1
|
Kamińska D, Skrzycki M. Lipid droplets, autophagy, and ER stress as key (survival) pathways during ischemia-reperfusion of transplanted grafts. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:253-279. [PMID: 38178581 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an event concerning any organ under a procedure of transplantation. The early result of ischemia is hypoxia, which causes malfunction of mitochondria and decrease in cellular ATP. This leads to disruption of cellular metabolism. Reperfusion also results in cell damage due to reoxygenation and increased production of reactive oxygen species, and later by induced inflammation. In damaged and hypoxic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway is activated by increased amount of damaged or misfolded proteins, accumulation of free fatty acids and other lipids due to inability of their oxidation (lipotoxicity). ER stress is an adaptive response and a survival pathway, however, its prolonged activity eventually lead to induction of apoptosis. Sustaining cell functionality in stress conditions is a great challenge for transplant surgeons as it is crucial for maintaining a desired level of graft vitality. Pathways counteracting negative consequences of ischemia-reperfusion are autophagy and lipid droplets (LD) metabolism. Autophagy remove damaged organelles and molecules driving them to lysosomes, digested simpler compounds are energy source for the cell. Mitophagy and ER-phagy results in improvement of cell energetic balance and alleviation of ER stress. This is important in sustaining metabolic homeostasis and thus cell survival. LD metabolism is connected with autophagy as LD are degraded by lipophagy, a source of free fatty acids and glycerol-thus autophagy and LD can readily remove lipotoxic compounds in the cell. In conclusion, monitoring and pharmaceutic regulation of those pathways during transplantation procedure might result in increased/improved vitality of transplanted organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kamińska
- Department of Radiotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Michał Skrzycki
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang C, Du HB, Zhao ZA, Zhai JY, Zhang LM, Niu CY, Zhao ZG. Autophagy Is Involved in Stellate Ganglion Block Reversing Posthemorrhagic Shock Mesenteric Lymph-Mediated Vascular Hyporeactivity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:728191. [PMID: 34621184 PMCID: PMC8491623 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.728191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to clarify the role of autophagy in stellate ganglion block (SGB) reversing posthemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PHSML)-mediated vascular hyporeactivity. Methods: Hemorrhagic shock model in conscious rats was employed to observe the effects of SGB (0.2 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine hydrochloride hydrate) and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA; 30 mg/kg) on the vascular reactivity of second-order rat mesenteric arteries in vitro, while the effects of PHSML (1 ml/kg) and autophagy agonist rapamycin (Rapa, 10 mg/kg) on the beneficial effect of SGB were investigated. The cellular viability, contractility, and autophagy-related protein expressions in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were detected following treatments of PHSML, PHSML obtained from the rats that underwent hemorrhagic shock plus SGB (PHSML-SGB), and PHSML plus 3-MA (5 mM), respectively. Results: Hemorrhagic shock significantly decreased the vascular reactivity to gradient norepinephrine (NE), which is reversed by the SGB treatment and 3-MA administration. On the contrary, PHSML intravenous infusion and Rapa administration inhibited the vascular contractile responses in rats that underwent hemorrhagic shock plus SGB treatment. PHSML treatment significantly inhibited the cellular viability and contractility in VSMCs, increased the expressions of LC3-II and Beclin 1, and decreased the expression of p62, along with opposite appearances in these indices following PHSML-SGB treatment. In addition, 3-MA counteracted the adverse roles of PHSML in these indices in VSMCs. Conclusion: SGB inhibits PHSML-mediated vascular hyporeactivity by reducing the excessive autophagy in VSMCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Hui-Bo Du
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhen-Ao Zhao
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention in Hebei, Hebei Medical University & Hebei North University, Shijiazhuang & Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhai
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention in Hebei, Hebei Medical University & Hebei North University, Shijiazhuang & Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Chun-Yu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention in Hebei, Hebei Medical University & Hebei North University, Shijiazhuang & Zhangjiakou, China.,Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zi-Gang Zhao
