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Hwang C, Takano T, So R, Sahker E, Kawakami S, Livingstone C, Takiguchi N, Ono-Kihara M, Kihara M, Furukawa TA. Prevalence of gambling disorder and its correlates among homeless men in Osaka city, Japan. J Gambl Stud 2023; 39:1059-1076. [PMID: 35704251 PMCID: PMC10397130 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Internationally, the prevalence of gambling disorder has been reported to be higher among homeless people than the general population; however, little is known about the factors associated with gambling disorder in this population. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of gambling disorder and its associated factors among homeless men using shelters in Osaka City. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 30 to 2018 to 4 January 2019, using the 2017 Japanese National Survey of Gambling (JNSG) questionnaire, supplemented with questions about homeless experiences, drinking, and smoking. Using the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the presence of gambling disorder was determined by a score ≥ 5 out of 20. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to explore factors associated with lifetime gambling disorder. Lifetime and past-year prevalence of gambling disorder among 103 participants was 43.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.5-53.3) and 3.9% (95% CI: 1.5-9.6), respectively, which are higher than the 6.7% and 1.5% found among men in the 2017 JNSG. Reasons reported for currently gambling less were primarily financial. Factors associated with lifetime GD included "more than 20 years since the first incidence of homelessness" (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 4.97, 95% CI: 1.50-16.45) and "more than five incidences of homelessness" (AOR: 4.51, 95% CI: 1.06-19.26). When homeless individuals with gambling disorder try to rebuild and stabilize their lives, the presence or resurgence of gambling disorder may hinder the process and pose a risk of recurring homelessness. Comprehensive support services for homeless individuals with gambling disorder are required. (250 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyoung Hwang
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taichi Takano
- Not-for-Profit Organization, The Big Issue Japan Foundation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuhei So
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Okayama Psychiatric Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ethan Sahker
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
- Population Health and Policy Research Unit, Medical Education Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sho Kawakami
- Not-for-Profit Organization, The Big Issue Japan Foundation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Charles Livingstone
- Gambling and Social Determinants Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | | | - Masako Ono-Kihara
- Interdisciplinary Unit for Global Health, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kihara
- Interdisciplinary Unit for Global Health, Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshi A. Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
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2
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Dudfield FWH, Malouff JM, Meynadier J. The Association between the Five-factor Model of Personality and Problem Gambling: a Meta-analysis. J Gambl Stud 2022; 39:669-687. [PMID: 35604521 PMCID: PMC10175427 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis meta-analysis examined the associations between five-factor personality model traits and problem gambling. To be eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, studies had to provide effect size data that quantified the magnitude of the association between all five personality traits and problem gambling. Studies also had to use psychometrically sound measures. The meta-analysis included 20 separate samples from 19 studies and 32,222 total participants. The results showed that problem gambling was significantly correlated with the five-factor model of personality. The strongest personality correlate of problem gambling was neuroticism r = .31, p = < 0.001, 95% CI [0.17, 0.44], followed by conscientiousness r = − .28, p = < 0.001, 95% CI [-0.38,-0.17] ), agreeableness r = − .22, p = < 0.001, 95% CI [-0.34, − 0.10], openness r = − .17, p = < 0.001, 95% CI [-0.22,-0.12], and extraversion r = − .11, p = .024, 95% CI [-0.20,-0.01]. These results suggest problem gamblers tend to share a common personality profile – one that could provide clues as to the most effective ways to prevent and to treat problem gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John M Malouff
- University of New England Psychology, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
| | - Jai Meynadier
- University of New England Psychology, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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3
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Suomi A, Lucas N, Dowling N, Delfabbro P. Parental problem gambling and child wellbeing: Systematic review and synthesis of evidence. Addict Behav 2022; 126:107205. [PMID: 34890890 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children living with a problem gambling parent are at risk of harm but no previous systematic reviews have specifically focused on the relationship of parental problem gambling and child wellbeing outcomes. The current review aimed to redress this gap by reviewing all available empirical evidence on parental problem gambling and child wellbeing. METHOD Articles were identified by searching PsychINFO, CINAHL, Medline and Scopus. The search included terminology pertaining to parents, problem gambling and children and we included all peer-reviewed articles that reported parental problem gambling and child wellbeing outcome(s). RESULTS Overall, 35 studies reporting a relationship between parental problem gambling and child wellbeing were included. Child wellbeing outcomes were reported across six domains: (1) psychological (k = 14); (2) family relationships (k = 17); (3) violence (k = 9); (4) behavioural (k = 7); (5) financial (k = 9); and (6) physical health (k = 3). The included studies were mostly unequivocal about negative impacts of parental problem gambling across the six domains. Sixteen studies provided evidence of negative child outcomes that were directly attributed to parental problem gambling (e.g., as a result of your parent's problematic gambling, you felt depressed). Nineteen studies reported evidence of the association of child negative outcomes and parental problem gambling but child outcomes were not directly attributed to parental problem gambling (e.g., parent is a problem gambler, child is depressed). Evidence was particularly robust on child distress and family dysfunction directly attributed to parental problem gambling. CONCLUSION This is the first systematic review focusing exclusively on specific intra- and interpersonal problems experienced by children whose parents have a gambling problem.
