1
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Gürbüz BB, Gülbakan B, Özgül RK, Yalnızoğlu D, Yılmaz DY, Göçmen R, Koşukcu C, Kandemir N, Acar NV, Salih B, Dursun A. Exploring metabolic alterations in PYCR2 deficiency: Unveiling pathways and clinical presentations of hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 10. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63645. [PMID: 38709052 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Proline-5-carboxylate reductase 2, encoded by PYCR2 gene, is an enzyme that catalyzes the last step of proline synthesis from pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase to proline. PYCR2 gene defect causes hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 10. Up until now, to our knowledge around 38 patients with PYCR2 defect have been reported. Herein, we describe clinical, neuroradiological, biochemical findings, and metabolomic profiling of three new genetically related cases of PYCR2 defects from a large family. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amino acid levels were measured and untargeted metabolomic profiling of plasma and CSF were conducted and evaluated together with the clinical findings in the patients. While plasma and CSF proline levels were found to be totally normal, untargeted metabolomic profiling revealed mild increases of glutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and l-glutamate semialdehyde and marked increases of inosine and xanthine. Our findings and all the previous reports suggest that proline auxotrophy is not the central disease mechanism. Untargeted metabolomics point to mild changes in proline pathway and also in purine/pyrimidine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basri Gülbakan
- Division of Metabolism, Hacettepe University Institute of Child Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rıza Köksal Özgül
- Division of Genetics, Hacettepe University Institute of Child Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Yalnızoğlu
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Yücel Yılmaz
- Division of Genetics, Hacettepe University Institute of Child Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rahşan Göçmen
- Division of Radiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Koşukcu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hacettepe University Institute of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurgün Kandemir
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neşe Vardar Acar
- Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University Institute of Child Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Salih
- Depatment of Chemistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Science, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Dursun
- Division of Pediatric Metabolism, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Stum MG, Tadenev ALD, Seburn KL, Miers KE, Poon PP, McMaster CR, Robinson C, Kane C, Silva KA, Cliften PF, Sundberg JP, Reinholdt LG, John SWM, Burgess RW. Genetic analysis of Pycr1 and Pycr2 in mice. Genetics 2021; 218:6178002. [PMID: 33734376 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The final step in proline biosynthesis is catalyzed by three pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductases, PYCR1, PYCR2, and PYCR3, which convert pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) to proline. Mutations in human PYCR1 and ALDH18A1 (P5C Synthetase) cause Cutis Laxa (CL), whereas mutations in PYCR2 cause hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 10 (HLD10). Here, we investigated the genetics of Pycr1 and Pycr2 in mice. A null allele of Pycr1 did not show integument or CL-related phenotypes. We also studied a novel chemically-induced mutation in Pycr2. Mice with recessive loss-of-function mutations in Pycr2 showed phenotypes consistent with neurological and neuromuscular disorders, including weight loss, kyphosis, and hind-limb clasping. The peripheral nervous system was largely unaffected, with only mild axonal atrophy in peripheral nerves. A severe loss of subcutaneous fat in Pycr2 mutant mice is reminiscent of a CL-like phenotype, but primary features such as elastin abnormalities were not observed. Aged Pycr2 mutant mice had reduced white blood cell counts and altered lipid metabolism, suggesting a generalized metabolic disorder. PYCR1 and -2 have similar enzymatic and cellular activities, and consistent with previous studies, both were localized in the mitochondria in fibroblasts. Both PYCR1 and -2 were able to complement the loss of Pro3, the yeast enzyme that converts P5C to proline, confirming their activity as P5C reductases. In mice, Pycr1; Pycr2 double mutants were sub-viable and unhealthy compared to either single mutant, indicating the genes are largely functionally redundant. Proline levels were not reduced, and precursors were not increased in serum from Pycr2 mutant mice or in lysates from skin fibroblast cultures, but placing Pycr2 mutant mice on a proline-free diet worsened the phenotype. Thus, Pycr1 and -2 have redundant functions in proline biosynthesis, and their loss makes proline a semi-essential amino acid. These findings have implications for understanding the genetics of CL and HLD10, and for modeling these disorders in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pak P Poon