- Institute of Microcirculation, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Pathophysiology Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention in Hebei, Hebei Medical University & Hebei North University, Shijiazhuang & Zhangjiakou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiao Y, Yim K, Zhang H, Bakker D, Nederlof R, Smeitink JAM, Renkema H, Hollmann MW, Weber NC, Zuurbier CJ. The Redox Modulating Sonlicromanol Active Metabolite KH176m and the Antioxidant MPG Protect Against Short-Duration Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 35:745-758. [PMID: 33914182 PMCID: PMC8266721 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Sonlicromanol is a phase IIB clinical stage compound developed for treatment of mitochondrial diseases. Its active component, KH176m, functions as an antioxidant, directly scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and redox activator, boosting the peroxiredoxin-thioredoxin system. Here, we examined KH176m’s potential to protect against acute cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), compare it with the classic antioxidant N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (MPG), and determine whether protection depends on duration (severity) of ischemia. Methods Isolated C56Bl/6N mouse hearts were Langendorff-perfused and subjected to short (20 min) or long (30 min) ischemia, followed by reperfusion. During perfusion, hearts were treated with saline, 10 μM KH176m, or 1 mM MPG. Cardiac function, cell death (necrosis), and mitochondrial damage (cytochrome c (CytC) release) were evaluated. In additional series, the effect of KH176m treatment on the irreversible oxidative stress marker 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), formed during ischemia only, was determined at 30-min reperfusion. Results During baseline conditions, both drugs reduced cardiac performance, with opposing effects on vascular resistance (increased with KH176m, decreased with MPG). For short ischemia, KH176m robustly reduced all cell death parameters: LDH release (0.2 ± 0.2 vs 0.8 ± 0.5 U/min/GWW), infarct size (15 ± 8 vs 31 ± 20%), and CytC release (168.0 ± 151.9 vs 790.8 ± 453.6 ng/min/GWW). Protection by KH176m was associated with decreased cardiac 4-HNE. MPG only reduced CytC release. Following long ischemia, IRI was doubled, and KH176m and MPG now only reduced LDH release. The reduced protection against long ischemia was associated with the inability to reduce cardiac 4-HNE. Conclusion Protection against cardiac IRI by the antioxidant KH176m is critically dependent on duration of ischemia. The data suggest that with longer ischemia, the capacity of KH176m to reduce cardiac oxidative stress is rate-limiting, irreversible ischemic oxidative damage maximally accumulates, and antioxidant protection is strongly diminished. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10557-021-07189-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Yim
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hong Zhang
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diane Bakker
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Nederlof
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Heinrich- Heine- Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Herma Renkema
- Khondrion, Philips van Leydenlaan 15, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina C Weber
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coert J Zuurbier
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang X, Zhou Y, Liang H, Meng Y, Liu H, Zhou Y, Huang C, An B, Mao H, Liao Z. VDAC1 promotes cardiomyocyte autophagy in anoxia/reoxygenation injury via the PINK1/Parkin pathway. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1448-1458. [PMID: 33675282 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a well-known injury to the myocardium, but the mechanism involved remains elusive. In addition to the well-accepted apoptosis theory, autophagy was recently found to be involved in the process, exerting a dual role as protection in ischemia and detriment in reperfusion. Activation of autophagy is mediated by mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening during reperfusion. In our previous study, we showed that MPTP opening is regulated by VDAC1, a channel protein located in the outer membrane of mitochondria. Thus, upregulation of VDAC1 expression is a possible trigger to cardiomyocyte autophagy via an unclear pathway. Here, we established an anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) model in vitro to simulate the I/R process in vivo. At the end of A/R treatment, VDAC1, Beclin 1, and LC3-II/I were upregulated, and autophagic vacuoles were increased in cardiomyocytes, which showed a connection of VDAC1 and autophagy development. These variations also led to ROS burst, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aggravated apoptosis. Knockdown of VDAC1 by RNAi could alleviate the above-mentioned cellular damages. Additionally, the expression of PINK1 and Parkin was enhanced after A/R injury. Furthermore, Parkin was recruited to mitochondria from the cytosol, which suggested that the PINK1/Parkin autophagic pathway was activated during A/R. Nevertheless, the PINK1/Parkin pathway was effectively inhibited when VDAC1 was knocked-down. Taken together, the A/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury was mediated by VDAC1 upregulation, which led to cell autophagy via the PINK1/Parkin pathway, and finally aggravated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haiyan Liang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haocheng Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunhong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Binyi An
