1
|
Hay PD, Corsetti M, Tucker E, Fox MR, Perkins A. Tolerability, gastric emptying patterns, and symptoms during the Nottingham Test Meal in 330 secondary care non-diabetic dyspeptic patients. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14454. [PMID: 36082399 PMCID: PMC10078298 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scintigraphy is used for overall assessment of gastric emptying. Adherence to an international consensus protocol is recommended to ensure quality; however, this has not been widely adopted because preparation of the "egg-beater" meal is inconvenient in clinical practice. In this report, we audit the tolerability and the results of gastric emptying scintigraphy with the 400 ml Tc-99 m-labeled liquid nutrient Nottingham Test Meal (NTM). METHODS Results from 330 consecutive adult, non-diabetic patients with dyspeptic symptoms referred for gastric scintigraphy were analyzed. Gastric half-emptying time (T50) and validated measurements of early- and late-phase gastric emptying were acquired. Postprandial sensations of fullness, bloating, heartburn, nausea, and epigastric pain were recorded using 100 mm visual analog scales (VAS) before and 0, 30, and 90 min after NTM ingestion. Results were compared with those previously obtained in healthy subjects. KEY RESULTS Almost all (98%) of the patients were able to consume the 400 ml NTM. Considering early- and late-phase gastric emptying, frequently observed patterns included normal early- with slow late-phase (25%) and fast early- with slow late-phase emptying (27%). Abnormal score of fullness and/ or dyspeptic symptoms were observed in 88% of dyspeptic patients. Abnormal fullness at T0 (after completed drink ingestion) was associated with slow late phase of gastric emptying, especially in women. CONCLUSIONS Gastric scintigraphy with the NTM is simple to perform and well tolerated. Whether the identified abnormal gastric emptying patterns could predict different treatment outcome in patients with functional dyspepsia is the subject of ongoing prospective studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Hay
- Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maura Corsetti
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Translational Medical Sciences, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emily Tucker
- Gastroenterology, Royal Derby Hospital, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Mark R Fox
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Digestive Function: Basel, Laboratory and Clinic for Motility Disorders and Functional Digestive Diseases, Klinik Arlesheim, Arlesheim, Switzerland
| | - Alan Perkins
- Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.,Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham, Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sasaoka Y, Takagi T, Michiba S, Yamamoto Y, Kumagai Y, Kishimura H. Study on the Mechanism of the Blood-Glucose-Lowering Effect of Collagen Peptides from Sturgeon By-Products. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:584. [PMID: 34677483 DOI: 10.3390/md19100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we found that the collagen peptides prepared from the by-products of Bester sturgeon had an inhibitory effect on elevated blood glucose levels in a glucose tolerance test with ICR mice. In the present study, we examine the mechanism of the effect of sturgeon collagen peptides (SCPs) in detail. When glucose was orally administered to mice along with the SCPs, it was found that the glucose remained in the stomach for a longer time. In the above tests, the amount of glucose excreted in the feces of mice also increased. On the contrary, it was revealed that the SCPs have a dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory ability in an in vitro test. In subsequent oral and intravenous glucose administration tests, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and insulin levels in the blood of mice were maintained at high levels. These results suggested the following three mechanisms: SCPs slow the rate of transportation of glucose from the stomach into the small intestine, resulting in delayed glucose absorption; SCPs suppress the absorption of glucose in the small intestine and excrete it from the body; SCPs inhibit DPP-IV in the blood and maintain a high GLP-1 level in blood, which in turn stimulates insulin secretion.
