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Akmal H, Ahmad S, Abbasi MH, Jabeen F, Shahzad K. A study on assessing the toxic effects of ethyl paraben on rohu (Labeo rohita) using different biomarkers; hemato-biochemical assays, histology, oxidant and antioxidant activity and genotoxicity. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302691. [PMID: 38709735 PMCID: PMC11073686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Parabens are being used as preservatives due to their antifungal and antimicrobial effects. They are emerging as aquatic pollutants due to their excessive use in many products. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic effect of ethyl paraben (C9H10O3) on the hematobiochemical, histological, oxidative, and anti-oxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic activity; the study also evaluates the potential of ethyl paraben to cause genotoxicity in Rohu Labeo rohita. A number of 15 fish with an average weight of 35.45±1.34g were placed in each group and exposed to ethyl paraben for 21 days. Three different concentrations of ethyl paraben, i.e., T1 (2000μg/L), T2 (4000 μg/L), andT3 (6000 μg/L) on which fish were exposed as compared to the control T0 (0.00 μg/L). Blood was used for hematobiochemical and comet assay. Gills, kidneys, and liver were removed for histological alterations. The results showed a significant rise in all hemato-biochemical parameters such as RBCs, WBCs, PLT count, blood sugar, albumin, globulin, and cholesterol. An increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels directed the hepatocytic damage. Histological alterations in the liver, gills and kidneys of fish were found. Ethylparaben induces oxidative stress by suppressing antioxidant enzyme activity such as SOD, GSH, CAT and POD. Based on the comet assay, DNA damage was also observed in blood cells, resulting in genotoxicity. Findings from the present study indicate that ethyl paraben induces hemato-biochemical alterations, tissue damage, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain Akmal
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Farhat Jabeen
- Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Shahzad
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
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Ghosh A, Payton A, Gallant SC, Rogers KL, Mascenik T, Hickman E, Love CA, Schichlein KD, Smyth TR, Kim YH, Rager JE, Gilmour MI, Randell SH, Jaspers I. Burn Pit Smoke Condensate-Mediated Toxicity in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38652897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Burn pits are a method of open-air waste management that was common during military operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other regions in Southwest Asia. Veterans returning from deployment have reported respiratory symptoms, potentially from exposure to burn pit smoke, yet comprehensive assessment of such exposure on pulmonary health is lacking. We have previously shown that exposure to condensates from burn pit smoke emissions causes inflammation and cytotoxicity in mice. In this study, we explored the effects of burn pit smoke condensates on human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) to understand their impact on cellular targets in the human lung. HAECs were cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) and exposed to burn pit waste smoke condensates (plywood, cardboard, plastic, mixed, and mixed with diesel) generated under smoldering and flaming conditions. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release; toxicity scores (TSs) were quantified for each exposure. Pro-inflammatory cytokine release and modulation of gene expression were examined for cardboard and plastic condensate exposures. Burn pit smoke condensates generated under flaming conditions affected cell viability, with flaming mixed waste and plywood exhibiting the highest toxicity scores. Cardboard and plastic smoke condensates modulated cytokine secretion, with GM-CSF and IL-1β altered in more than one exposure group. Gene expression of detoxifying enzymes (ALDH1A3, ALDH3A1, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, NQO1, etc.), mucins (MUC5AC, MUC5B), and cytokines was affected by several smoke condensates. Particularly, expression of IL6 was elevated following exposure to all burn pit smoke condensates, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon acenaphthene was positively associated with the IL-6 level in the basolateral media of HAECs. These observations demonstrate that exposure to smoke condensates of materials present in burn pits adversely affects HAECs and that aberrant cytokine secretion and altered gene expression profiles following burn pit material smoke exposure could contribute to the development of airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunava Ghosh
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alexis Payton
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (ESE), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Samuel C Gallant
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Keith L Rogers
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, United States
| | - Teresa Mascenik
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Elise Hickman
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (ESE), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, United States
| | - Charlotte A Love
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kevin D Schichlein
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Timothy R Smyth
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Julia E Rager
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (ESE), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, United States
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (ESE), Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7310, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Lee E, Lee KW, Kim MS, Park J, Park Y, Lee JS, Kang HM. An integrated transcriptome-microbiome host relationship associated with paraben toxicity in the brackish water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis. J Hazard Mater 2024; 465:133512. [PMID: 38232552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Parabens, a group of alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, have been found in aquatic systems in particular, leading to concerns about their potential impact on ecosystems. This study investigated the effects of three commonly used parabens, methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), and propylparaben (PrP), on the brackish water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis. The results showed that PrP had the most adverse impact on survival rates, followed by EtP and MeP, while MeP and EtP induced significant adverse effects on reproductive performance. A transcriptome analysis revealed significant differential gene expression patterns in response to paraben exposure, with MeP associated with the most significant effects. MeP and EtP exposure produced greater disruption in the microbiota of D. celebensis than did PrP compared with control groups, and we identified eight key microbiota, including Ruegeria and Roseovarius. Correlation analysis between transcriptome and microbiome data revealed key interactions between specific microbiota and host gene expression. Certain microbial taxa were associated with specific genes (e.g. cuticle related genes) and toxicological pathways, shedding light on the complex molecular response and in vivo toxicity effects of parabens. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying paraben toxicity and highlight the importance of considering the ecological impact of chemical contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euihyeon Lee
- Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, South Korea; KIOST School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Kyun-Woo Lee
- Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, South Korea; KIOST School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, South Korea; KIOST School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Junewoo Park
- Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, South Korea; KIOST School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Yeun Park
- Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, South Korea; KIOST School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kang