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Wu J. Impact of Personality Traits on Knowledge Hiding: A Comparative Study on Technology-Based Online and Physical Education. Front Psychol 2022; 12:791202. [PMID: 34992568 PMCID: PMC8725663 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.791202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge hiding has been a variable of interest that has led to major intangible losses to organizations, especially in this pandemic era when everything has shifted to online platforms and social media. Knowledge hiding has taken a new turn into the field of knowledge management. Moreover, the major players in knowledge hiding are the personality characteristics of individuals that have now found a way of expression without coming into the spotlight. This study is a necessary one in this time of online working environments where the role of personality traits and psychological ownership has been explored to understand their impact on the knowledge hiding within the organizations of China, and furthermore, to understand what role social status plays in moderating these relationships. The sampling design used is convenient random sampling with a sample size of 298 managers. This study has used the software Smart-PLS 3.3.3 for analyzing the data. The data relied on and was validated using preliminary tests of reliability and discriminant and convergent validities using the measurement model algorithm. Further, the partial least square technique was used to find the equation modeling for the variables, with the help of a structural model algorithm using 500 iterations for bootstrapping. The findings of the current study show that the personality traits of the "BIG FIVE" model positively predict knowledge hiding, except for openness to experience. At the same time, psychological ownership plays a partial mediating role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Public Department of PE and Arts, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Schwarzkopf L, Loy JK, Braun-Michl B, Grüne B, Sleczka P, Kraus L. Gambling disorder in the context of outpatient counselling and treatment: Background and design of a prospective German cohort study. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2021; 30:e1867. [PMID: 33439510 PMCID: PMC8170573 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prospective naturalistic study 'Katamnese-Studie' conducted between 2014 and 2019 gathers evidence on the course of gambling disorder in German routine outpatient addiction care. This study elucidates design and methodological advantages and caveats of the study. METHODS Participants of the multi-centre cohort received written questionnaires at admission and at 6-, 12-, 24- and 36-month follow-up to assess socio-demographic data, gambling behaviour, gambling-related consequences and care offers sought. Subsequently, self-reports were linked to client-individual routine documentation for the German Addiction Care Statistical Service. Furthermore, employees of participating outpatient addiction care facilities were surveyed regarding experiences with and attitudes towards gambling disorder. Multivariate longitudinal regression models will portray changes in the severity of gambling disorder and gambling behaviour and explore associated client- and care-related factors. CONCLUSION The 'Katamnese-Studie' covers the whole spectrum of outpatient gambling care. Keeping the design-related caveats in mind (reliability of self-reports, loss-to-follow-up and issues regarding causal inference), the study is anticipated to draw a comprehensive picture of routine outpatient gambling care and key factors related to sustained remission. In the medium term, this information might support the development and subpopulation-specific adaptation of recommendations on how to structure process and content of outpatient gambling care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Schwarzkopf
- IFT Institut Fuer Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna K Loy
- IFT Institut Fuer Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Bettina Grüne
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Pawel Sleczka
- German University of Health and Sport, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kraus
- IFT Institut Fuer Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany.,Department for Public Health Sciences, Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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6
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Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Suchtartiges Arbeiten stellt ein ernst zu nehmendes Problem in unserer Gesellschaft dar. In dieser Studie wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Rolle berufliche Rahmenbedingungen (Entgrenzung der Arbeit) und Persönlichkeitsfaktoren (Big Five) bei suchtartigem Arbeiten spielen. Methode: 111 Erwerbstätige im Alter von 19 bis 66 Jahren beantworteten online den Persönlichkeitstest Big Five Inventory-SOEP, den Fragebogen zur Erfassung zentraler Merkmale der Arbeit 4.0 und die Skala zur Erfassung von Arbeitssucht. Die statistischen Auswertungen (Korrelationsanalysen, moderierte Regressionsanalyse) erfolgten mittels „R“ und „PSPP“. Ergebnisse: Suchtartiges Arbeiten korreliert signifikant mit Entgrenzung (r = .208), Neurotizismus (r = .356) und dem Alter der Probanden (r = -.321). Alle drei Prädiktoren zusammen erklären insgesamt 29 Prozent der Varianz von suchtartigem Arbeiten. Es konnte kein moderierender Effekt der Variablen Entgrenzung der Arbeit auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Neurotizismus und suchtartigem Arbeiten gefunden werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Neben dem Persönlichkeitsfaktor Neurotizismus und dem Alter spielen bei der Vorhersage suchtartigen Arbeitens auch das Ausmaß der Entgrenzung der Arbeit eine relevante Rolle. Die Ergebnisse sind vor dem Hintergrund der Covid-19-Pandemie relevant, da bei Mitarbeitern im Homeoffice die Grenzen von Arbeit und Privatleben besonders stark verwischen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Pannier
