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Yao Z, Chen L, Hu M, Meng F, Chen M, Wang G. The discovery of a new potent FXR agonist based on natural product screening. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:106979. [PMID: 37995646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
FXR agonistic activity screening was conducted based on natural product resources containing 38 structurally diverse sesquiterpenoids isolated from Xylopia vielana. Among them, 34 undescribed sesquiterpenoids with 5 different skeleton types were first characterized by HRESIMS, NMR data, ECD calculations and X-ray crystallographic analysis. High-content screening for FXR agonistic activity of these compounds demonstrated that 13 compounds could activate FXR. Then molecular docking results suggested that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions might contribute to the main interaction of active compounds with FXR. The preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) of those isolates were also discussed. The most potent compound 27 significantly elevated the transcriptional activity of the FXR target gene BSEP promoter (EC50 = 14.26 μM) by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Western blotting indicated that compound 27 activated the FXR-associated pathway, thereby upregulating SHP and BSEP expression, and downregulating CYP7A1 and NTCP expression. We further revealed that FXR was the target protein of compound 27 through diverse target validation methods, including CETSA, SIP, and DARTS under the intervention of temperature, organic reagents and protease. Pharmacological in vivo experiments showed that compound 27 effectively ameliorated α-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis in mice, as evidenced by the ameliorative histopathology of the liver and the decrease in biochemical markers: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), and total bile acid (TBA). This work showed a practical strategy for the discovery of new FXR agonists from natural products and provided potential insights for sesquiterpenoids as FXR agonist lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwen Yao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fancheng Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guowei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Huo X, Li D, Wu F, Li S, Qiao Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhou C, Sun L, Luan Z, Yan Q, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhao T, An Y, Zhang B, Tian X, Yu Z, Ma X. Cultivated human intestinal fungus Candida metapsilosis M2006B attenuates colitis by secreting acyclic sesquiterpenoids as FXR agonists. Gut 2022; 71:2205-2217. [PMID: 35173042 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysbiosis of the intestinal fungal community has been observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, its potential role in IBD development and prevention remains unclear. Here, we explored the biological effects and molecular mechanisms of intestinal fungi isolated from human faeces on colitis in mice. DESIGN Intestinal fungal strains with differential abundance in IBD were cultivated in human faeces and their effects on various mouse models of experimental colitis were evaluated. In addition, the bioactive metabolites secreted by the target fungus were accurately identified and their pharmacological effects and potential molecular targets were investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The abundance of Candida spp was significantly higher in patients with IBD. After large-scale human intestinal fungal cultivation and functional analysis, Candida metapsilosis M2006B significantly attenuated various models of experimental colitis in wild-type, antibiotic-treated, germ-free, and IL10-/- mice by activating farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Among the seven acyclic sesquiterpenoids (F1-F7) identified as major secondary metabolites of M2006B, F4 and F5 attenuated colitis in mice by acting as novel FXR agonists. The therapeutic effects of M2006B and its metabolites on colitis via specific FXR activation were confirmed in Fxr -/- mice. CONCLUSION This study revealed that C. metapsilosis M2006B significantly attenuated colitis in mice and identified two acyclic sesquiterpenoids (F4 and F5) as major active metabolites of M2006B. Notably, these metabolites were able to effectively treat experimental colitis by selectively activating FXR. Together, this study demonstrates that M2006B could be a beneficial intestinal fungus for treating and preventing IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokui Huo
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Qiao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | | | - Liqun Sun
- Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Zhilin Luan
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiulong Yan
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue An
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Baojing Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China .,Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Zhao Z, Deng ZT, Huang S, Ning M, Feng Y, Shen Y, Zhao QS, Leng Y. Alisol B Alleviates Hepatocyte Lipid Accumulation and Lipotoxicity via Regulating RARα-PPARγ-CD36 Cascade and Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122411. [PMID: 35745142 PMCID: PMC9231195 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common chronic liver disease worldwide, with no effective therapies available. Discovering lead compounds from herb medicine might be a valuable strategy for the treatment of NASH. Here, we discovered Alisol B, a natural compound isolated from Alisma orientalis (Sam.), that attenuated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in high-fat diet plus carbon tetrachloride (DIO+CCl4)-induced and choline-deficient and amino acid-defined (CDA)-diet-induced NASH mice. RNA-seq showed Alisol B significantly suppressed CD36 expression and regulated retinol metabolism in NASH mice. In mouse primary hepatocytes, Alisol B decreased palmitate-induced lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity, which were dependent on CD36 suppression. Further study revealed that Alisol B enhanced the gene expression of RARα with no direct RARα agonistic activity. The upregulation of RARα by Alisol B reduced HNF4α and PPARγ expression and further decreased CD36 expression. This effect was fully abrogated after RARα knockdown, suggesting Alisol B suppressed CD36 via regulating RARα-HNF4α-PPARγ cascade. Moreover, the hepatic gene expression of RARα was obviously decreased in murine NASH models, whereas Alisol B significantly increased RARα expression and decreased CD36 expression, along with the downregulation of HNF4α and PPARγ. Therefore, this study showed the unrecognized therapeutic effects of Alisol B against NASH with a novel mechanism by regulating RARα-PPARγ-CD36 cascade and highlighted Alisol B as a promising lead compound for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Zhen-Tao Deng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Suling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mengmeng Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence: (Q.-S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ying Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (M.N.); (Y.F.); (Y.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.-S.Z.); (Y.L.)
