancer cell apoptosis, blocking the cancer cell cycle in the S phase, and reducing the expression of STAT3, VEGF, and HIF-1α signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, No. 6 Wenhui East Road, Weicheng District, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan, Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, No. 6 Wenhui East Road, Weicheng District, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan, Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
| | - Huanping Lin
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, No. 6 Wenhui East Road, Weicheng District, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan, Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolan Cao
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, No. 6 Wenhui East Road, Weicheng District, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan, Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, No. 6 Wenhui East Road, Weicheng District, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Research on Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan, Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082 Shaanxi, China
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Nguyen V, Zhang Q, Pan F, Jin Q, Sun M, Tangthianchaichana J, Du S, Lu Y. Zi-Su-Zi decoction improves airway hyperresponsiveness in cough-variant asthma rat model through PI3K/AKT1/mTOR, JAK2/STAT3 and HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116637. [PMID: 37187363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cough-variant asthma (CVA) is one of the most common causes of chronic cough. Its pathogenesis is closely related to chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. CVA belongs to the category of "wind cough" in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Zi-Su-Zi decoction (ZSD) is a Chinese herbal formula that is clinically used for the treatment of cough and asthma, especially CVA. However, the mechanism of action remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we aimed to explore the potential mechanism by which ZSD improves CVA airway hyperresponsiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS The targets of ZSD in CVA were studied using a Network pharmacology. The main chemical components of ZSD were detected and analyzed using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC-MS/MS). In animal experiments, the rat model of CVA was established using Ovalbumin (OVA)/Aluminum hydroxide (AL(OH)3) sensitization. Moreover, the experiment also evaluated cough symptoms, percentage of eosinophils (EOS%), pulmonary function tests, histopathological sections, blood cytokine levels, mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS The results showed that Network pharmacology suggested 276 targets of ZSD and CVA and found that ZSD treatment with CVA was closely related to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. UHPLC-MS/MS revealed that ZSD contained 52 main chemical components. Compared with the model group, the cough symptoms of the rats in the different ZSD concentration groups were relieved, the EOS% index was lowered, and body weight was increased. HE staining showed that ZSD reduced airway inflammation, edema and hyperplasia, thereby improving the pathological structure of lung tissue, and the effect of high-dose ZSD was especially significant. Our most important finding was that ZSD blocked the entry of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) into the nucleus by interfering with PI3K/AKT1/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and janus kinase 2 (JAK2) signaling factors. Consequently, inhibiting the release of cytokines and immunoglobulin-E, thereby reducing airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and partially reverses airway remodeling. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that ZSD can improve airway hyperresponsiveness and partially reverse airway remodeling by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT1/mTOR, JAK2/STAT3 and HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathways. Therefore, ZSD is an effective prescription for the treatment of CVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vietdung Nguyen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Pan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Jin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Jakkree Tangthianchaichana
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China; Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, 12121, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China.
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