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Shen YW, Zhao CX, Zhao H, Dong SF, Xie JJ, Lv ML, Yuan CG. Decryption analysis of antimony pollution sources in PM 2.5 through a multi-source isotope mixing model based on lead isotopes. Environ Pollut 2023; 328:121600. [PMID: 37068649 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) in PM2.5 has attracted close attention as a new air pollutant due to its extensive use in daily life. The identification of antimony sources in PM2.5 by scientific methods is important to control its pollution. In this study, the Sb and other elements concentrations and Pb isotopic compositions in PM2.5 and possible pollution sources (soil, road dust, traffic emission, coal-fired fly ash, local factory emission dust and cement dust) were analyzed. The results showed that the Sb in the PM2.5 samples had seasonal change. The enrichment factors of Sb in PM2.5 samples were all above 100 in four seasons, which indicated anthropogenic pollution. The average value of potential ecological risk index was at extremely high-risk level greater than 320. Based on Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical cluster analysis results, the pollution sources of antimony and lead in PM2.5 samples were highly consistent which means that Pb isotopes might be a new and feasible tracer for Sb pollution in air. The sources analysis results based on Pb isotopes indicated that the proportion of Pb and Sb from coal-fired fly ash was the highest in winter (47.7%) and inclined to road dust in spring (34.5%), but it was mainly from traffic emissions in summer and autumn (34.2% and 32.8%). This study showed that Pb isotope tracing can be applied to predict the potential pollution sources, and it was also a feasible substitute for tracing Sb pollution in PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Shen
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Chang-Xian Zhao
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Shuo-Fei Dong
- Agilent Technologies Co. Ltd (China), Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Xie
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Mei-Ling Lv
- Agilent Technologies Co. Ltd (China), Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Chun-Gang Yuan
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071000, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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He S, Zhou Y, Yu P, Xia X, Yang H. Effects and mechanism of the conditions of sintering on heavy metal leaching characteristic in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:84886-84902. [PMID: 35789466 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash treated with toxicity metals holds enormous potential for constructure use to economize on resources and protect environment. To reach the goal, this study investigated the effects of sintering conditions on leaching characteristic of heavy metals for MSWI fly ash, especially Cr, Cr6+, Ag, and Ba, with the orthogonal and Box-Benhnken design experiment, which considered grain size (D50 = 30, 45, and 60 μm), fluxing agent (CaO = 0, 2.5, and 5%), setting temperature (1000, 1050, and 1100 °C), and setting time (120, 180, and 240 min). The mechanism of immobilization for heavy metals was also discussed through the analyses of morphological characterizations, mineral phases, chemical composition, and leaching values of metals. The results indicated that changing grain size and adding fluxing agent of CaO have positive influence on reducing the leaching of heavy metals compared with direct sintering. The leaching values of As, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Hg, Be, Se, and fluoride are not detected after sintering. Ideal sintering condition with desirability of 1.00 was predicted and optimized by the Box-Benhnken response method in grain size of D50 = 30 μm, fluxing agent of CaO = 5%, setting temperature = 1050 °C, and setting time = 180 min, which immobilized Cr, Cr6+, Ag, and Ba lower than the limitation of standards. Actual experiment was consistent with numerical optimization. Furthermore, the model of leaching characteristic for heavy metals in MSWI fly ash was established with the discussion on species distribution of heavy metals to better explain the mechanism during sintering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng He
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Nanning, 530007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitong Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Xia
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
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Xie J, Niu XD, Xie JJ, He KQ, Shi MD, Yu SJ, Yuan CG, Liu JF. Distribution and chemical speciation of arsenic in different sized atmospheric particulate matters. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 108:1-7. [PMID: 34465424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and chemical speciation of arsenic (As) in different sized atmospheric particulate matters (PMs), including total suspended particles (TSP), PM10, and PM2.5, collected from Baoding, China were analyzed. The average total mass concentrations of As in TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 were 31.5, 35.3, and 54.1 µg/g, respectively, with an order of PM2.5 >PM 10 > TSP, revealing that As is prone to accumulate on fine particles. Due to the divergent toxicities of different As species, speciation analysis of As in PMs is further conducted. Most of previous studies mainly focused on inorganic arsenite (iAsIII), inorganic arsenate (iAsV), monomethylarsonate (MMA), and dimethylarsinate (DMA) in PMs, while the identification and sensitive quantification of trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) were rarely reported. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry system was optimized for As speciation including TMAO in PMs. An anion exchange column was used to separate MMA, DMA and iAsV, while a cation exchange column to separate TMAO and iAsIII. Results showed that iAsV was the dominate component in all the samples, corresponding to a portion of 79.2% ± 9.3% of the total extractable species, while iAsIII, TMAO and DMA made up the remaining 21%. Our study demonstrated that iAsIII accounted for about 14.4% ± 11.4% of the total extracted species, with an average concentration of 1.7 ± 1.6 ng/m3. It is worth noting that TMAO was widely present in the samples (84 out of 97 samples), which supported the assumption that TMAO was ubiquitous in atmospheric particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Niu
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Xie
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Kai-Qiang He
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Meng-Dan Shi
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Su-Juan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Chun-Gang Yuan
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071000, China.