- Institut für Wirtschaftspsychologie (iwp), FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie & Management, Hochschulzentrum Stuttgart
| | - Mira Fauth-Bühler
- Institut für Wirtschaftspsychologie (iwp), FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie & Management, Hochschulzentrum Stuttgart
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7
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Müller KW, Werthmann J, Beutel ME, Wölfling K, Egloff B. Maladaptive Personality Traits and Their Interaction with Outcome Expectancies in Gaming Disorder and Internet-Related Disorders. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:3967. [PMID: 33918737 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gambling disorder and gaming disorder have recently been recognized as behavioral addictions in the ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition). The association between behavioral addictions and personality has been examined before, yet there is a lack of studies on maladaptive traits and their relationship to specific outcome expectancies. In study 1, we recruited a community sample (n = 365); in study 2 a sample of treatment-seekers was enrolled (n = 208). Maladaptive personality traits were assessed by the brief form of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition). Internet-related outcome expectancies were measured by the Virtual Expectancy Questionnaire. In the clinical sample, the Global Assessment of Functioning was additionally administered. Behavioral Addictions were closely associated with maladaptive traits that in turn were related to a poorer level of psychosocial functioning. There is evidence for an exacerbated risk of internet-related disorders when specific outcome expectancies and maladaptive traits interact. Implications for phenomenology and treatment are discussed.
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8
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Quilty LC, Otis E, Haefner SA, Michael Bagby R. A Multi-Method Investigation of Normative and Pathological Personality Across the Spectrum of Gambling Involvement. J Gambl Stud 2021; 38:205-223. [PMID: 33655450 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-021-10011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pathological Gambling (PG) has been linked to both specific personality traits and personality disorders (PDs). However, previous studies have used a wide variety of research designs that preclude clear conclusions about the personality features that distinguish adults with PG from other groups. The current investigation seeks to advance this research by using a sample including adults who do not gamble, who gamble socially, and who exhibit PG, using self-report, informant-report, and interview-rated measures of personality traits and disorders. A total of 245 adults completed measures of gambling behaviour and problems, as well as normative and pathological personality over two assessment visits. A multivariate ANCOVA was conducted to investigate differences between groups. Analyses supported numerous group differences including differences between all groups on the Neuroticism facet of Impulsivity, and between non-gambling/socially gambling and PG groups on the Conscientiousness facet of Self-Discipline. Adults with PG exhibited more symptoms of Borderline, Paranoid, Schizotypal, Avoidant, and Dependent PDs than adults who gamble socially or not at all. The current investigation provides a comprehensive survey of personality across a wide range of gambling involvement, using a multi-method approach. Our findings help to clarify the most pertinent personality risk factors for PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena C Quilty
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H1, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Elijah Otis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H1, Canada
| | - Sasha A Haefner
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H1, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V6, Canada
| | - R Michael Bagby
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada
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9