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Carolyn Robinson
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Coleen Kane
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | - Paul F Cliften
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | - Simon W M John
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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3
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Shenoy A, Belugali Nataraj N, Perry G, Loayza Puch F, Nagel R, Marin I, Balint N, Bossel N, Pavlovsky A, Barshack I, Kaufman B, Agami R, Yarden Y, Dadiani M, Geiger T. Proteomic patterns associated with response to breast cancer neoadjuvant treatment. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9443. [PMID: 32960509 PMCID: PMC7507992 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor relapse as a consequence of chemotherapy resistance is a major clinical challenge in advanced stage breast tumors. To identify processes associated with poor clinical outcome, we took a mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach and analyzed a breast cancer cohort of 113 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. Proteomic profiling of matched tumors before and after chemotherapy, and tumor-adjacent normal tissue, all from the same patients, allowed us to define eight patterns of protein level changes, two of which correlate to better chemotherapy response. Supervised analysis identified two proteins of proline biosynthesis pathway, PYCR1 and ALDH18A1, that were significantly associated with resistance to treatment based on pattern dominance. Weighted gene correlation network analysis of post-treatment samples revealed that these proteins are associated with tumor relapse and affect patient survival. Functional analysis showed that knockdown of PYCR1 reduced invasion and migration capabilities of breast cancer cell lines. PYCR1 knockout significantly reduced tumor burden and increased drug sensitivity of orthotopically injected ER-positive tumor in vivo, thus emphasizing the role of PYCR1 in resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Shenoy
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | | | - Gili Perry
- Sheba Medical CenterCancer Research CenterTel‐HashomerIsrael
| | | | - Remco Nagel
- Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Irina Marin
- Sheba Medical CenterPathology InstituteTel‐HashomerIsrael
| | - Nora Balint
- Sheba Medical CenterPathology InstituteTel‐HashomerIsrael
| | - Noa Bossel
- Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Anya Pavlovsky
- Sheba Medical CenterPathology InstituteTel‐HashomerIsrael
| | - Iris Barshack
- Sheba Medical CenterPathology InstituteTel‐HashomerIsrael
| | - Bella Kaufman
- Sheba Medical CenterOncology InstituteTel‐HashomerIsrael
| | - Reuven Agami
- Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamNetherlands
| | | | - Maya Dadiani
- Sheba Medical CenterCancer Research CenterTel‐HashomerIsrael
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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4
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Yıldız Bölükbaşı E, Shabbir RMK, Malik S, Tolun A. Homozygous deletion of MYADML2 in cranial asymmetry, reduced bone maturation, multiple dislocations, lumbar lordosis, and prominent clavicles. J Hum Genet 2020; 66:171-179. [PMID: 32778762 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-0817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A null mutation in a patient can facilitate phenotype assignment and uncovers the function of that specific gene. We present five sibs of a consanguineous Pakistani family afflicted with a new syndrome with an unusual combination of skeletal anomalies including cranial asymmetry, fused sagittal sutures deviating from the medial axis, mandibular prognathia, maxillary hypoplasia, misaligned and crowded teeth, delayed bone age, multiple dislocations, hypoplastic and malpositioned patellae, humeral intracondylar fissures, scapular dyskinesis, long limbs, lumbar lordosis, protruding chest, prominent clavicles, short 5th digital rays, and ventral transverse digital creases plus features of cutis laxa. We mapped the disease gene locus to a 3.62-Mb region at 17q25.3 and identified a homozygous deletion of maximal 7.3 kb deduced to totally inactivate MYADML2 and downstream gene PYCR1, biallelic variants in which cause autosomal recessive cutis laxa (ARCL). All five affected sibs had the most common features of ARCL but not many of the less common ones. We attributed the anomalies not typical for ARCL to MYADML2 deficit, because no other genetic defect possibly a candidate to underlie the skeletal phenotype was found. MYADML2 is a gene of unknown function, has not been studied, and has not been associated with disease. Our findings present a possible phenotype for MYADML2 deficit that includes impaired bone patterning and maturation, definitely show that the gene is not essential for survival, and provide a start point for future studies on the function of MYADML2 protein. Detection of new patients is needed to confirm and delineate MYADML2-deficiency phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana Muhammad Kamran Shabbir