Collapse
|
3
|
Milan AM, Samuelsson LM, Shrestha A, Sharma P, Day L, Cameron-Smith D. Circulating Branched Chain Amino Acid Concentrations Are Higher in Dairy-Avoiding Females Following an Equal Volume of Sheep Milk Relative to Cow Milk: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Nutr 2020; 7:553674. [PMID: 33240914 PMCID: PMC7678490 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.553674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intolerances to bovine dairy are a motivating factor in consumers seeking alternate-or replacement-dairy beverages and foods. Sheep milk (SM) is an alternate dairy source, with greater protein, although similar amino acid composition compared to cow milk (CM). Studies are yet to address the appearance of circulating amino acids following consumption of SM, relative to CM, in humans. Objective: To clinically determine the appearance of branched chain amino acids, and other amino acids, in circulation in response to equal servings of SM and CM, in females who avoid dairy products. Design: In a double-blinded, randomized, cross-over trial, 30 self-described dairy avoiding females (20-40 years) drank 650 mL of SM or CM that were reconstituted from the spray dried powders (30 and 25 g in 180 mL water, respectively) on separate occasions, following an overnight fast. After reconstitution, the energy and protein provided by SM was higher than for CM (2,140 vs. 1,649 kJ; 29.9 vs. 19.4 g protein); content of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) were 10.5 and 6.5 mg·mL-1, respectively. Blood samples were collected at fasting and at regular intervals over 5 h after milk consumption. Plasma amino acids were measured by HPLC. Results: 80% of subjects self-identified as lactose intolerant, and the majority (47%) "avoided drinking milk" "most of the time". SM resulted in greater plasma appearance of BCAAs at 60 min (641.1 ± 16.3 vs. 563.5 ± 14.4 μmol·L-1; p < 0.001) compared with CM. SM similarly resulted in elevated postprandial concentrations of the amino acids lysine, methionine, and proline, particularly at 240 min (time × milk interactions p = 0.011, 0.017, and p = 0.002, respectively). Postprandial increases in plasma alanine concentrations were sustained to 120 min after CM (time × milk interaction p = 0.001) but not after SM, despite greater quantities provided by SM. Conclusions: SM is a rich source of protein, and relative to CM, provides a greater quantity of BCAAs, with a corresponding elevation of the postprandial circulating BCAA response. SM is therefore a possible dairy alternative of benefit to those who need to increase total protein intake or for individuals with heightened protein requirements. Unique Identifier and Registry: https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375324, identifier U1111-1209-7768.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Milan
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Center, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Aahana Shrestha
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Pankaja Sharma
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Li Day
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Center, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- AgResearch Ltd, Grasslands Research Center, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dongare PA, Bhaskar SB, Harsoor SS, Garg R, Kannan S, Goneppanavar U, Ali Z, Gopinath R, Sood J, Mani K, Bhatia P, Rohatgi P, Das R, Ghosh S, Mahankali SS, Singh Bajwa SJ, Gupta S, Pandya ST, Keshavan VH, Joshi M, Malhotra N. Perioperative fasting and feeding in adults, obstetric, paediatric and bariatric population: Practice Guidelines from the Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists. Indian J Anaesth 2020; 64:556-584. [PMID: 32792733 PMCID: PMC7413358 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_735_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep A Dongare
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, ESIPGIMSR, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Bala Bhaskar
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Ballari, India
| | - S S Harsoor
- Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Dr BR Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rakesh Garg
- Additional Professor, Department of Onco-Anaesthesia, Pain and Palliative Medicine, DR BRAIRCH, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudheesh Kannan
- Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, BMCRI, Bengaluru, India
| | - Umesh Goneppanavar
- Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Dharwad Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Ramachandran Gopinath
- Professor and Head,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jayashree Sood
- Honorary. Joint Secretary, Board of Management, Chairperson, Institute of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalaivani Mani
- Scientist IV, Department of Biostatistics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Bhatia
- Professor and Head, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | | | - Rekha Das
- Professor and Head, Department Anaesthesiology, Critical care and Pain, Acharya Harihar Post Graduate Institute of Cancer, Cuttack, India