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Strømme R, Børstad KH, Rø AE, Erevik EK, Sagoe D, Chegeni R, Aune Mentzoni R, Kaur P, Pallesen S. The Relationship Between Gambling Problems and the Five-Factor Model of Personality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:740235. [PMID: 34712156 PMCID: PMC8545825 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.740235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the present meta-analysis was to synthesize results from the association between problem gambling (PG) and dimensions of the five factor model of personality and to identify potential moderators (gambling diagnosis: yes/no, comorbidity: yes/no and trait assessment: four or fewer items vs. five items or more) of these associations in meta-regressions. Methods: Searches were conducted in six databases; Medline, Web of Science, PsychInfo, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and Cochrane Library (conducted on February, 22, 2021). Included studies: (1) reported a relationship between PG and at least one of the personality traits in the five-factor model, (2) contained information of zero-order correlations or sufficient data for such calculations, and (3) were original articles published in any European language. Case-studies, qualitative studies, and reviews were excluded. All articles were independently screened by two authors. Final agreement was reached through discussion or by consulting a third author. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were synthesized using a random effects model. Results: In total 28 studies, comprising 20,587 participants, were included. The correlations between PG and the traits were as follows: Neuroticism: 0.273 (95% CI = 0.182, 0.358), conscientiousness -0.296 (95% CI = -0.400, -0.185), agreeableness -0.163 (95% CI = -0.223, -0.101), openness -0.219 (95% CI = -0.308, -0.127), and extroversion -0.083 (95% CI = -0.120, -0.046). For all meta-analyses the between study heterogeneity was significant. Presence of gambling diagnosis was the only moderator that significantly explained between-study variance showing a more negative correlation to extroversion when participants had a gambling diagnosis compared to when this was not the case. Discussion: The results indicated some publication bias. Correcting for this by a trim-and-fill procedure showed however that the findings were consistent. Clinicians and researchers should be aware of the associations between personality traits and PG. Previous studies have for example showed neuroticism to be related to treatment relapse, low scores on conscientiousness to predict treatment drop-out and agreeableness to reduce risk of treatment drop-out. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021237225).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Strømme
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Andrea Eftang Rø
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eilin Kristine Erevik
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Centre for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dominic Sagoe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Centre for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Razieh Chegeni
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune Aune Mentzoni
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Centre for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Puneet Kaur
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Centre for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Optentia, The Vaal Triangle Campus of the North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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10
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Oinio V, Sundström M, Bäckström P, Uhari-Väänänen J, Kiianmaa K, Raasmaja A, Piepponen P. The role of opioidergic system in modulating cost/benefit decision-making in alcohol-preferring AA rats and Wistar rats. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:220-8. [PMID: 33229893 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Research has highlighted the association of a positive family history of alcoholism with a positive treatment response to opioid antagonists in those with a gambling disorder. However, the role of the opioidergic system in gambling behavior is not well understood, and preclinical studies are needed to clarify this. In this study, Alko Alcohol (AA) and Wistar rats went through operant lever pressing training where the task was to choose the more profitable of two options. Different sized sucrose rewards guided the lever choices, and the probability of gaining rewards changed slowly to a level where choosing the smaller reward was the most profitable option. After training, rats were administered subcutaneously with opioid agonist morphine or opioid antagonist naltrexone to study the impact of opioidergic mechanisms on cost/benefit decisions. No difference was found in the decision-making between AA rats or Wistar rats after the morphine administration, but control data revealed a minor decision enhancing effect in AA rats. Naltrexone had no impact on the decisions in AA rats but promoted unprofitable decisions in Wistar rats. Supporting behavioral data showed that in both rat strains morphine increased, and naltrexone decreased, sucrose consumption. Naltrexone also increased the time to accomplish the operant task. The results suggest that opioid agonists could improve decision-making in cost-benefit settings in rats that are naturally prone to high alcohol drinking. The naltrexone results are ambiguous but may partly explain why opioid antagonists lack a positive pharmacotherapeutic effect in some subgroups of gamblers.