- Marine Biotechnology & Bioresource Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, South Korea; KIOST School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
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Lopes J, Marques-da-Silva D, Videira PA, Samhan-Arias AK, Lagoa R. Cardiolipin Membranes Promote Cytochrome c Transformation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their In Vivo Metabolites. Molecules 2024; 29:1129. [PMID: 38474641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The catalytic properties of cytochrome c (Cc) have captured great interest in respect to mitochondrial physiology and apoptosis, and hold potential for novel enzymatic bioremediation systems. Nevertheless, its contribution to the metabolism of environmental toxicants remains unstudied. Human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with impactful diseases, and animal models have unveiled concerning signs of PAHs' toxicity to mitochondria. In this work, a series of eight PAHs with ionization potentials between 7.2 and 8.1 eV were used to challenge the catalytic ability of Cc and to evaluate the effect of vesicles containing cardiolipin mimicking mitochondrial membranes activating the peroxidase activity of Cc. With moderate levels of H2O2 and at pH 7.0, Cc catalyzed the oxidation of toxic PAHs, such as benzo[a]pyrene, anthracene, and benzo[a]anthracene, and the cardiolipin-containing membranes clearly increased the PAH conversions. Our results also demonstrate for the first time that Cc and Cc-cardiolipin complexes efficiently transformed the PAH metabolites 2-hydroxynaphthalene and 1-hydroxypyrene. In comparison to horseradish peroxidase, Cc was shown to reach more potent oxidizing states and react with PAHs with ionization potentials up to 7.70 eV, including pyrene and acenaphthene. Spectral assays indicated that anthracene binds to Cc, and docking simulations proposed possible binding sites positioning anthracene for oxidation. The results give support to the participation of Cc in the metabolism of PAHs, especially in mitochondria, and encourage further investigation of the molecular interaction between PAHs and Cc.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lopes
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), School of Management and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dorinda Marques-da-Silva
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), School of Management and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula A Videira
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Institute for Health and Bioeconomy (i4HB), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alejandro K Samhan-Arias
- Department of Biochemistry, Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research 'Sols-Morreale' (CSIC-UAM), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Lagoa
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), School of Management and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Institute for Health and Bioeconomy (i4HB), NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Lyu L, Tao Y, Abaakil K, Gu Y, Zhong G, Hu Y, Zhang Y. Novel insights into DEHP-induced zebrafish spleen damage: Cellular apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and innate immunity. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169324. [PMID: 38145680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
DEHP (Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is the most abundant phthalate component detected in environmental samples as it is widely used in the manufacturing of children's toys, medical devices and furniture. Due to its wide prevalence and propensity to accumulate in the food chain, significant concerns have risen about the safety profile of DEHP. Here, we used a zebrafish model to investigate the toxicity mechanisms of DEHP. Our results indicated that exposure to DEHP altered the ROS content in zebrafish spleen and inhibited the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT, detoxification enzyme GSH-Px and induced histopathological damage. In addition, elucidated the mechanism of DEHP significantly promoted apoptosis and caused damage in spleen cells through the bax/bcl-2 pathway. Further genetic testing demonstrated significant alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, and fusion-related genes and suggested potential mechanistic pathways, including GM10532/m6A/FIS1 axis, the STAT3/POA1 axis, and the NFR1/TFAM axis. Serological and genomic analysis indicated that DEHP exposure activated the C3 complement cascade immune pathway and interfered with innate immune function. IBRv2 analysis proposes that innate immunity may serve as a signal indicator of early toxic responses to DEHP pollutants. This study provided comprehensive cellular and genetic data for DEHP toxicity studies and emphasized the need for future management and remediation of DEHP contamination. It also provides data to specifically support the health risk assessments of DEHP, as well as contributing to broader health and environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lyu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Street 600, Harbin 150030, PR China; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK.
| | - Yue Tao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Street 600, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Kaoutar Abaakil
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK.
| | - Yanyan Gu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Street 600, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Guanyu Zhong
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Street 600, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Street 600, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Street 600, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Wu Y, Chen T, Xia Y, Wang J, Wang A, Wang B, Wang J, Yao W. Developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity and cardiotoxicity induced by methidathion in early life stages of zebrafish. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 194:105526. [PMID: 37532338 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Methidathion is a highly effective organophosphorus pesticide and is extensively utilized for the control of insects in agricultural production. However, there is little information on the adverse effects and underlying mechanisms of methidathion on aquatic organisms. In this work, embryonic zebrafish were exposed to methidathion at concentrations of 4, 10, and 25 mg/L for 96 h, and morphological changes and activities of antioxidant indicators alterations were detected. In addition, the locomotor behavioral abilities of zebrafish exposed to methidathion were also measured. To further explore the mechanism of the toxic effects of methidathion, gene expression levels associated with cardiac development, cell apoptosis, and the immune system were tested through qPCR assays. The findings revealed that methidathion exposure could induce a decrease in survival rate, hatchability, length of body, and increase in abnormality of zebrafish, as well as cardiac developmental toxicity. The LC50 value of methidathion in zebrafish embryos was determined to be about 30.72 mg/L at 96 hpf. Additionally, methidathion exposure triggered oxidative stress in zebrafish by increasing SOD activity, ROS, and MDA content. Acridine orange (AO) staining indicated that methidathion exposure led to apoptosis, which was mainly distributed in the pericardial region. Furthermore, significant impairments of locomotor activity in zebrafish larvae were induced by methidathion exposure. Lastly, the expression of pro-inflammatory factors including IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL-clc, TLR4, and MYD88 significantly up-regulated in exposed zebrafish. Taken together, the results in this work illustrated that methidathion caused developmental toxicity, cardiotoxicity, and immunotoxicity in embryogenetic zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yumei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anli Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing; Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weixuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China.
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