| | - Santu Ghosh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics, St John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Sukhminder Jit Singh Bajwa
- Professor and Head, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital, Punjab, India
| | - Sunanda Gupta
- Professor and Head, Department of Anaesthesiology, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, India
| | - Sunil T Pandya
- Chief of Anaesthesia and Surgical ICU, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Venkatesh H Keshavan
- Senior Consultant and Chief, Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Critical Care, Apollo Hospitals, Bengaluru, India
| | - Muralidhar Joshi
- Head, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Virinchi Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Naveen Malhotra
- Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology and In Charge Pain Management Centre, Pt BDS PGIMS, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
van Lieshout GAA, Lambers TT, Bragt MCE, Hettinga KA. How processing may affect milk protein digestion and overall physiological outcomes: A systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2422-2445. [PMID: 31437019 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1646703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dairy is one of the main sources for high quality protein in the human diet. Processing may, however, cause denaturation, aggregation, and chemical modifications of its amino acids, which may impact protein quality. This systematic review covers the effect of milk protein modifications as a result of heating, on protein digestion and its physiological impact. A total of 5363 records were retrieved through the Scopus database of which a total of 102 were included. Although the degree of modification highly depends on the exact processing conditions, heating of milk proteins can modify several amino acids. In vitro and animal studies demonstrate that glycation decreases protein digestibility, and hinders amino acid availability, especially for lysine. Other chemical modifications, including oxidation, racemization, dephosphorylation and cross-linking, are less well studied, but may also impact protein digestion, which may result in decreased amino acid bioavailability and functionality. On the other hand, protein denaturation does not affect overall digestibility, but can facilitate gastric hydrolysis, especially of β-lactoglobulin. Protein denaturation can also alter gastric emptying of the protein, consequently affecting digestive kinetics that can eventually result in different post-prandial plasma amino acid appearance. Apart from processing, the kinetics of protein digestion depend on the matrix in which the protein is heated. Altogether, protein modifications may be considered indicative for processing severity. Controlling dairy processing conditions can thus be a powerful way to preserve protein quality or to steer gastrointestinal digestion kinetics and subsequent release of amino acids. Related physiological consequences mainly point towards amino acid bioavailability and immunological consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kasper A Hettinga
- Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Parker H, Hoad CL, Tucker E, Costigan C, Marciani L, Gowland P, Fox M. Gastric motor and sensory function in health assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: Establishment of reference intervals for the Nottingham test meal in healthy subjects. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13463. [PMID: 30216596 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current investigations of gastric emptying rarely identify the cause of symptoms or provide a definitive diagnosis in patients with dyspepsia. This study assessed gastric function by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the modular "Nottingham test meal" (NTM) in healthy volunteers (HVs). METHODS The NTM comprises (a) 400 mL liquid nutrient (0.75 kcal/mL) labeled with Gadolinium-DOTA and (b) an optional solid component (12 agar-beads [0 kcal]). Filling sensations were documented. MRI measurements of gastric volume, emptying, contraction wave frequency, and secretion were obtained using validated methods. KEY RESULTS Gastric function was measured in a population of 73 HVs stratified for age and sex. NTM induced moderate satiety and fullness. Labeled fluid was observed in the small bowel in all subjects after meal ingestion ("early-phase" GE). Secretion was rapid such that postprandial gastric content volume was often greater than meal volume (GCV0 > 400 mL), and there was increasing dilution of the meal during the study (P < 0.001). Gastric half-time was median 66-minutes (95% reference interval 35 to 161-minutes ["late-phase" GE]). The number of intact agar beads in the stomach was 7/12 (58%) at 60-minutes and 1/12 (8%) at 120-minutes. Age, bodyweight and sex had measurable effects on gastric function; however, these were small compared to inter-individual variation for most metrics. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Reference intervals are presented for MRI measurements of gastric function assessed for the mixed liquid/solid NTM. Studies in patients will determine which metrics are of clinical value and also whether the reference intervals presented here offer optimal diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Parker