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11
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Grant JE, Chamberlain SR. Gambling and substance use: Comorbidity and treatment implications. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 99:109852. [PMID: 31881248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gambling disorder is a common condition that was previously listed as an impulse control disorder, but is now considered a substance-related and addictive disorder. Gambling disorder has been associated with various untoward long-term outcomes including impaired quality of life, relationship break-ups, debt and mortgage foreclosure, and elevated risk of suicidality. This paper provides a concise primer on gambling disorder, with a special focus on its parallels with substance use disorders. We consider clinical presentations, comorbid expression, heritability, and treatment approaches (psychological and pharmacological). Lastly, we highlight new treatment directions suggested by the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge; & Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT), UK
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13
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Weber J. Suchtprävention in Niedersachsen: Akteursperspektiven auf Performanz und Potenziale. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2020; 63:344-353. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-020-03103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Limbrick-Oldfield EH, Mick I, Cocks RE, Flechais RSA, Turton S, Lingford-Hughes A, Bowden-Jones H, Clark L. Neural and neurocognitive markers of vulnerability to gambling disorder: a study of unaffected siblings. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:292-300. [PMID: 31597159 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Psychological and neurobiological markers in individuals with gambling disorder (GD) could reflect transdiagnostic vulnerability to addiction or neuroadaptive consequences of long-term gambling. Using an endophenotypic approach to identify vulnerability markers, we tested the biological relatives of cases with GD. Male participants seeking treatment for GD (n = 20) were compared with a male control group (n = 18). Biological siblings of cases with GD (n = 17, unrelated to the current GD group) were compared with a separate control group (n = 19) that overlapped partially with the GD control group. Participants completed a comprehensive assessment of clinical scales, neurocognitive functioning, and fMRI of unexpected financial reward. The GD group displayed elevated levels of self-report impulsivity and delay discounting, and increased risk-taking on the Cambridge Gamble Task. We did not observe impaired motor impulsivity on the stop-signal task. Siblings of GD showed some overlapping effects; namely, elevated impulsivity (negative urgency) and increased risk-taking on the Cambridge Gamble Task. We did not observe any differences in the neural response to win outcomes, either in the GD or sibling analysis compared with their control group. Within the GD group, activity in the thalamus and caudate correlated negatively with gambling severity. Increased impulsivity and risk-taking in GD are present in biological relatives of cases with GD, suggesting these markers may represent pre-existing vulnerability to GD.
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15
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Shi J, Colder Carras M, Potenza MN, Turner NE. A Perspective on Age Restrictions and Other Harm Reduction Approaches Targeting Youth Online Gambling, Considering Convergences of Gambling and Videogaming. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:601712. [PMID: 33584369 PMCID: PMC7873963 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.601712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet gambling has become a popular activity among some youth. Vulnerable youth may be particularly at risk due to limited harm reduction and enforcement measures. This article explores age restrictions and other harm reduction measures relating to youth and young adult online gambling. A systematic rapid review was conducted by searching eight databases. Additional articles on online gambling (e.g., from references) were later included. To place this perspective into context, articles on adult gambling, land-based gambling, and substance use and other problematic behaviors were also considered. Several studies show promising findings for legally restricting youth from gambling in that such restrictions may reduce the amount of youth gambling and gambling-related harms. However, simply labeling an activity as "age-restricted" may not deter youth from gambling; in some instances, it may generate increased appeal for gambling. Therefore, advertising and warning labels should be examined in conjunction with age restrictions. Recommendations for age enforcement strategies, advertising, education, and warning labels are made to help multiple stakeholders including policymakers and public health officials internationally. Age restrictions in online gambling should consider multiple populations including youth and young adults. Prevention and harm reduction in gambling should examine how age-restriction strategies may affect problem gambling and how they may be best enforced across gambling platforms. More research is needed to protect youth with respect to online gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Colder Carras
- JHU Global mHealth Initiative, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, United States.,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Nigel E Turner