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Salomatina OV, Sen’kova AV, Moralev AD, Savin IA, Komarova NI, Salakhutdinov NF, Zenkova MA, Markov AV. Novel Epoxides of Soloxolone Methyl: An Effect of the Formation of Oxirane Ring and Stereoisomerism on Cytotoxic Profile, Anti-Metastatic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6214. [PMID: 35682893 PMCID: PMC9181525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that epoxide-bearing compounds display pronounced pharmacological activities, and the epoxidation of natural metabolites can be a promising strategy to improve their bioactivity. Here, we report the design, synthesis and evaluation of biological properties of αO-SM and βO-SM, novel epoxides of soloxolone methyl (SM), a cyanoenone-bearing derivative of 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid. We demonstrated that the replacement of a double-bound within the cyanoenone pharmacophore group of SM with α- and β-epoxide moieties did not abrogate the high antitumor and anti-inflammatory potentials of the triterpenoid. It was found that novel SM epoxides induced the death of tumor cells at low micromolar concentrations (IC50(24h) = 0.7–4.1 µM) via the induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, reinforced intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin in B16 melanoma cells, probably by direct interaction with key drug efflux pumps (P-glycoprotein, MRP1, MXR1), and the suppressed pro-metastatic phenotype of B16 cells, effectively inhibiting their metastasis in a murine model. Moreover, αO-SM and βO-SM hampered macrophage functionality in vitro (motility, NO production) and significantly suppressed carrageenan-induced peritonitis in vivo. Furthermore, the effect of the stereoisomerism of SM epoxides on the mentioned bioactivities and toxic profiles of these compounds in vivo were evaluated. Considering the comparable antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects of SM epoxides with SM and reference drugs (dacarbazine, dexamethasone), αO-SM and βO-SM can be considered novel promising antitumor and anti-inflammatory drug candidates.