- NIHR Nottingham BRC, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Zürich Neurogastroenterology and Motility Research Group, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Caroline L Hoad
- NIHR Nottingham BRC, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emily Tucker
- NIHR Nottingham BRC, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carolyn Costigan
- NIHR Nottingham BRC, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Luca Marciani
- NIHR Nottingham BRC, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Fox
- NIHR Nottingham BRC, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Zürich Neurogastroenterology and Motility Research Group, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Milan AM, Hodgkinson AJ, Mitchell SM, Prodhan UK, Prosser CG, Carpenter EA, Fraser K, Cameron-Smith D. Digestive Responses to Fortified Cow or Goat Dairy Drinks: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101492. [PMID: 30322081 PMCID: PMC6213413 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fortified milk drinks are predominantly manufactured from bovine (cow) sources. Alternative formulations include those prepared with hydrolysed bovine milk proteins or from alternate bovidae species, such as caprine (goat) milk. Currently, there is little data on protein digestive and metabolic responses following ingestion of fortified milk drinks. To examine the digestive and metabolic responses to commercially-available fortified milks, young adults (n = 15 males: 15 females), in a randomised sequence, ingested isonitrogenous quantities of whole cow-protein (WC), whole goat-protein (WG), or partially-hydrolysed whey cow-protein (HC), commercial fortified milks. Plasma amino acid (AA) and hormonal responses were measured at baseline and again at 5 h after ingestion. Paracetamol recovery, breath hydrogen, and subjective digestive responses were also measured. Postprandial plasma AA was similar between WC and WG, while AA appearance was suppressed with HC. Following HC, there was a negative incremental AUC in plasma branched-chain AAs. Further, HC had delayed gastric emptying, increased transit time, and led to exaggerated insulin and GLP-1 responses, in comparison to whole protein formulas. Overall, WC and WG had similar protein and digestive responses with no differences in digestive comfort. Contrastingly, HC led to delayed gastric emptying, attenuated AA appearance, and a heightened circulating insulin response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Milan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Alison J Hodgkinson
- Food and Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - Sarah M Mitchell
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Utpal K Prodhan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh.
| | - Colin G Prosser
- Dairy Goat Co-operative (NZ) Ltd., 18 Gallagher Dr, Melville, Hamilton 3206, New Zealand.
| | - Elizabeth A Carpenter
- Dairy Goat Co-operative (NZ) Ltd., 18 Gallagher Dr, Melville, Hamilton 3206, New Zealand.
| | - Karl Fraser
- AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
- AgResearch Grasslands, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Parker HL, Tucker E, Hoad CL, Pal A, Costigan C, Hudders N, Perkins A, Blackshaw E, Gowland P, Marciani L, Fox MR. Development and validation of a large, modular test meal with liquid and solid components for assessment of gastric motor and sensory function by non-invasive imaging. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:554-68. [PMID: 26863609 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current investigations of stomach function are based on small test meals that do not reliably induce symptoms and analysis techniques that rarely detect clinically relevant dysfunction. This study introduces the large 'Nottingham Test Meal' (NTM) for assessment of gastric motor and sensory function by non-invasive imaging. METHODS NTM comprises 400 mL liquid nutrient (0.75 kcal/mL) and 12 solid agar-beads (0 kcal) with known breaking strength. Gastric fullness and dyspeptic sensations were documented by 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Gastric emptying (GE) were measured in 24 healthy volunteers (HVs) by gastric scintigraphy (GS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The contribution of secretion to gastric volume was assessed. Parameters that describe GE were calculated from validated models. Inter-observer agreement and reproducibility were assessed. KEY RESULTS NTM produced moderate fullness (VAS ≥30) but no more than mild dyspeptic symptoms (VAS <30) in 24 HVs. Stable binding of meal components to labels in gastric conditions was confirmed. Distinct early and late-phase GE were detected by both modalities. Liquid GE half-time was median 49 (95% CI: 36-62) min and 68 (57-71) min for GS and MRI, respectively. Differences between GS and MRI measurements were explained by the contribution of gastric secretion. Breaking strength for agar-beads was 0.8 N/m(2) such that median 25 (8-50) % intact agar-beads and 65 (47-74) % solid material remained at 120 min on MRI and GS, respectively. Good reproducibility for liquid GE parameters was present and GE was not altered by agar-beads. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The NTM provided an objective assessment of gastric motor and sensory function. The results were reproducible and liquid emptying was not affected by non-nutrient agar-beads. The method is potentially suitable for clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H L Parker
- NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit and Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Zürich Neurogastroenterology and Motility Research Group, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Tucker
- NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit and Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - C L Hoad
- NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit and Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Pal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - C Costigan
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - N Hudders
- NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit and Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Perkins
- Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - E Blackshaw
- Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - P Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - L Marciani
- NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit and Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M R Fox
- NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit and Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Zürich Neurogastroenterology and Motility Research Group, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Gastroenterology, St. Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kuyumcu S, Menne D, Curcic J, Goetze O, Klebach M, Abrahamse E, Hofman Z, Fried M, Schwizer W, Steingoetter A. Noncoagulating Enteral Formula Can Empty Faster From the Stomach. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2014; 39:544-51. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607114528981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sena Kuyumcu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jelena Curcic
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Goetze
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Klebach
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Evan Abrahamse
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zandrie Hofman
- Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Fried
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Werner Schwizer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Steingoetter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mamone G, Caira S, Garro G, Mauriello R, Nicolai MA, Picariello G, Calabrese MG, Ferranti P, Chianese L, Addeo F. Challenging the heterogeneity of casein by an IEF/MALDI-TOF “virtual 2D-like” approach. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Burgain J, Gaiani C, Cailliez-Grimal C, Jeandel C, Scher J. Encapsulation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in microparticles: Influence of casein to whey protein ratio on bacterial survival during digestion. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
12
|
Juvonen KR, Lille ME, Laaksonen DE, Mykkänen HM, Niskanen LK, Herzig KH, Poutanen KS, Karhunen LJ. Crosslinking with transglutaminase does not change metabolic effects of sodium caseinate in model beverage in healthy young individuals. Nutr J 2012; 11:35. [PMID: 22657838 PMCID: PMC3412744 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postprandial metabolic and appetitive responses of proteins are dependent on protein source and processing technique prior to ingestion. Studies on the postprandial effects of enzymatic crosslinking of milk proteins are sparse. Our aim was to study the effect of transglutaminase (TG)-induced crosslinking of sodium caseinate on postprandial metabolic and appetite responses. Whey protein was included as reference protein. Methods Thirteen healthy individuals (23.3 ± 1.1 y, BMI 21.7 ± 0.4 kg/m2) participated in a single-blind crossover design experiment in which the subjects consumed three different isovolumic (500 g) pourable beverages containing either sodium caseinate (Cas, 29 g), TG-treated sodium caseinate (Cas-TG, 29 g) or whey protein (Wh, 30 g) in a randomized order. Blood samples were collected at baseline and for 4 h postprandially for the determination of plasma glucose, insulin and amino acid (AA) concentrations. Gastric emptying (GE) was measured using the 13 C-breath test method. Appetite was assessed using visual analogue scales. Results All examined postprandial responses were comparable with Cas and Cas-TG. The protein type used in the beverages was reflected as differences in plasma AA concentrations between Wh and Cas, but there were no differences in plasma glucose or insulin responses. A tendency for faster GE rate after Wh was detected. Appetite ratings or subsequent energy intake did not differ among the protein beverages. Conclusions Our results indicate that the metabolic responses of enzymatically crosslinked and native sodium caseinate in a liquid matrix are comparable, suggesting similar digestion and absorption rates and first pass metabolism despite the structural modification of Cas-TG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina R Juvonen