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Levy NS, Duarte CS, Segura LE, Santaella-Tenorio J, Okuda M, Wall M, Chen C, Ramos-Olazagasti MA, Canino G, Bird H, Martins SS. The longitudinal effect of early-life sensation seeking on gambling and gambling problems among Puerto Rican young adults. Psychol Addict Behav 2019; 34:201-208. [PMID: 31613115 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sensation seeking has been proposed as a risk factor for gambling and gambling problems; however, existing evidence for a relationship between sensation seeking and gambling behaviors is inconclusive and data are lacking for emerging adults and racial and ethnic minorities. In this longitudinal study, we explored the association between developmental trajectories of sensation seeking in childhood and adolescence and gambling and gambling problems in early adulthood in individuals of Puerto Rican origin. Gambling data were collected during 2014-2018 from a subsample of participants in the Boricua Youth Study who were recruited in the South Bronx of New York City and in San Juan and Caguas, Puerto Rico. Sensation seeking was measured using a 10-item instrument modified from the scale created by Russo et al. for use in children as young as 5 years old. Developmental trajectories of age-adjusted sensation seeking were created using growth mixture models. Gambling and gambling problems were assessed based on the Canadian Adolescent Gambling Inventory (CAGI) Version 1.09. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods and multivariable logistic regression. Individuals in the high sensation-seeking class had lower adjusted odds of past-year gambling (OR = .36; 95% confidence interval [.14, .92]) than did those in the normative sensation-seeking class, whereas no differences were observed for individuals in the low and accelerated classes. No relationship was found between sensation seeking and past-year gambling problems. Given the severe consequences of early initiation of gambling and gambling problems, other early life risk factors and alternative hypotheses for the elevated prevalence of gambling problems in young adults and racial and ethnic minority populations should be explored. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Melanie Wall
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
| | - Chen Chen
- New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | | | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico Medical School
| | - Hector Bird
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University
| | - Silvia S Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
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17
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Carbone MG, Pagni G, Tagliarini C, Maremmani I. Can a Low Dosage of Aripiprazole Modify Incentive Salience in Naive Bipolar Patients Who Gamble? Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment 2019; 18:134-139. [DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Silbernagl M, Yanagida T, Slamanig R, Fischer G, Brandt L. Comorbidity Patterns Among Patients With Opioid Use Disorder and Problem Gambling: ADHD Status Predicts Class Membership. J Dual Diagn 2019; 15:147-158. [PMID: 30999811 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2019.1590672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Psychiatric comorbidities are highly prevalent among individuals affected by substance use disorders and those with non-substance-related addictive disorders such as gambling disorder. More recently, the frequent co-occurrence of substance use disorders and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has received particular attention. The aim of our study was to identify patterns of psychiatric comorbidity and to examine associations between patient group and ADHD status with class membership. Methods: Participants were patients with opioid use disorder enrolled in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT), either recruited from the community (n = 142; M age = 35.8 years; 38.7% female) or prison (n = 133; M age = 35.7 years; 21.8% female), and patients undergoing treatment for problem gambling (PrG; n = 80; M age = 43.1 years; 20% female). To enable direct comparisons, the following instruments were applied: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Adult ADHD self-report scale, Wender Utah Rating Scale, and European Addiction Severity Index. We used a latent class analysis (LCA) to identify psychiatric comorbidity patterns and a multinomial logistic regression to examine associations between patient group, ADHD status, age, and gender with class membership. Results: The LCA resulted in a three-class solution: (1) a class of individuals with a relatively low probability of current psychiatric comorbidities, except for a high probability of substance use disorders; (2) a class with markedly increased probabilities of current and recurrent psychiatric comorbidities, especially for major depression; and (3) a class with very low probabilities of psychiatric comorbidities, except for moderate probabilities of substance use disorders and antisocial personality disorder. Both OMT patients recruited from the community and those in prison were less likely than PrG patients to be assigned to the most burdened class with respect to psychiatric comorbidity (class 2). Further, both individuals with ADHD in childhood and those with adult ADHD were more likely members of class 2. Conclusions: PrG patients seem to be at an even higher risk for psychiatric comorbidities compared to OMT patients. Raising awareness among practitioners for the high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities among patients with gambling disorder and individuals with ADHD is crucial to initiate adequate treatment and to improve response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Silbernagl
- Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Takuya Yanagida
- Department for Applied Psychology: Work Education and Economy, University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Rudolf Slamanig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Gabriele Fischer
- Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Laura Brandt