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongli Mao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhangping Liao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xiao X, Liu D, Chen S, Li X, Ge M, Huang W. Sevoflurane preconditioning activates HGF/Met-mediated autophagy to attenuate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Cell Signal 2021; 82:109966. [PMID: 33639217 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sevoflurane (SEV) preconditioning plays a protective effect against liver ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury, while the role of autophagy in SEV-mediated hepatoprotection and the precise mechanism is unclear. In the current study, mice were pretreated with SEV or autophagy inhibitor before liver IR injury. In vitro, primary rat hepatocytes were pretreated with SEV and then exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Liver function was measured by biochemical and histopathological examinations, and markers associated with inflammation, oxidation, apoptosis and autophagy were subsequently measured. We found that SEV preconditioning dramatically reduced hepatic damage, alleviated cell inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice suffering hepatic IR injury, whereas these protective effects were abolished by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. In addition, pretreatment with SEV markedly activated HGF/Met signaling pathway regulation. Besides, pretreatment with an hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) inhibitor or knocking down HGF expression significantly downregulated phosphorylated met (p-met) and autophagy levels, and abolished the protective effects of SEV against hepatic IR or hepatocyte H/R injury. Conversely, HGF overexpression efficiently increased the p-met and autophagy levels and strengthened the protective effects of SEV. These results indicated that sevoflurane preconditioning ameliorates hepatic IR injury by activating HGF/Met-mediated autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Dezhao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Sufang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Mian Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li J, Sun D, Li Y. Novel Findings and Therapeutic Targets on Cardioprotection of Ischemia/ Reperfusion Injury in STEMI. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3726-3739. [PMID: 31692431 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191105103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. A large number of STEMI patients after the infarction gradually develop heart failure due to the infarcted myocardium. Timely reperfusion is essential to salvage ischemic myocardium from the infarction, but the restoration of coronary blood flow in the infarct-related artery itself induces myocardial injury and cardiomyocyte death, known as ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The factors contributing to IRI in STEMI are complex, and microvascular obstruction, inflammation, release of reactive oxygen species, myocardial stunning, and activation of myocardial cell death are involved. Therefore, additional cardioprotection is required to prevent the heart from IRI. Although many mechanical conditioning procedures and pharmacological agents have been identified as effective cardioprotective approaches in animal studies, their translation into the clinical practice has been relatively disappointing due to a variety of reasons. With new emerging data on cardioprotection in STEMI over the past few years, it is mandatory to reevaluate the effectiveness of "old" cardioprotective interventions and highlight the novel therapeutic targets and new treatment strategies of cardioprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Danghui Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li B, Yao X, Luo Y, Niu L, Lin L, Li Y. Inhibition of Autophagy Attenuated Intestinal Injury After Intestinal I/R via mTOR Signaling. J Surg Res 2019; 243:363-370. [PMID: 31277013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a grave condition related to high morbidity and mortality. Autophagy, which can induce a new cell death named type II programmed cell death, has been reported in some intestinal diseases, but little is known in I/R-induced intestinal injury. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of autophagy in intestinal injury induced by I/R and its potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats pretreated with rapamycin or 3-methyladenine had intestinal I/R injury. After reperfusion, intestinal injury was measured by Chiu's score, intestinal mucosal wet-to-dry ratio, and lactic acid level. Intestinal mucosal oxidative stress level was measured by malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase. Autophagosome, LC3, and p62 were detected to evaluate autophagy level. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was detected to explore potential mechanism. RESULTS Chiu's score, intestinal mucosal wet-to-dry ratio, lactic acid level, malondialdehyde level, autophagosomes, and LC3-II/LC3-I were significantly increased, and superoxide dismutase level and expression of p62 were significantly decreased in intestinal mucosa after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. Pretreatment with rapamycin significantly aggravated intestinal injury evidenced by increased Chiu's score, intestinal mucosal wet-to-dry ratio and lactic acid level, increased autophagy level evidenced by increased autophagosomes and LC3-II/LC3-I and decreased expression of p62, and downregulated expression of p-mTOR/mTOR. On the contrary, pretreatment with 3-methyladenine significantly attenuated intestinal injury and autophagy level and upregulated expression of p-mTOR/mTOR. CONCLUSIONS In summary, autophagy was significantly enhanced in intestinal mucosa after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion, and inhibition of autophagy attenuated intestinal injury induced by I/R through activating mTOR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baochuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, ShaanXi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi 'an, China