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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5
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Huang YW, Chiang MF, Ho CS, Hung PL, Hsu MH, Lee TH, Chu LJ, Liu H, Tang P, Victor Ng W, Lin DS. A Transcriptome Study of Progeroid Neurocutaneous Syndrome Reveals POSTN As a New Element in Proline Metabolic Disorder. Aging Dis 2018; 9:1043-1057. [PMID: 30574417 PMCID: PMC6284769 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process. A study of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) deficiency, which causes a progeroid syndrome, may not only shed light on its genetic contribution to autosomal recessive cutis laxa (ARCL) but also help elucidate the functional mechanisms associated with aging. In this study, we used RNA-Seq technology to examine gene expression changes in primary skin fibroblasts from healthy controls and patients with PYCR1 mutations. Approximately 22 and 32 candidate genes were found to be up- and downregulated, respectively, in fibroblasts from patients. Among the downregulated candidates in fibroblasts with PYCR1 mutations, a strong reduction in the expression of 17 genes (53.1%) which protein products are localized in the extracellular space was detected. These proteins included several important ECM components, periostin (POSTN), elastin (ELN), and decorin (DCN); genetic mutations in these proteins are associated with different phenotypes of aging, such as cutis laxa and joint and dermal manifestations. The differential expression of ten selected extracellular space genes was further validated using quantitative RT-PCR. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that some of the affected genes may be associated with cardiovascular system development and function, dermatological diseases and conditions, and cardiovascular disease. POSTN, one of the most downregulated gene candidates in affected individuals, is a matricellular protein with pivotal functions in heart valvulogenesis, skin wound healing, and brain development. Perturbation of PYCR1 expression revealed that it is positively correlated with the POSTN levels. Taken together, POSTN might be one of the key molecules that deserves further investigation for its role in this progeroid neurocutaneous syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology in Medicine and Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Fu Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Sheng Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pi-Lien Hung
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Lichieh Julie Chu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsuan Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Petrus Tang
- Molecular Regulation and Bioinformatics Laboratory and Department of Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Wailap Victor Ng
- Institute of Biotechnology in Medicine and Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Dar-Shong Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Kariminejad A, Afroozan F, Bozorgmehr B, Ghanadan A, Akbaroghli S, Khorram Khorshid HR, Mojahedi F, Setoodeh A, Loh A, Tan YX, Escande-Beillard N, Malfait F, Reversade B, Gardeitchik T, Morava E. Discriminative Features in Three Autosomal Recessive Cutis Laxa Syndromes: Cutis Laxa IIA, Cutis Laxa IIB, and Geroderma Osteoplastica. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E635. [PMID: 28294978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutis laxa is a heterogeneous condition characterized by redundant, sagging, inelastic, and wrinkled skin. The inherited forms of this disease are rare and can have autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked inheritance. Three of the autosomal recessive cutis laxa syndromes, namely cutis laxa IIA (ARCL2A), cutis laxa IIB (ARCL2B), and geroderma osteodysplastica (GO), have very similar clinical features, complicating accurate diagnosis. Individuals with these conditions often present with cutis laxa, progeroid features, and hyperextensible joints. These conditions also share additional features, such as short stature, hypotonia, and congenital hip dislocation, but the severity and frequency of these findings are variable in each of these cutis laxa syndromes. The characteristic features for ARCL2A are abnormal isoelectric focusing and facial features, including downslanting palpebral fissures and a long philtrum. Rather, the clinical phenotype of ARCL2B includes severe wrinkling of the dorsum of the hands and feet, wormian bones, athetoid movements, lipodystrophy, cataract and corneal clouding, a thin triangular face, and a pinched nose. Normal cognition and osteopenia leading to pathological fractures, maxillary hypoplasia, and oblique furrowing from the outer canthus to the lateral border of the supraorbital ridge are discriminative features for GO. Here we present 10 Iranian patients who were initially diagnosed clinically using the respective features of each cutis laxa syndrome. Each patient’s clinical diagnosis was then confirmed with molecular investigation of the responsible gene. Review of the clinical features from the cases reported from the literature also supports our conclusions.
