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Tüysüz B, Kasap B, Sarıtaş M, Alkaya DU, Bozlak S, Kıykım A, Durmaz A, Yıldırım T, Akpınar E, Apak H, Vural M. Natural history and genetic spectrum of the Turkish metaphyseal dysplasia cohort, including rare types caused by biallelic COL10A1, COL2A1, and LBR variants. Bone 2023; 167:116614. [PMID: 36400164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metaphyseal chondrodysplasias are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by short and bowed long bones and metaphyseal abnormality. The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic etiology and prognostic findings in patients with metaphyseal dysplasia. METHODS Twenty-four Turkish patients were included in this study and 13 of them were followed for 2-21 years. COL10A1, RMRP sequencing and whole exome sequencing were performed. RESULTS Results: Seven heterozygous pathogenic variants in COL10A1 were detected in 17 patients with Schmid type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia(MCDS). The phenotype was more severe in patients with heterozygous missense variants (one in signal peptide domain at the N-terminus of the protein, the other, class-1 group mutation at NC1 domain) compared to the patients with truncating variants. Short stature and coxa vara deformity appeared after 3 and 5 years of age, respectively, while large femoral head resolved after the age of 13 years in MCDS group. Interestingly, one patient with severe phenotype also had a biallelic missense variant in NC1 domain of COL10A1. Three patients with biallelic mutations in RMRP had prenatal onset short stature with short limb, and typical findings of cartilage hair hypoplasia (CHH). While immunodeficiency or recurrent infections were not observed, resistant congenital anemia was detected in one. Biallelic mutation in LBR was described in a patient with prenatal onset short stature, short and curved limb and metaphyseal abnormalities. Unlike previously reported patients, this patient had ectodermal findings, similar to CHH. A biallelic COL2A1 mutation was also found in the patient with lower limb deformities and metaphyseal involvement without vertebral and epiphyseal changes. CONCLUSION Long-term clinical characteristics are presented in a metaphyseal dysplasia cohort, including rare types caused by biallelic COL10A1, COL2A1, and LBR variants. We also point out that the domains where mutations on COL10A1 take place are important in the genotype-phenotype relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Büşra Kasap
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Sarıtaş
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Uludağ Alkaya
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Bozlak
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayça Kıykım
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asude Durmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Timur Yıldırım
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evren Akpınar
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Apak
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Vural
- Department of Neonatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wu H, Wang S, Li G, Yao Y, Wang N, Sun X, Fang L, Jiang X, Zhao J, Wang Y, Xu C. Characterization of a novel COL10A1 variant associated with Schmid-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and a literature review. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1668. [PMID: 33764685 PMCID: PMC8172203 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schmid‐type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (SMCD) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia caused by heterozygous mutations in COL10A1, the gene which encodes collagen type X alpha 1 chain. However, its genotype–phenotype relationship has not been fully determined. Subjects and Methods The proband is a 2‐year‐old boy, born of non‐consanguineous Chinese parents. We conducted a systematic analysis of the clinical and radiological characteristics and a follow‐up study of the proband. Whole‐exome sequencing was applied for the genetic analysis, together with bioinformatic analysis of predicted consequences of the identified variant. A homotrimer model was built to visualize the affected region and predict possible outcomes of this variant. Furthermore, a literature review and genotype–phenotype analysis were performed by online searching all cases with SMCD. Results A novel heterozygous variant (NM_000493.4: c.1863_1866delAATG, NP_000484.2: p.(Met622 Thrfs*54)) was identified in COL10A1 gene in the affected child. And it was predicted to be pathogenic by in silico analysis. Protein modeling revealed that the variant was located in the NC1 domain, which was predicted to produce truncated collagen and impair the trimerization of collagen type X alpha 1 chain and combination with molecules in the matrix. Moreover, genotype–phenotype correlation analysis demonstrated that patients with truncating variants or variants in NC1 domain often presented earlier onset and severer symptoms compared with those with non‐truncating or variants in non‐NC1 domains. Conclusion The NC1 domain of COL10A1 was proved to be the hotspot region underlying SMCD, patients with variants in NC1 domain were more likely to present severer manifestations at an earlier age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixiao Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, China
| | - Shuping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dongying people's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Guimei Li
- Department of Pediatric, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yangyang Yao
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Sun
- Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, China
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuyun Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, China
| | - Yanzhou Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, China
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Ahmed M, Nasir S, Riaz Hashmi SS, Iqbal Z, Saleem A. A Novel Presentation of Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia, Schmid Type with Factor VII Deficiency. Cureus 2020; 12:e7371. [PMID: 32328382 PMCID: PMC7176329 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Schmid type (MDSC) is a rare inherited autosomal disorder with characteristic skeletal deformities striking on radiological imaging, which includes metaphyseal cupping and fraying. Physical examination reveals short stature in early childhood, frontoparietal bossing, rachitic rosary, genu varum and valgum, and coxa vara usually. We believe that the constellation of clinical and radiographic findings of MDSC might look similar to vitamin D resistant rickets; hence, genetic analysis is needed to overcome diagnostic challenges faced by physicians to avoid unnecessary vitamin D supplementation in individuals. We report the first case of MDSC with a coexisting factor VII deficiency in an eight-year-old boy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmed