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She J, Gu T, Pang X, Liu Y, Tang L, Zhou X. Natural Products Targeting Liver X Receptors or Farnesoid X Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:772435. [PMID: 35069197 PMCID: PMC8766425 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a superfamily of transcription factors induced by ligands and also function as integrators of hormonal and nutritional signals. Among NRs, the liver X receptors (LXRs) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) have been of significance as targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome-related diseases. In recent years, natural products targeting LXRs and FXR have received remarkable interests as a valuable source of novel ligands encompassing diverse chemical structures and bioactive properties. This review aims to survey natural products, originating from terrestrial plants and microorganisms, marine organisms, and marine-derived microorganisms, which could influence LXRs and FXR. In the recent two decades (2000-2020), 261 natural products were discovered from natural resources such as LXRs/FXR modulators, 109 agonists and 38 antagonists targeting LXRs, and 72 agonists and 55 antagonists targeting FXR. The docking evaluation of desired natural products targeted LXRs/FXR is finally discussed. This comprehensive overview will provide a reference for future study of novel LXRs and FXR agonists and antagonists to target human diseases, and attract an increasing number of professional scholars majoring in pharmacy and biology with more in-depth discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglian She
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tanwei Gu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Tang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
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6
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Zhao WY, Luan ZL, Sun CP, Zhang BJ, Jin LL, Deng S, Zhang HL, Yu ZL, Wang C, Ma XC. Metabolites isolated from the human intestinal fungus Penicillium oxalicum SL2 and their agonistic effects on PXR and FXR. Phytochemistry 2022; 193:112974. [PMID: 34653908 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal commensal fungi are vital to human health, and their metabolites play a key role in the reciprocal relationship. In the present work, eighteen alkaloids and seven monoterpenoids were isolated from the fermentation of the human intestinal fungus Penicillium oxalicum SL2, including seven undescribed alkaloids (penicilloxalines A-G), three undescribed monoterpenoids (penicilloxalines H-J), and fifteen reported compounds. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, electronic circular dichroism spectra and quantum chemical calculations. Some metabolites displayed moderate agonistic effects against the pregnane X receptor (PXR), whereas (6R)3,7-dimethyl-6,7-dihydroxy-2(Z)-octenoic acid displayed a significant agonistic effect against the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) with an EC50 value of 0.43 μM, which was verified by investigating FXR downstream target genes and proteins, such as small heterodimer partner 1 (SHP1), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and bile salt export pump (BSEP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Zhao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Lin Luan
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Jing Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Jin
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Sa Deng
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Hou-Li Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Long Yu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is an important regulator of bile acid, lipid, amino acid, and glucose homeostasis, hepatic inflammation, regeneration, and fibrosis. FXR has been recognized as a promising drug target for various metabolic diseases such as lipid disorders, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and chronic kidney disease. A large number of FXR ligands have been developed by pharmaceutical companies and academic institutions, and several candidates have progressed into clinical trials in the past decade. However, it is continually a challenge to discover drugs targeting FXR due to side effects associated with long-term administration. In this perspective, we summarize the research progress on medicinal chemistry of FXR modulators from 2018 to the present by discussing the diverse structures of synthetic FXR modulators including steroidal and non-steroidal ligands, their structure-activity relationships (SARs), and their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lamees Hegazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Brian N Finck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Bahaa Elgendy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
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Zhang J, Zhao WY, Wang C, Yi J, Yu ZL, Deng S, Zhang HL, Huo XK, Sun CP, Ma XC. Identification, semisynthesis, and anti-inflammatory evaluation of 2,3-seco-clavine-type ergot alkaloids from human intestinal fungus Aspergillus fumigatus CY018. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113731. [PMID: 34352712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal commensal fungi are vital to human health, and their secondary metabolites play a key role in the reciprocal relationship. In the present study, the first example of 2,3-seco ergot alkaloids belonging to clavine-type were isolated from the fermentation of human intestinal fungus Aspergillus fumigatus CY018, including two pairs of diastereoisomers, secofumigaclavines A (3) and B (4) and secofumigaclavines C (5) and D (6), one analogue features a highly unsaturated skeleton, secofumigaclavine E (7), along with two known ones, fumigaclavines C (1) and D (2). Their structures were identified based on extensive spectroscopic data in a combination of quantum chemical calculations. Moreover, a single-step operation of semi-synthetic reaction based on riboflavin (RF)-dependent photocatalysis was performed to obtain the novel 2,3-seco ergot alkaloids 3 and 5 from their biosynthetic precursors 1 and 2. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. Among them, secofumigaclavine B (4) could bind to MD2 with a low micromole level of the equilibrium dissociation constant measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and suppress TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells, resulting in its anti-inflammatory effect. Molecular dynamics revealed that amino acid residue Tyr131 played a key role in the interaction of secofumigaclavine B (4) with MD2. These findings suggested that secofumigaclavine B (4) could be considered as a potential candidate for the development of MD2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Wen-Yu Zhao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhen-Long Yu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sa Deng