- Department for Applied Psychology: Work Education and Economy, University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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Johansen AB, Helland PF, Wennesland DK, Henden E, Brendryen H. Exploring online problem gamblers' motivation to change. Addict Behav Rep 2019; 10:100187. [PMID: 31297434 PMCID: PMC6597935 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In order to improve interventions for problem gambling, there is a need for studies that can highlight psychological factors that support the desire to reduce gambling. Objective To explore online problem gamblers' motivation for change by studying participants' reactions to an online treatment referral website designed to motivate at-risk gamblers to seek help. Design A qualitative evaluation study, combining focus groups and in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using the general inductive approach. Informants The informants included 19 male, treatment- and non-treatment seeking, online gamblers who played a variety of games, including poker, sports betting and online casino. Results Motivation to change emerged as two processes including (a) empathy with others, which included projection of their thoughts and feelings onto others, and (b) dissonance between gambling behavior and ideal self-image. Dissonance included two subthemes: (i) dissonance due to positive feelings towards sports and athletics, and (ii) dissonance due to gambling among family. Conclusions The findings have implications for interventions designed to evoke motivation early in treatment of online problem gambling. Inducing problem gamblers to reflect on the thoughts and feelings of concerned significant others, real or fictional, could be a viable strategy to motivate online problem gamblers to consider change. We identified three sources of motivation for changing gambling behavior: Empathy with concerned significant others, real or fictional Cognitive dissonance due to positive feelings towards sports and athletics Cognitive dissonance due to gambling among family members
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayna B Johansen
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Dag K Wennesland
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Edmund Henden
- Centre for the Study of Professions, Oslo University College, Norway
| | - Håvar Brendryen
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Norway
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20
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Abstract
Experimental studies examining the relationship between alcohol use and gambling have focused predominantly on alcohol's influence on gambling behavior. There has been little consideration of the reverse pathway: whether gambling influences subsequent alcohol use. Two experiments examined whether gambling and gambling outcomes (i.e. profits during a gambling session) influenced subsequent alcohol consumption. Experiment 1 (n = 53) used an ad libitum consumption test, in which participants could request beverages during a 30 min window. Experiment 2 (n = 29) used a beer taste test procedure, in which participants were asked to rate a series of beers. In both studies, male regular gamblers were assigned to watch a television show or play a modern slot machine for 30 min, before being provided with access to alcohol. On the ad libitum procedure, gambling significantly increased the number of alcoholic drinks ordered, the volume of alcohol consumed, the participants' speed of drinking, and their intention to drink alcohol. These effects were not corroborated using the taste test procedure. Across both studies, gambling outcomes were not associated with alcohol consumption. In conjunction with prior findings, the observation that gambling can promote alcohol consumption under certain conditions highlights a possible feedback loop whereby gambling and alcohol reinforce one another. However, the divergent results between the ad libitum and taste test experiments point to boundary conditions for the effect and raise methodological considerations for future work measuring alcohol consumption in gambling environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Tobias-Webb
- Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca L Griggs
- Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nataly Kaufman
- Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Luke Clark
- Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Bhatia U, Bhat B, George S, Nadkarni A. The prevalence, patterns, and correlates of gambling behaviours in men: An exploratory study from Goa, India. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 43:143-149. [PMID: 31151082 PMCID: PMC6712305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a significant evidence gap on gambling in India, where gambling is viewed predominantly through the legal lens. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, patterns, and correlates of gambling. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the follow-up assessment in a cohort (n = 1514 men) from India. The following data were collected using a structured questionnaire: socio-demographic information, gambling, interpersonal violence, tobacco use, alcohol use disorders (AUD), common mental disorders, and suicidality. Logistic regression models were used to examine the correlates of gambling. RESULTS 658 participants (45.4%) reported gambling in the past year, and lottery was the most frequent form of gambling (67.8%). Current gambling was correlated with rural residence (OR 1.42, CI 1.05-1.93, p = 0.02), work-related problems (OR 1.42, CI 1.03-1.96, p = 0.03), interpersonal violence (OR 3.45, CI 1.22-9.75, p = 0.02), tobacco use (OR 1.59, CI 1.16-2.19, p = 0.004), and AUD (OR 2.14, CI 1.35-3.41, p = 0.001). 724 (49.9%) participants reported gambling at least once in their lifetime. Lifetime gambling was correlated with work-related problems (OR 1.57, CI 1.14-2.17, p = 0.006), interpersonal violence (OR 4.03, CI 1.32-12.30 p = 0.02), tobacco use (OR 1.60, CI 1.16-2.20, p = 0.004), and AUD (OR 2.12, CI 1.33-3.40, p = 0.002). Age was significantly associated with playing lottery more frequently (OR 3.24, CI 1.34-7.84, p = 0.009) and tobacco use was significantly associated with playing matka more frequently (OR 1.69, CI 1.08-2.64, p = 0.02). DISCUSSION The high prevalence of gambling and its association with social problems and risk factors for non-communicable diseases warrants further epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvita Bhatia
- Sangath, H No 451 (168) Bhatkar Waddo, Porvorim, Socorro 403501, India.