- Pediatrics, Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Saad Nasir
- Internal Medicine, United Medical and Dental College, Creek General Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Zia Iqbal
- Pediatrics, Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Ayesha Saleem
- Pediatrics, Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
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Kong L, Shi L, Wang W, Zuo R, Wang M, Kang Q. Identification of two novel COL10A1 heterozygous mutations in two Chinese pedigrees with Schmid-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia. BMC Med Genet 2019; 20:200. [PMID: 31856751 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Schmid-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (MCDS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by COL10A1 mutations, which is characterized by short stature, waddling gait, coxa vara and bowing of the long bones. However, descriptions of the expressivity of MCDS are rare. Methods Two probands and available family members affected with MCDS were subjected to clinical and radiological examination. Genomic DNA of all affected individuals was subjected to whole-exome sequencing, and candidate mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing in all available family members and in 250 healthy donors. A spatial model of the type X collagen (α1) C-terminal noncollagenous (NC1) domain was further constructed. Results We found that the phenotype of affected family members exhibited incomplete dominance. Mutation analysis indicated that there were two novel heterozygous missense mutations, [c.1765 T > A (p.Phe589Ile)] and [c.1846A > G (p.Lys616Glu)] in the COL10A1 gene in family 1 and 2, respectively. The two novel substitution sites were highly conserved and the mutations were predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Furthermore, protein modeling revealed that the two substitutions were located in the NC1 domain of collagen X (α1), which potentially impacted the trimerization of collagen X (α1) and combination with molecules in the pericellular matrix. Conclusion Two novel mutations were identified in the present study, which will facilitate diagnosis of MCDS and further expand the spectrum of the COL10A1 mutations associated with MCDS patients. In addition, our research revealed the phenomenon of incomplete dominance in MCDS.
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Chen Q, Wu SN, Chen YX, C SK, Zhang L, Wei HY, Kumar SA. A novel missense COL10A1 mutation: c.2020G>A; p. Gly674Arg linked with the bowed legs stature in the Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia-affected Chinese lineage. Bone Rep 2019; 12:100240. [PMID: 31921940 PMCID: PMC6950639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the clinical-phenotypic characteristics of Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (SMCD) inflicted by a novel missense mutation of COL10A1 gene: c.2020G > A; p.Gly674Arg. A female child aged about 3 yrs. and 8 months was subjected to Radiograph test to validate the symptoms of SMCD. The polymorphism analysis by the next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed using the peripheral blood DNA samples of the patient and other family inmates, including, the younger male sibling. The effect of the mutation on the non-collagenous carboxyl-terminal (NC1) domain of collagen X was studied using the SWISS-MODEL online server for trimer modelling; PROSA and PROCHECK-Ramachandran plot for structural validation; Mean Square Plot (RMSF) for structural rigidity. Radiograph examination of lower limbs confirmed the bowed legs in both the patient and her younger brother (study groups). The inheritance of the novel missense mutation of COL10A1: c.2020G > A; p.Gly674Arg (at chromosome-6q22.1) was confirmed in the study groups from the SMCD-affected mother. The extended interactions of the mutant-Arg674 with the Ser552 and Phe589 (β strand B) in the NC1 domain of α1(X) chain monomer is more likely to intervene its trimer formation by weakening the structural rigidity of the crucial strand H compared to its wild type. This plausibly deters the collagen X synthesis inflicting the bowed legs with the altered distal ulna bone morphology in the study groups. The inheritance of COL10A1 mutation: c.2020G > A; p.Gly674Arg has inflicted the SMCD with the characteristic bowed legs in the study groups. Radiograph and NGS could be a valid diagnostic module to initiate the treatment of SMCD. A novel missense COL10A1 mutation (c.2020G>A; p.Gly674Arg) of NC1 domain of collagen X preceding Schmid Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia. COL10A1 mutation (p.Gly674Arg) and the disturbed trimer structure of α1(X) chain monomer of collagen X. COL10A1 mutation (p.Gly674Arg) and the reduced rigidity of α1(X) chain monomer of collagen X. The mutated NC1 domain of collagen X structure and the bowed legs stature. Cupping and fraying of the distal ulna bone regulated by the weakened rigidity of the α1(X) chain monomer of collagen X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Henan provincial key laboratory of children's genetics and metabolic diseases, Henan children's hospital (Children's hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University), No-33, Longhu Waihuan East road, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Henan provincial key laboratory of children's genetics and metabolic diseases, Henan children's hospital (Children's hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University), No-33, Longhu Waihuan East road, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Yong-Xing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Henan provincial key laboratory of children's genetics and metabolic diseases, Henan children's hospital (Children's hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University), No-33, Longhu Waihuan East road, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Selvaa Kumar C
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed to be University, Sector-15, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400614, India
| | - Lu Zhang