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hou-Li Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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Zhao WY, Yan JJ, Zhang M, Wang C, Feng L, Lv X, Huo XK, Sun CP, Chen LX, Ma XC. Natural soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors from Inula britanica and their potential interactions with soluble epoxide hydrolase: Insight from inhibition kinetics and molecular dynamics. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109571. [PMID: 34217688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a potential drug target to treat inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we found that the extract of Inula britanica exhibited significantly inhibitory effects against sEH, therefore, we investigated its phytochemical constituents to obtain seven new compounds together with sixteen known ones (1-20), including two pairs of novel enantiomers, (2S,3S)-britanicafanin A (1a), (2R,3R)-britanicafanin A (1b), (2R,3S)-britanicafanin B (2a), and (2S,3R)-britanicafanin B (2b), and three new lignans britanicafanins C-E (3-5). Their structures were determined by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra as well as quantum chemical computations. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against sEH, compounds 1-3, 5-7, 9, 10, 13, 14, and 17-20 showed significant inhibitory effects against sEH with IC50 values from 3.56 μM to 26.93 μM. The inhibition kinetics results indicated that compounds 9, 10, 13, and 19 were all uncompetitive inhibitors, and their inhibition constants (Ki) values were 7.11, 1.99, 4.06, and 8.78 μM, respectively. Their potential interactions were analyzed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD), which suggested that amino acid residues Asp335 and Asn359, especially Gln384, played an important role in the inhibition of compounds 10 and 13 on sEH, and compounds 10 and 13 could be considered as the potential candidates for the development of sEH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Zhao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Juan-Juan Yan
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xia Lv
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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10
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Zhao WY, Zhang XY, Zhou MR, Tian XG, Lv X, Zhang HL, Deng S, Zhang BJ, Sun CP, Ma XC. Natural soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors from Alisma orientale and their potential mechanism with soluble epoxide hydrolase. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:811-817. [PMID: 33957203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is considered to be an effective treatment for inflammation-related diseases, and small molecules origin from natural products show promising activity against sEH. Two undescribed protostanes, 3β-hydroxy-25-anhydro-alisol F (1) and 3β-hydroxy-alisol G (2) were isolated from Alisma orientale and identified as new sEH inhibitors with IC50 values of 10.06 and 30.45 μM, respectively. Potential lead compound 1 was determined as an uncompetitive inhibitor against sEH, which had a Ki value of 5.13 μM. In-depth molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that amino acid residue Ser374 plays an important role in the inhibition of 1, which also provides an idea for the development of sEH inhibitors based on protostane-type triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Zhao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mei-Rong Zhou
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiang-Ge Tian
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xia Lv
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hou-Li Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sa Deng
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bao-Jing Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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11
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Luan Z, Qiao F, Zhao W, Ming W, Yu Z, Liu J, Dai S, Jiang S, Lian C, Sun C, Zhang B, Zheng J, Ma S, Ma X. Discovery of New Iridoids as Farnesoid X Receptor Agonists from
Morinda officinalis
: Agonistic Potentials and Molecular Stimulation. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Lin Luan
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning 116044 China
| | - Fei Qiao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629 China
| | - Wen‐Yu Zhao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning 116044 China
| | - Wen‐Hua Ming
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning 116044 China
| | - Zhen‐Long Yu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning 116044 China
| | - Jie Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629 China
| | - Sheng‐Yun Dai
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629 China
| | - Shuang‐Hui Jiang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629 China
| | - Chao‐Jie Lian
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629 China
| | - Cheng‐Peng Sun
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning 116044 China
| | - Bao‐Jing Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning 116044 China
| | - Jian Zheng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629 China
| | - Shuang‐Cheng Ma
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning 116044 China
| | - Xiao‐Chi Ma
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian Liaoning 116044 China
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12