| | - Yanhua Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Niu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunsheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that maintains tissue homeostasis by recycling damaged and aged cellular components, which plays important roles in development of the nervous system, as well as in neuronal function and survival. In addition, autophagy dysfunction underlies neuropathic pain. Thus, the modulation of autophagy can alleviate neuropathic pain. Here, we describe the definition, mechanisms of autophagy and neuropathic pain. On this basis, we further discuss the role of autophagy dysfunction in neuropathic pain. This review updates our knowledge on autophagy mechanisms which propose potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Manhui Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 210005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ju
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 2266001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aihong Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Ge C, Chen J, Tang K, Liu J. GSK-3β inhibition confers cardioprotection associated with the restoration of mitochondrial function and suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress in sevoflurane preconditioned rats following ischemia/reperfusion injury. Perfusion 2018; 33:679-686. [PMID: 29987974 DOI: 10.1177/0267659118787143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sevoflurane has been shown to protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in animals, while its cardioprotection is lost if the ischemic insult is too long. In this study, we proposed a prevailing hypothesis that GSK-3β inhibitor-mediated activation of GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway provides additional cardioprotection in sevoflurane preconditioned rats following I/R injury. Methods: Rats were subjected to treatment with TDZD-8, a GSK-3β inhibitor, 5 minutes prior to sevoflurane preconditioning and 30-minute ischemia and 120-minute reperfusion. Furthermore, in order to find out whether this cardioprotection is linked with mitochondrial function and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), we isolated mitochondria from rat hearts perfused with TDZD-8 and determined the alternations of ERS markers. Results: Sevoflurane preconditioning or GSK-3β inhibitor treatment prevented cardiomyocyte apoptosis, phosphorylated GSK-3β and accelerated total β-catenin expression levels, reduced mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) activity, promoted the recovery of mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased the expression levels of GRP78, caspase-12 and C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) in rats under I/R condition, suggesting sevoflurane preconditioning or TDZD-8 activate the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, improve mitochondria function and suppress ERS occurrence. Conclusions: Taken together, the findings obtained from the study support the concept that sevoflurane preconditioning confers cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury and GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling activation mediated by TDZD-8 as a novel target to prolong cardioprotection by sevoflurane anaesthesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Jing’an District Shibei Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chunlin Ge
- Department of Anesthesia, Xuhui Centre District Hospital, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Shanghai Jing’an District Shibei Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Anesthesia, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Jing’an District Shibei Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin XL, Xiao WJ, Xiao LL, Liu MH. Molecular mechanisms of autophagy in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:675-683. [PMID: 29845269 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a maintenance process for recycling long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic organelles. The level of this process is enhanced during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Autophagy can trigger survival signaling in myocardial ischemia, whereas defective autophagy during reperfusion is detrimental. Autophagy can be regulated through multiple signaling pathways in I/R, including Beclin‑1/class III phosphatidylinositol‑3 kinase (PI‑3K), adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and PI‑3K/protein kinase B/mTOR pathways, which consequently lead to different functions. Thus, autophagy has both protective and detrimental functions, which are determined by different signaling pathways and conditions. Targeting the activation of autophagy can be a promising new therapeutic strategy for treating cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Lin