- Food and Health Research Centre, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kett AP, Bruen CM, O'Halloran F, Chaurin V, Lawlor PG, O'Mahony JA, Giblin L, Fenelon MA. The effect of α- or β-casein addition to waxy maize starch on postprandial levels of glucose, insulin, and incretin hormones in pigs as a model for humans. Food Nutr Res 2012; 56:7989. [PMID: 22509144 PMCID: PMC3327470 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v56i0.7989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Starch is a main source of glucose and energy in the human diet. The extent to which it is digested in the gastrointestinal tract plays a major role in variations in postprandial blood glucose levels. Interactions with other biopolymers, such as dairy proteins, during processing can influence both the duration and extent of this postprandial surge. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the addition of bovine α- or β-casein to waxy maize starch on changes in postprandial blood glucose, insulin, and incretin hormones [glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)] in 30 kg pigs used as an animal model for humans. DESIGN Gelatinised starch, starch gelatinised with α-casein, and starch gelatinised with β-casein were orally administered to trained pigs (n = 8) at a level of 60 g of available carbohydrate. Pre- and postprandial glucose measurements were taken every 15 min for the first hour and every 30 min thereafter up to 180 min. Insulin, GIP, and GLP-1 levels were measured in plasma samples up to 90 min postprandial. RESULTS Starch gelatinised with α-casein had a significantly (p < 0.05) lower peak viscosity on pasting and resulted in significantly lower glucose release at 15, 30, and 90 min postprandial compared to starch gelatinised with β-casein. During the first 45-min postprandial, the area under the glucose curve (AUC) for starch gelatinised with α-casein was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that for starch gelatinised with β-casein. There was also a significant (p < 0.05) difference at T30 in GIP levels in response to the control compared to starch gelatinised with α- or β-casein. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in several free amino acid concentrations were observed on ingestion of either α- or β-casein gelatinised with starch at 30 and 90 min postprandial compared to starch alone. In addition, plasma levels of six individual amino acids were increased on ingestion of starch gelatinised with α-casein compared to ingestion of starch gelatinised with β-casein. CONCLUSION The presence of casein fractions (α- or β-casein) in gelatinised waxy maize starch affects swelling characteristics, viscosity, and subsequent in vivo digestion as determined by glucose levels in blood postprandial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Kett
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alfenas RDCG, Bressan J, Paiva ACD. Effects of protein quality on appetite and energy metabolism in normal weight subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 54:45-51. [PMID: 20414547 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302010000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of consumption of different protein sources on food intake and energy expenditure in normal weight subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Breakfast preparations (casein, soy protein, whey protein or control) were ingested during seven consecutive days. Appetite, food intake, and energy expenditure were assessed. RESULTS Casein consumption led to a lower energy intake than whey protein. There was lower energy intake on day 7 than on day 1 of the casein session. Soy protein preparations resulted in higher diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) than in control preparations. The respiratory quotient (RQ) obtained in the whey protein session was lower than the control and soy protein sessions. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the consumption of different protein types leads to distinct effects on satiety (casein), DIT (soy protein), and/or RQ (whey protein).
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Gastric emptying is determined by food consistency, pH, osmolality, lipid and calorie content as well as the presence of different nutrients in the duodenal lumen. Control of gastric emptying is essential for ensuring optimal digestion. The present study tested the hypothesis that due to its different precipitation properties, gastric emptying of camel's milk may be quicker than that of bovine's milk with the same caloric and fat content. METHODS Gastric emptying was studied by a scintigraphic technique in a randomized, double blind fashion in 8 volunteers after drinking 450 mL of either cow's milk or camel's milk. RESULTS No differences in gastric emptying rates were found between the two types of milk. The percentage of retention of the meal after 60 min was 74.6+/-13.2% for cow's milk and 79.8+/-10.8% for camel's milk. The 50% emptying time (T(1/2)) was 131.8+/-37.4 min for cow's milk and 136.8+/-55.8 min for camel's milk. CONCLUSIONS Camel's milk is most probably not a useful substitute for other types of milk to shorten gastric emptying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nachum Vaisman
- The Clinical Nutrition Unit, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6 Weisman Street, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|