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Zhang W, Sun CP, Peng YL, Zhao WY, Wang ZY, Ning J, Lv X, Yu ZL, Zhou S, Peng W, Fang BJ, Ma XC. Isolation and identification of two new sargentodoxosides from Sargentodoxa cuneata and their agonistic effects against FXR. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3665-3672. [PMID: 33538200 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1880405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd. et Wils is a traditional Chinese medicine to treat acute appendicitis, rheumarthritis, abdominal pain, and painful menstruation for a long history. The investigation of S. cuneata led to the isolation and identification of twenty-three secondary metabolites, including two new compounds, sargentodoxosides A (1) and B (2), and twenty-one known ones (3-23). Their structural characterization was conducted by HRESIMS, 1 D and 2 D NMR spectra. All the isolated compounds were assayed for their agonistic activities against the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Nine of the isolated compounds displayed significant agonistic effects against FXR at 0.1 µM, suggesting that they could be served as potential agents for the development of FXR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Emergency, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Lin Peng
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wen-Yu Zhao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zheng-Yue Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Ning
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xia Lv
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhen-Long Yu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Emergency, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Emergency, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bang-Jiang Fang
- Department of Emergency, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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13
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Sun CP, Zhang XY, Morisseau C, Hwang SH, Zhang ZJ, Hammock BD, Ma XC. Discovery of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors from Chemical Synthesis and Natural Products. J Med Chem 2020; 64:184-215. [PMID: 33369424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an α/β hydrolase fold protein and widely distributed in numerous organs including the liver, kidney, and brain. The inhibition of sEH can effectively maintain endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) levels and reduce dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) levels, resulting in therapeutic potentials for cardiovascular, central nervous system, and metabolic diseases. Therefore, since the beginning of this century, the development of sEH inhibitors is a hot research topic. A variety of potent sEH inhibitors have been developed by chemical synthesis or isolated from natural sources. In this review, we mainly summarized the interconnected aspects of sEH with cardiovascular, central nervous system, and metabolic diseases and then focus on representative inhibitors, which would provide some useful guidance for the future development of potential sEH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Peng Sun
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Zhan-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
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14
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Zhang M, He X, Luan Z, Ning J, Tian X, Yu Z, Feng L, Li D, Wang C, Ma X. Unusual terpenoids from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa and their activation on the farnesoid X receptor. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104325. [PMID: 33254425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Evolides A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa and characterized by various spectroscopic data analyses (NMR, HRESIMS, ECD, and X-ray crystallography) and were thought to be new unusual terpenoids possessing lactone groups. An in vitro bioassay showed that compound 1 exhibited a significant activation effect on the farnesoid X receptor (EC50 0.73 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin He
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Luan
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ning
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, and Liaoning Engineering Technology Centre of Target-based Nature Products for Prevention and Treatment of Ageing-related Neurodegeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Lv X, Bai R, Yan JK, Huang HL, Huo XK, Tian XG, Zhao XY, Zhang BJ, Zhao WY, Sun CP. Investigation of the inhibitory effect of protostanes on human carboxylesterase 2 and their interaction: Inhibition kinetics and molecular stimulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:1262-1272. [PMID: 33189757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylesterase 2 (CES 2), plays a pivotal role in endobiotic homeostasis and xenobiotic metabolism. Protostanes, the major constituents of the genus Alisma, display a series of pharmacological activities. Despite the extensive studies of pharmacological activities, the investigation on inhibitory effects of protostanes against CES 2 is rarely reported. In this study, the inhibitory activities of a library of protostanes (1-25) against human CES 2 were investigated for the first time, using 6,8-dichloro-9,9-dimethyl-7-oxo-7,9-dihydroacridin-2-yl benzoate (DDAB) as the specific fluorescent probe for human CES 2. Compounds 1, 2, 7, 8, 12, 13, 18, 19, and 25 showed strong inhibitory effects towards CES 2. For the most potent compounds 1, 7, 13, and 25, the inhibition kinetics were further investigated, and these four protostanes were all uncompetitive inhibitors against human CES 2 with the inhibition constant (Ki) values ranging from 0.89 μM to 2.83 μM. In addition, molecular docking and molecular dynamics stimulation were employed to analyze the potential interactions between these protostanes and CES 2, and amino acid residue Gln422 was identified to play a crucial role in the strong inhibition of protostanes towards CES 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lv
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Rong Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Kun Yan