- Department of Pathology, Hui Zhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516002, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jin Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, P.R. China
| | - Le-Le Xiao
- School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Mi-Hua Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Lipid Research and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Anesthetic agents provide patient comfort and optimize conditions for surgical and procedural interventions. These agents have been shown to modulate autophagy, which is a cellular mechanism that maintains tissue homeostasis by degrading and recycling excess, aged, or dysfunctional proteins. However, it is not always clear if upregulated autophagy is beneficial or harmful. This review assesses the anesthetic effects on autophagy. In the vast majority of studies, anesthetic modulation of autophagy is beneficial for cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Zhi-Yi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fan L, Chen D, Wang J, Wu Y, Li D, Yu X. Sevoflurane Ameliorates Myocardial Cell Injury by Inducing Autophagy via the Deacetylation of LC3 by SIRT1. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2017; 2017:6281285. [PMID: 29104855 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6281285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolded and aberrant proteins have been found to be associated with myocardial cell injury. Thus, increased clearance of misfolded or aggregated proteins via autophagy might be a potential option in preventing myocardial cell injury. Sevoflurane may ameliorate myocardial cell injury by affecting sirtuin 1- (SIRT1-) mediated autophagy. Rat models with myocardial cell injury were induced by limb ischemia reperfusion. The model rats received different treatments: sevoflurane, nicotinamide, and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Autophagy was observed by SEM. The levels of SIRT1 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) were measured. Present findings demonstrated that limb ischemia reperfusion induced autophagy. Sevoflurane increased the level of SIRT1, which deacetylated LC3 and further increased autophagic rates. On the other hand, the autophagy was inhibited by sevoflurane and or the inhibitors of SIRT1 and LC3. Present results demonstrated a novel molecular mechanism by which sevoflurane induced autophagy by increasing the level of SIRT1 and reducing the acetylation of LC3.
Collapse
|
13
|
Giricz Z, Varga ZV, Koncsos G, Nagy CT, Görbe A, Mentzer RM, Gottlieb RA, Ferdinandy P. Autophagosome formation is required for cardioprotection by chloramphenicol. Life Sci 2017; 186:11-16. [PMID: 28778689 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Chloramphenicol (CAP), a broad spectrum antibiotic, was shown to protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. CAP also induces autophagy, however, it is not known whether CAP-induced cardioprotection is mediated by autophagy. Therefore, here we aimed to assess whether activation of autophagy is required for the infarct size limiting effect of CAP and to identify which component of CAP-induced autophagy contributes to cardioprotection against I/R injury. MAIN METHODS Hearts of Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused in Langendorff mode with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing either vehicle (CON), 300μM CAP (CAP), CAP and an inhibitor of autophagosome-lysosome fusion chloroquine (CAP+CQ), or an inhibitor of autophagosome formation, the functional null mutant TAT-HA-Atg5K130R protein (CAP+K130R), and K130R or CQ alone, respectively. After 35min of aerobic perfusion, hearts were subjected to 30min global ischemia and 2h reperfusion. Autophagy was determined by immunoblot against LC3 from left atrial tissue. Infarct size was measured by TTC staining, coronary flow was measured, and the release of creatine kinase (CK) was assessed from the coronary effluent. KEY FINDINGS CAP treatment induced autophagy, increased phosphorylation of Erk1/2 in the myocardium and significantly reduced infarct size and CK release. Autophagy inhibitor TAT-HA-Atg5K130R abolished cardioprotection by CAP, while in CAP+CQ hearts infarct size and CK release were reduced similarly to as seen in the CAP-treated group. CONCLUSION This is the first demonstration that autophagosome formation but not autophagosomal clearance is required for CAP-induced cardioprotection. SIGNIFICANCE Inducing autophagy sequestration might yield novel therapeutic options against acute ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Giricz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Koncsos
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Terézia Nagy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang C, Hou B, Yu S, Chen Q, Zhang N, Li H. HGF alleviates high glucose-induced injury in podocytes by GSK3β inhibition and autophagy restoration. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 2016; 1863:2690-2699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
15
|