| | - Jing-Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Xiao K, Wang Q, Lin Y, Wang W, Lu S, Yonemochi S. Approval Research for Carcinogen Humic-Like Substances (HULIS) Emitted from Residential Coal Combustion in High Lung Cancer Incidence Areas of China. Processes (Basel) 2021; 9:1254. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer is the highest in Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, China. The mechanisms of the high lung incidence remain unclear, necessitating further study. However, the particle size distribution characteristics of HULIS emitted from residential coal combustion (RCC) have not been studied in Xuanwei. In this study, six kinds of residential coal were collected. Size-resolved particles emitted from the coal were sampled by using a burning system, which was simulated according to RCC made in our laboratory. Organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble inorganic ion, water-soluble potentially toxic metals (WSPTMs), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and HULIS-C (referred to as HULIS containing carbon contents) in the different size-segregated particulate matter (PM) samples were determined for health risk assessments by inhalation of PM. In our study, the ratio of HULIS-Cx to WSOCx values in RCC particles were 32.73–63.76% (average 53.85 ± 12.12%) for PM2.0 and 33.91–82.67% (average 57.06 ± 17.32%) for PM2.0~7.0, respectively. The carcinogenic risks of WSPTMs for both children and adults exceeded the acceptable level (1 × 10−6, indicating that we should pay more attention to these WSPTMs). Exploring the HULIS content and particle size distribution of the particulate matter produced by household coal combustion provides a new perspective and evidence for revealing the high incidence of lung cancer in Xuanwei, China.
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Tacu I, Kokalari I, Abollino O, Albrecht C, Malandrino M, Ferretti AM, Schins RPF, Fenoglio I. Mechanistic Insights into the Role of Iron, Copper, and Carbonaceous Component on the Oxidative Potential of Ultrafine Particulate Matter. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:767-779. [PMID: 33651939 PMCID: PMC8034814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Transition
metals play a key role in the pathogenic potential of
urban particulate matter (PM). However, air quality regulations include
exposure limits only for metals having a known toxic potential like
Pb, As, Cd, and Ni, neglecting other transition metals like Fe and
Cu. Fe and Cu are mainly found in the water-soluble fraction of PM.
However, a fraction of the ions may persist strongly bound to the
particles, thus potentially acting as surface reactive sites. The
contribution of surface ions to the oxidative potential (OP) of PM
is likely different from that of free ions since the redox activity
of metals is modulated by their local chemical environment. The aim
of this study was to investigate how Fe and Cu bound to carbonaceous
particles affect the OP and associated toxicity of PM toward epithelial
cells and macrophages. Carbonaceous nanoparticles (CNPs) having well-defined
size were loaded with controlled amounts of Cu and Fe. The effect
of Cu and Fe on the OP of CNPs was evaluated by electronic paramagnetic
resonance (EPR) spectroscopy associated with the spin-trapping technique
and correlated with the ability to induce cytotoxicity (LDH, WST-1),
oxidative stress (Nrf2 translocation), and DNA damage (comet assay)
on lung macrophages (NR8383) and/or epithelial cells (RLE-6TN). The
release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, MCP-1, and CXCL2)
by macrophages and epithelial cells was also investigated. The results
indicate a major contribution of surface Cu to the surface reactivity
of CNPs, while Fe has a minor role. At the same time, Cu increases
the cytotoxicity of CNPs and their ability to induce oxidative stress
and DNA damage. In contrast, surface Fe increases the release of pro-inflammatory
cytokines by macrophages. Overall, these results confirm the role
of Cu and Fe in PM toxicity and suggest that the total metals content
in PM might be a better indicator of pathogenicity than water-soluble
metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Tacu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy.,IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Ida Kokalari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Ornella Abollino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Catrin Albrecht
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Mery Malandrino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ferretti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" SCITEC CNR, Via Fantoli 16/15, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
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