- Analysis Center of College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Lian Huang
- Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiang-Ge Tian
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bao-Jing Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wen-Yu Zhao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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16
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Feng L, Liu TT, Huo XK, Tian XG, Wang C, Lv X, Ning J, Zhao WY, Zhang BJ, Sun CP, Ma XC. Alisma genus: Phytochemical constituents, biosynthesis, and biological activities. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1872-1886. [PMID: 33184919 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Alisma contains 11 species distributed worldwide, of which at least two species (A. orientale [Sam.] Juzep. and A. plantago-aquatica Linn.) have been used as common herbal medicines. Secondary metabolites obtained from the genus Alisma are considered to be the material basis for the various biological functions and medicinal applications. In this review, we mainly focused on the recent investigations of secondary metabolites from plants of the genus Alisma and their biological activities, with the highlighting on the diversity of the chemical structures, the biosynthesis of interesting secondary metabolites, the biological activities, and the relationships between structures and bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiang-Ge Tian
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xia Lv
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Ning
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wen-Yu Zhao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bao-Jing Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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17
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Luo G, Lin X, Li Z, Xiao M, Li X, Zhang D, Xiang H. Structure-guided modification of isoxazole-type FXR agonists: Identification of a potent and orally bioavailable FXR modulator. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112910. [PMID: 33049605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists are emerging as potential therapeutics for the treatment of various metabolic diseases, as they display multiple effects on bile acid, lipid, and glucose homeostasis. Although the steroidal obeticholic acid, a full FXR agonist, was recently approved, several side effects probably due to insufficient pharmacological selectivity impede its further clinical application. Activating FXR in a partial manner is therefore crucial in the development of novel FXR modulators. Our efforts focusing on isoxazole-type FXR agonists, common nonsteroidal agonists for FXR, led to the discovery a series of novel FXR agonists bearing aryl urea moieties through structural simplification of LJN452 (phase 2). Encouragingly, compound 11k was discovered as a potent FXR agonist which exhibited similar FXR agonism potency but lower maximum efficacy compared to full agonists GW4064 and LJN452 in cell-based FXR transactivation assay. Extensive in vitro evaluation further confirmed partial efficacy of 11k in cellular FXR-dependent gene modulation, and revealed its lipid-reducing activity. More importantly, orally administration of 11k in mice exhibited desirable pharmacokinetic characters resulting in promising in vivo FXR agonistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhenbang Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Maoxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Life and Health Sciences and Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Hua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Yun WJ, Zhang XY, Liu TT, Liang JH, Sun CP, Yan JK, Huo XK, Tian XG, Zhang BJ, Huang HL, Ma XC. The inhibition effect of uncarialin A on voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C: Inhibition potential and molecular stimulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:1022-1030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Gomes AR, Varela CL, Tavares-da-Silva EJ, Roleira FMF. Epoxide containing molecules: A good or a bad drug design approach. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 201:112327. [PMID: 32526552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Functional group modification is one of the main strategies used in drug discovery and development. Despite the controversy of being identified for many years as a biologically hazardous functional group, the introduction of an epoxide function in a structural backbone is still one of the possible modifications being implemented in drug design. In this manner, it is our intention to prove with this work that epoxides can have significant interest in medicinal chemistry, not only as anticancer agents, but also as important drugs for other pathologies. Thus, this revision paper aims to highlight the biological activity and the proposed mechanisms of action of several epoxide-containing molecules either in preclinical studies or in clinical development or even in clinical use. An overview of the chemistry of epoxides is also reported. Some of the conclusions are that effectively most of the epoxide-containing molecules referred in this work were being studied or are in the market as anticancer drugs. However, some of them in preclinical studies, were also associated with other different activities such as anti-malarial, anti-arthritic, insecticidal, antithrombotic, and selective inhibitory activity of FXIII-A (a transglutaminase). As for the epoxide-containing molecules in clinical trials, some of them are being tested for obesity and schizophrenia. Finally, drugs containing epoxide groups already in the market are mostly used for the treatment of different types of cancer, such as breast cancer and multiple myeloma. Other diseases for which the referred drugs are being used include heart failure, infections and gastrointestinal disturbs. In summary, epoxides can be a suitable option in drug design, particularly in the design of anticancer agents, and deserve to be better explored. However, and despite the promising results, it is imperative to explore the mechanisms of action of these compounds in order to have a better picture of their efficiency and safety.