Yang Y, Ma Z, Hu W, Wang D, Jiang S, Fan C, Di S, Liu D, Sun Y, Yi W. Caveolin-1/-3: therapeutic targets for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:45. [PMID: 27282376 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Caveolae, caveolin-1 (Cav-1), and caveolin-3 (Cav-3) are essential for the protective effects of conditioning against myocardial I/R injury. Caveolins are membrane-bound scaffolding proteins that compartmentalize and modulate signal transduction. In this review, we introduce caveolae and caveolins and briefly describe the interactions of caveolins in the cardiovascular diseases. We also review the roles of Cav-1/-3 in protection against myocardial ischemia and I/R injury, and in conditioning. Finally, we suggest several potential research avenues that may be of interest to clinicians and basic scientists. The information included, herein, is potentially useful for the design of future studies and should advance the investigation of caveolins as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
16
|
Vélez DE, Hermann R, Barreda Frank M, Mestre Cordero VE, Savino EA, Varela A, Marina Prendes MG. Effects of wortmannin on cardioprotection exerted by ischemic preconditioning in rat hearts subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:83-91. [PMID: 26746207 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is one of the most powerful interventions to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3Ks) family in cardioprotection exerted by IPC and the relationship between preservation of mitochondrial morphology and ATP synthesis capacity. In this regard, macroautophagy (autophagy) is considered a dynamic process involved in the replacement of aged or defective organelles under physiological conditions. IPC consisted of four 5-min cycles of ischemia-reperfusion followed by sustained ischemia. Wortmannin (W), a PI3K family inhibitor, was added to the perfusion medium to study the involvement of autophagy in the beneficial effects of IPC. In the present study, LC3-II/I expression was significantly increased in the IPC group when compared with the control group. The hearts subjected to IPC showed greater degradation of p62 than control groups, establishing the existence of an autophagic flow. Electron microscopy showed that IPC preserves the structural integrity of mitochondria after ischemia and at the end of reperfusion. Moreover, hearts subjected to IPC exhibited increased mitochondrial ATP synthesis. The beneficial effects of IPC were abolished by W in all trials of this study, abolishing the differences between the IPC and control groups. These results suggest that IPC could partly reduce injury by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) by decreasing mitochondrial damage and promoting autophagy. Since W is a nonspecific inhibitor of the PI3Ks family, further research is required to confirm participation of PI3K in the response to IPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Elisabet Vélez
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires and IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Romina Hermann
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires and IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariángeles Barreda Frank
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires and IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Evangelina Mestre Cordero
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires and IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique Alberto Savino
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires and IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Varela
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires and IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Gabriela Marina Prendes
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires and IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Morillas-Sendín P, Delgado-Baeza E, Delgado-Martos MJ, Barranco M, del Cañizo JF, Ruíz M, Quintana-Villamandos B. Effects of Sevoflurane and Propofol on Organ Blood Flow in Left Ventricular Assist Devices in Pigs. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:898373. [PMID: 26583144 DOI: 10.1155/2015/898373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of sevoflurane and propofol on organ blood flow in a porcine model with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Ten healthy minipigs were divided into 2 groups (5 per group) according to the anesthetic received (sevoflurane or propofol). A Biomedicus centrifugal pump was implanted. Organ blood flow (measured using colored microspheres), markers of tissue injury, and hemodynamic parameters were assessed at baseline (pump off) and after 30 minutes of partial support. Blood flow was significantly higher in the brain (both frontal lobes), heart (both ventricles), and liver after 30 minutes in the sevoflurane group, although no significant differences were recorded for the lung, kidney, or ileum. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin were significantly higher after 30 minutes in the propofol group, although no significant differences were detected between the groups for other parameters of liver function, kidney function, or lactic acid levels. The hemodynamic parameters were similar in both groups. We demonstrated that, compared with propofol, sevoflurane increases blood flow in the brain, liver, and heart after implantation of an LVAD under conditions of partial support.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang SZ, Du J. Effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on the digestive system of patients with primary liver cancer undergoing surgery. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4418-4422. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i27.4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on the digestive system of patients with primary liver cancer undergoing surgery.