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7
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Zeng T, Zhu L, Liao M, Zhuo W, Yang S, Wu W, Wang D. Knockdown of PYCR1 inhibits cell proliferation and colony formation via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer. Med Oncol 2017; 34:27. [PMID: 28078560 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) is an enzyme involved in cell metabolism, which has been shown to be up-regulated in cancers. However, the functions of PYCR1 in prostate cancers (PCa) are still largely unknown. In the present study, we found that PYCR1 was highly expressed in prostate cancer tissues and then knocked down PYCR1 in PCa cell lines (DU145, PC-3 and LNCap) via lentivirus-mediated gene delivery and analyzed its biological function. Both qRT-PCR and western blotting indicated that PYCR1 was suppressed efficiently after sh-PYCR1 infection. Further analysis indicated knockdown of PYCR1 significantly inhibited PCa cell growth and colony formation ability. The inhibition effects on growth were likely due to G2/M-phase arrest and enhanced cell apoptosis, as determined by flow cytometer analysis. At last, we verified the expression levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins, including CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 and Cyclin B1 were all downregulated and cell apoptotic-related proteins, including cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP were increased in PCa cells after PYCR1 knockdown. Furthermore, PYCR1 has been shown not to be directly regulated by androgen receptor (AR) levels. These results show the functions of PYCR1 in PCa tumorigenesis for the first time and suggest that PYCR1 might be a good potential therapy approach for treating PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyue Zeng
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.156, Xi'erhuan North Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Libing Zhu
- Department of Urology, Lushan Sanatorium of the PLA, Lushan, 332000, China
| | - Min Liao
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.156, Xi'erhuan North Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Wenli Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.156, Xi'erhuan North Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Shunliang Yang
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.156, Xi'erhuan North Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Weizhen Wu
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.156, Xi'erhuan North Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Urology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No.156, Xi'erhuan North Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
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8
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Meng L, Donti T, Xia F, Niu Z, Al Shamsi A, Hertecant J, Al-Jasmi F, Gibson JB, Nagakura H, Zhang J, He W, Eng C, Yang Y, Elsea SH. Homozygous variants in pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 (PYCR2) in patients with progressive microcephaly and hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 173:460-470. [PMID: 27860360 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2, encoded by PYCR2, is one of the three homologous enzymes that catalyze the last step of proline synthesis. Homozygous variants in PYCR2 have been reported in patients from multiple consanguineous families with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 10 (HLD10) (MIM: 616420). Here, we report five additional patients from three families with homozygous nonsense or missense variants in PYCR2, identified through clinical exome sequencing. All patients presented with postnatally acquired microcephaly, moderate to profound global developmental delay, and failure to thrive. Brain MRI in these patients showed thin corpus callosum, delayed myelination, and generalized white-matter volume loss. Additional phenotypes that were less consistent among patients included seizures or seizure-like movements, spasticity and ataxic gait, recurrent vomiting, cortical blindness, dysmorphic features, joint contractures, and irritability. Exome sequencing identified homozygous variants in PYCR2 in the proband from each family: c.28C>T (p.(Glu10Ter)), c.796C>T (p.(Arg266Ter)), and c.577G>A (p.(Val193Met)). Subsequent targeted analyses demonstrated co-segregation of the disease with the variant in the family. Despite the metabolic role of PYCR2, routine serum metabolic test in these patients were normal. To further understand the disease etiology and functions of PYCR2, small molecule metabolomics profiling was performed in plasma from three severely affected patients. No significant changes were identified in proline biosynthesis pathway or related metabolites. Studying the clinical features and the metabolic profiles of the PYCR2-deficient patients provides a more comprehensive picture for this newly identified disorder and facilitates further research on the gene function and disease etiology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Meng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas
| | - Taraka Donti
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiyv Niu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Jozef Hertecant
- Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Al-Jasmi
- Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Heath Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | | | - Christine Eng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah H Elsea
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas
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9
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Handley MT, Mégarbané A, Meynert AM, Brown S, Freyer E, Taylor MS, Jackson IJ, Aligianis IA. Loss of ALDH18A1 function is associated with a cellular lipid droplet phenotype suggesting a link between autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 3A and Warburg Micro syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2014; 2:319-25. [PMID: 25077174 PMCID: PMC4113272 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 3A is caused by mutations in ALDH18A1, a gene encoding the mitochondrial enzyme Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS). It is a rare disorder with only six pathogenic mutations and 10 affected individuals from five families previously described in the literature. Here we report the identification of novel compound heterozygous missense mutations in two affected siblings from a Lebanese family by whole-exome sequencing. The mutations alter a conserved C-terminal domain of the encoded protein and reduce protein stability as determined through Western blot analysis of patient fibroblasts. Patient fibroblasts exhibit a lipid droplet phenotype similar to that recently reported in Warburg Micro syndrome, a disorder with similar features but hitherto unrelated cellular etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Handley
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - André Mégarbané
- Institut Médical Jérôme Lejeune et Fondation Jérome Lejeune Paris, France ; Unité de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint-Joseph Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alison M Meynert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen Brown
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elisabeth Freyer
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin S Taylor
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Jackson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Irene A Aligianis
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
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10
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Dimopoulou A, Fischer B, Gardeitchik T, Schröter P, Kayserili H, Schlack C, Li Y, Brum JM, Barisic I, Castori M, Spaich C, Fletcher E, Mahayri Z, Bhat M, Girisha KM, Lachlan K, Johnson D, Phadke S, Gupta N, Simandlova M, Kabra M, David A, Nijtmans L, Chitayat D, Tuysuz B, Brancati F, Mundlos S, Van Maldergem L, Morava E, Wollnik B, Kornak U. Genotype-phenotype spectrum of PYCR1-related autosomal recessive cutis laxa. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:352-61. [PMID: 24035636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2B (ARCL2B; OMIM # 612940) is a segmental progeroid disorder caused by mutations in PYCR1 encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, which is part of the conserved proline de novo synthesis pathway. Here we describe 33 patients with PYCR1-related ARCL from 27 families with initial diagnoses varying between wrinkly skin syndrome, gerodermia osteodysplastica, De Barsy syndrome or more severe progeria syndromes. Given the difficult differential diagnosis of ARCL syndromes we performed a systematic comparison of clinical features of PYCR1-related ARCL. Intrauterine growth retardation, a characteristic triangular facial gestalt, psychomotor retardation, and hypotonia were the most relevant distinctive hallmarks of ARCL due to proline de novo synthesis defects. Corneal clouding or cataracts, athetoid movements, and finger contractures were rather rare features, but had a high predictive value. In our cohort we identified 20 different PYCR1 mutations of which seven were novel. Most of the mutations accumulated in exons 4 to 6. Missense alterations of highly conserved residues were most frequent followed by splice site changes and a single nonsense mutation. Analysis of genotype-phenotype correlation revealed that patients with mutations in the first two exons had lower average clinical scores and absent or only mild intellectual disability. Structural analyses predicted interference with PYCR1 multimerization for a subset of missense mutations. These findings have implications for the clinics as well as the pathomechanism of PYCR1-related ARCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Dimopoulou
- Institut fuer Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
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