- Shanghai We-Health Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Henan provincial key laboratory of children's genetics and metabolic diseases, Henan children's hospital (Children's hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University), No-33, Longhu Waihuan East road, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Senthil Arun Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Henan provincial key laboratory of children's genetics and metabolic diseases, Henan children's hospital (Children's hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University), No-33, Longhu Waihuan East road, Zhengzhou 450018, China
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Cammarata-Scalisi F, Matysiak U, Velten T, Callea M, Araque D, Willoughby CE, Galeotti A, Avendaño A. A Venezuelan Case of Schmid-Type Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia with a Novel Mutation in COL10A1. Mol Syndromol 2019; 10:167-170. [PMID: 31191206 DOI: 10.1159/000496553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Schmid-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (MIM 156500) is an uncommon autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia caused by heterozygous mutations in the COL10A1 gene (MIM 120110) encoding the α1(X) chains of type X collagen. We report an 8-year-old girl with waddling gait, short stature, mild dorsal scoliosis, coxa vara, short lower limbs, bowing of the femurs, genu varum, and metaphyseal fraying and splaying, who is a carrier of a novel heterozygous 2-bp (c.1894_1895dupTA; p.Leu633Thrfs*45) duplication in exon 3 of the COL10A1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Cammarata-Scalisi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Uta Matysiak
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Velten
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michele Callea
- Unit of Dentistry, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Dianora Araque
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Colin E Willoughby
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Angela Galeotti
- Unit of Dentistry, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Avendaño
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
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Ain NU, Makitie O, Naz S. Autosomal recessive chondrodysplasia with severe short stature caused by a biallelic COL10A1 variant. J Med Genet 2017; 55:403-407. [PMID: 28830906 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterozygous mutations in COL10A1 underlie metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Schmid type (MCDS), an autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia. OBJECTIVE To identify the causative variant in a large consanguineous Pakistani family with severe skeletal dysplasia and marked lower limb deformity. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was completed followed by Sanger sequencing to verify segregation of the identified variants. In silico variant pathogenicity predictions and amino acid conservation analyses were performed. RESULTS A homozygous c.133 C>T (p.Pro45Ser) variant was identified in COL10A1 in all six severely affected individuals (adult heights 119-130 cm, mean ~-6.33 SD). The individuals heterozygous for the variant had mild phenotype of short stature (adult heights 140-162 cm, mean ~-2.15 SD) but no apparent skeletal deformities. The variant was predicted to be pathogenic by in silico prediction tools and was absent from public databases and hundred control chromosomes. Pro45 is conserved in orthologues and is located in the non-collagenous 2 domain of COL10A1, variants of which have never been associated with skeletal dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS This first report of individuals with a homozygous variant in COL10A1 defines a new type of autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia. The observations in COL10A1 variant carriers suggest a phenotypic overlap between the mildest forms of MCDS and idiopathic short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ul Ain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Outi Makitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sadaf Naz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Wang B, He L, Miao W, Wu G, Jiang H, Wu Y, Qu J, Li M. Identification of key genes associated with Schmid-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia based on microarray data. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1428-1436. [PMID: 28440393 PMCID: PMC5428963 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to gain a better understanding of the molecular circuitry of Schmid-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (SMCD), and to identify more potential genes associated with the pathogenesis of SMCD. Microarray data from GSE72261 were downloaded from the NCBI GEO database, including collagen X p.Asn617Lys knock-in mutation (ColXN617K), ablated XBP1 activity (Xbp1CartΔEx2), compound mutant (C/X), and wild-type (WT) specimens. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in Xbp1 vs. WT, Col vs. WT and CX vs. WT, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis of these DEGs was performed. Transcription factors (TFs) of the overlapping DEGs were identified. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to find modules of DEGs with high correlations, followed by gene function analysis and a protein-protein interaction network construction. In total, 481, 1,530 and 1,214 DEGs were identified in Xbp1 vs. WT, Col vs. WT and CX vs. WT, respectively. These DEGs were enriched in different pathways, such as extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and metabolism-related pathways. A total of 7 TFs were found to regulate 19 common upregulated genes, and 4 TFs were identified to regulate 21 common downregulated genes. Two significant gene co-expression modules were enriched and DEGs in the 2 modules were mainly enriched in different biological processes, such as ribosome biogenesis. Moreover, Kras (downregulated), Col5a1 (upregulated) and Furin (upregulated) were both identified in the regulatory networks and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. On the whole, our findings indicate that the Kras, Col5a1 and Furin genes may play essential roles in the molecular mechanisms of SMCD, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Li He
- Department of Child Health Care, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Wusheng Miao
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Ge Wu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Yongtao Wu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Jining Qu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
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