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He X, Zhao WY, Shao B, Zhang BJ, Liu TT, Sun CP, Huang HL, Wu JR, Liang JH, Ma XC. Natural soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors from Inula helenium and their interactions with soluble epoxide hydrolase. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:S0141-8130(20)33090-7. [PMID: 32360461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is regarded as a promising therapeutic approach to treat inflammation and its related disorders. In present work, we investigated inhibitory effects of forty-nine kinds of traditional Chinese medicines against sEH. Inula helenium showed significant inhibitory effect against sEH, and the extract of I. helenium were isolated to obtain eight compounds, including 4H-tomentosin (1), xanthalongin (2), and linoleic acid (3), 8-hydroxy-9-isobutyryloxy-10(2)-methylbutyrylthymol (4), dehydrocostus lactone (5), alantolactone (6), costunolide (7), and isoalantolactone (8). Among them, 4H-tomentosin (1), xanthalongin (2), and linoleic acid (3) showed significantly inhibitory activities on sEH with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) from 5.88 ± 0.97 μM to 11.63 ± 0.58 μM. The inhibition kinetics suggested that 4H-tomentosin (1) and xanthalongin (2) were mixed-competitive type inhibitors with inhibition constant (Ki) values of 7.02 and 6.57 μM, respectively, and linoleic acid (3) was a competitive type inhibitor with a Ki values of 3.52 μM. The potential interactions of 4H-tomentosin (1), xanthalongin (2), and linoleic acid (3) with sEH were analyzed by molecular docking, which indicated that these bioactive compounds had interactions with key amino acid residues Tyr343, Ile363, Tyr383, and His524.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wen-Yu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Shao
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bao-Jing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Hui-Lian Huang
- Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jia-Rong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hao Liang
- Zhendong Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co. Ltd., Changzhi, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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Sun CP, Zhang J, Zhao WY, Yi J, Yan JK, Wang YL, Morisseau C, Liu ZB, Hammock BD, Ma XC. Protostane-type triterpenoids as natural soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors: Inhibition potentials and molecular dynamics. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103637. [PMID: 32032849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a promising therapeutic approach to treat inflammation and other disorders. In our present investigation on searching for sEH inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicines, we found that Alisma orientale displayed inhibition of sEH. We constructed a small library of protostane-type triterpenoids (1-25) isolated from A. orientale, and screened their inhibitory activities. Alismanin B (1), 11-deoxy-25-anhydro alisol E (4), 11-deoxy alisol B (5), and 25-O-ethyl alisol A (15) displayed concentration-dependently inhibitory activities against sEH with IC50 values from 3.40 ± 0.57 μM to 9.57 ± 0.88 μM. 11-Deoxy-25-anhydro alisol E (4) and 11-deoxy alisol B (5) were defined as mixed-type competitive inhibitors with Ki values of 12.6 and 3.48 μM, respectively, based on the result of inhibition kinetics. The potential interaction mechanism of 11-deoxy alisol B (5) with sEH was analyzed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics, revealing that amino acid residues Trp336 and Tyr466 were vital for its inhibitory activity.
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Fujimori K, Iguchi Y, Yamashita Y, Gohda K, Teno N. Synthesis of Novel Farnesoid X Receptor Agonists and Validation of Their Efficacy in Activating Differentiation of Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Osteoblasts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224155. [PMID: 31744088 PMCID: PMC6891315 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulators of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a bile acid receptor, regulate various biological processes including bile acid metabolism, and are associated with the control of fatty liver and osteoporosis. Thus, the control of FXR activity and development of FXR modulators are critical not only for research, but also for clinical application. In this study, we synthesized novel FXR agonists 1–4 possessing isoxazole and N-substituted benzimidazole moieties, and compared their effects on osteoblast differentiation with the known FXR agonists, chenodeoxycholic acid and a synthetic compound, GW4064. Two (3 and 4) of the four novel FXR agonists 1–4 showed high specificities for FXR. Computer-assisted modeling suggested that the binding of the FXR agonist 3 with ligand binding domain of FXR was similar to GW4064. FXR was expressed in mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like ST2 cells (ST-2 MSCs). The FXR agonists activated the BMP-2-induced differentiation of ST-2 MSCs into osteoblasts and enhanced the expression of RUNX2. Moreover, the potency of the FXR agonist 3 was comparable to GW4064 in promoting osteoblast differentiation of ST-2 MSCs. These results indicate that FXR activation enhanced the BMP-2-induced differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts through activating RUNX2 expression. FXR could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Fujimori
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-690-1215
| | - Yusuke Iguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1, Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan; (Y.I.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yukiko Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1, Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan; (Y.I.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Keigo Gohda
- Computer-aided Molecular Modeling Research Center, Kansai (CAMM-Kansai), 3-32-302, Tsuto-Otsuka, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8241, Japan;
| | - Naoki Teno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1, Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan;
- Faculty of Clinical Nutrition, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1, Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan
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