METHODS: Eighty patients who underwent right liver resection for primary liver cancer from January 2012 to January 2015 at Zhejiang Armed Police Hospital were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 40 cases in each group. The observation group was given sevoflurane pretreatment. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), and D-lactate at different time points were compared between the two groups, and adverse reactions of the digestive system were recorded.
RESULTS: Serum TNF-α and D-lactate concentrations in both groups rose from before induction of anesthesia, peaked at 6 h after the release of the porta hepatis, and then declined. Serum TNF-α and D-lactate concentrations from the occlusion of the porta hepatis to 24 h after the release of the porta hepatis were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Serum I-FABP concentrations in both groups increased from the occlusion of the porta hepatis, peaked at 36 h after the release of the porta hepatis, and declined from 6 h. Serum I-FABP concentrations from the occlusion of the porta hepatis to 24 h after the release of the porta hepatis were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions of the digestive system was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (12.5% vs 27.5%, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Sevoflurane preconditioning can suppress the body's inflammatory response, reduce the incidence of postoperative digestive system adverse reactions, and mitigate digestive system damage in patients with primary liver cancer undergoing surgery.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yu P, Zhang J, Yu S, Luo Z, Hua F, Yuan L, Zhou Z, Liu Q, Du X, Chen S, Zhang L, Xu G. Protective Effect of Sevoflurane Postconditioning against Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Ameliorating Mitochondrial Impairment, Oxidative Stress and Rescuing Autophagic Clearance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134666. [PMID: 26263161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Myocardial infarction leads to heart failure. Autophagy is excessively activated in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the protection of sevoflurane postconditioning (SPC) in myocardial I/R is through restored impaired autophagic flux. Methods Except for the sham control (SHAM) group, each rat underwent 30 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary (LAD) followed by 2 h reperfusion. Cardiac infarction was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride triazole (TTC) staining. Cardiac function was examined by hemodynamics and echocardiography. The activation of autophagy was evaluated by autophagosome accumulation, LC3 conversion and p62 degradation. Potential molecular mechanisms were investigated by immunoblotting, real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Results SPC improved the hemodynamic parameters, cardiac dysfunction, histopathological and ultrastructural damages, and decreased myocardial infarction size after myocardial I/R injury (P < 0.05 vs. I/R group). Compared with the cases in I/R group, myocardial ATP and NAD+ content, mitochondrial function related genes and proteins, and the expressions of SOD2 and HO-1 were increased, while the expressions of ROS and Vimentin were decreased in the SPC group (P < 0.05 vs. I/R group). SPC significantly activated Akt/mTOR signaling, and inhibited the formation of Vps34/Beclin1 complex via increasing expression of Bcl2 protein (P < 0.05 vs. I/R group). SPC suppressed elevated expressions of LC3 II/I ratio, Beclin1, Atg5 and Atg7 in I/R rat, which indicated that SPC inhibited over-activation of autophagy, and promoted autophagosome clearance. Meanwhile, SPC significantly suppressed the decline of Opa1 and increases of Drp1 and Parkin induced by I/R injury (P < 0.05 vs. I/R group). Moreover, SPC maintained the contents of ATP by reducing impaired mitochondria. Conclusion SPC protects rat hearts against I/R injury via ameliorating mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress and rescuing autophagic clearance.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang W, Wang H, Geng QX, Wang HT, Miao W, Cheng B, Zhao D, Song GM, Leanne G, Zhao Z. Augmentation of autophagy by atorvastatin via Akt/mTOR pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2015. [PMID: 26224487 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is activated in hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy. However, the mechanisms and significance of an activated autophagy are not clear. This study was designed to determine the role of atorvastatin (ATO) in cardiac autophagy and associated benefits on cardiac remodeling and left ventricular function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Twenty-eight male SHRs at 8 weeks of age were randomized to treatment with vehicle (saline solution; SHR+V) or ATO (SHR+ATO; 50 mg kg(-1) per day) for 6 or 12 months. Age-matched male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as normotensive controls. Cardiac magnetic resonance was used to evaluate cardiac function and structure. Compared with WKY rats, SHRs showed significant left ventricle (LV) dysfunction, remodeling and increases in cardiomyocyte size, which were all attenuated by 6 and 12 months of ATO treatment. Compared with WKY rats, autophagy was activated in the hearts of SHRs and this effect was amplified by chronic ATO treatment, particularly following 12 months of treatment. Protein expression levels of microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3-II and beclin-1, the biomarkers of an activated cardiac autophagy, were significantly elevated in ATO-treated versus vehicle-treated SHRs and control WKY rats. Cardiac Akt and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression were also increased in the hearts of SHR versus WKY rats, and this effect was attenuated by ATO treatment. These findings suggest that ATO-mediated improvements in LV function and structure in SHRs may be, in part, through its regulation of cardiac autophagy via the Akt/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Shandong, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Qing-Xin Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Affiliated with Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Hua-Ting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Affiliated with Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Miao
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Affiliated with Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-Min Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Groban Leanne
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Affiliated with Shandong University, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fang Y, Tan J, Zhang Q. Signaling pathways and mechanisms of hypoxia-induced autophagy in the animal cells. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:891-8. [PMID: 25808799 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia occurs in a series of supraphysiological circumstances, for instance, sleep disorders, myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke, that can induce a systematic inflammatory response. Such a response may then lead to a widespread dysfunction and cell injury. Autophagy, a cellular homeostatic process that governs the turnover of damaged organelles and proteins, can be triggered by multiple forms of extra- and intracellular stress, for example, hypoxia, nutrient deprivation and reactive oxygen specie. Central to this process is the formation of double-membrane vesicles, thereby autophagosomes sequester portions of cytosol and deliver them to the lysosomes for a breakdown. In recent years, several distinct oxygen-sensing pathways that regulate the cellular response to autophagy have been defined. For instance, hypoxia influences autophagy in part through the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent pathways. In chronic and moderate hypoxia, autophagy plays a protective role by mediating the removal of the damaged organelles and protein. Moreover, three additional oxygen-sensitive signaling pathways are also associated with the activation of autophagy. These include mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, unfolded protein response (UPR)- and PKCδ-JNK1-dependent pathways. Contrary to the protective effects of autophagy, during rapid and severe oxygen fluctuations, autophagy may be detrimental and induce cell death. In this review, we highlight a serious of recent advances on how autophagy is regulated at the molecular level and on final consequences of cell under different hypoxic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yungyun Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gao L, Lv G, Guo X, Jing Y, Han Z, Zhang S, Sun K, Li R, Yang Y, Wei L. Activation of autophagy protects against cholestasis-induced hepatic injury. Cell Biosci 2014; 4:47. [PMID: 25922659 PMCID: PMC4412295 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-4-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cholestasis is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of bile acids and causes hepatocellular injury. Recent studies show that autophagy is involved in the pathophysiology of many liver diseases. The potential role of autophagy in preventing cholestatic hepatotoxicity, however, has rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine whether autophagy is involved in the cholestatic hepatotoxicity. Results We found that bile duct ligation (BDL) led to cholestatic liver injury and hepatocytic autophagy activation in the mice. Suppression of autophagy with Chloroquine (CQ) increased liver injury and hepatocytes apoptosis; while activation of autophagy by rapamycin reduced cholestasis hepatotoxicity. In L02 normal liver cells, Glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) treatment would induce autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy by CQ could promote GCDC-induced cell apoptosis. In contrast, rapamycin treatment could protect against GCDC-induced cell death. Furthermore, autophagy contributed to the liver cells survival via modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conclusions These findings indicate that autophagy protects against cholestasis induced liver injury and hepatocyte apoptosis by eliminating ROS accumulation. Our data suggest that enhancement of autophagy may be a therapeutic strategy to mitigate cholestatic liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Gang Lv
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianling Guo
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yingying Jing
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Zhipeng Han
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Kai Sun
- Central laboratory, Renji hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Li
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yang Yang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438 China ; Central laboratory, Renji hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|