| | - Bhargav Bhat
- Sangath, H No 451 (168) Bhatkar Waddo, Porvorim, Socorro 403501, India
| | - Sanju George
- Sangath, H No 451 (168) Bhatkar Waddo, Porvorim, Socorro 403501, India
| | - Abhijit Nadkarni
- Sangath, H No 451 (168) Bhatkar Waddo, Porvorim, Socorro 403501, India
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22
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Jiménez-Murcia S, Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Stinchfield R, Tremblay J, Steward T, Mestre-Bach G, Lozano-Madrid M, Mena-Moreno T, Mallorquí-Bagué N, Perales JC, Navas JF, Soriano-Mas C, Aymamí N, Gómez-Peña M, Agüera Z, Del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Martín-Romera V, Menchón JM. Phenotypes in Gambling Disorder Using Sociodemographic and Clinical Clustering Analysis: An Unidentified New Subtype? Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:173. [PMID: 30984045 PMCID: PMC6450083 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gambling disorder (GD) is a heterogeneous disorder which has clinical manifestations that vary according to variables in each individual. Considering the importance of the application of specific therapeutic interventions, it is essential to obtain clinical classifications based on differentiated phenotypes for patients diagnosed with GD. Objectives: To identify gambling profiles in a large clinical sample of n = 2,570 patients seeking treatment for GD. Methods: An agglomerative hierarchical clustering method defining a combination of the Schwarz Bayesian Information Criterion and log-likelihood was used, considering a large set of variables including sociodemographic, gambling, psychopathological, and personality measures as indicators. Results: Three-mutually-exclusive groups were obtained. Cluster 1 (n = 908 participants, 35.5%), labeled as "high emotional distress," included the oldest patients with the longest illness duration, the highest GD severity, and the most severe levels of psychopathology. Cluster 2 (n = 1,555, 60.5%), labeled as "mild emotional distress," included patients with the lowest levels of GD severity and the lowest levels of psychopathology. Cluster 3 (n = 107, 4.2%), labeled as "moderate emotional distress," included the youngest patients with the shortest illness duration, the highest level of education and moderate levels of psychopathology. Conclusion: In this study, the general psychopathological state obtained the highest importance for clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Randy Stinchfield
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Joel Tremblay
- Département de Psychoéducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Trevor Steward
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Lozano-Madrid
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Mena-Moreno
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Mallorquí-Bagué
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José C Perales
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan F Navas
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber de Salud Mental, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Neus Aymamí
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Departament d'Infermeria de Salut Pública, Salut Mental i Maternoinfantil, Escola Universitària d'Infermeria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber de Salud Mental, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Fujino J, Kawada R, Tsurumi K, Takeuchi H, Murao T, Takemura A, Tei S, Murai T, Takahashi H. An fMRI study of decision-making under sunk costs in gambling disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:1371-1381. [PMID: 30243683 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The sunk cost effect is the tendency to continue an investment, or take an action, even though it has higher future costs than benefits, if costs of time, money, or effort were previously incurred. This type of decision bias is pervasive in real life and has been studied in various disciplines. Previous studies and clinical observations suggest that decision-making under sunk costs is altered in gambling disorder (GD). However, the neural mechanisms of decision-making under sunk costs in GD remain largely unknown, and so is their association with the clinical characteristics of this patient group. Here, by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging and the task that demonstrated a clear example of the sunk cost effect, we investigated the neural correlates during decision-making under sunk costs in GD. We found no significant differences in the strength of the sunk cost effect between the GD and healthy control (HC) groups. However, the strength of the sunk cost effect in patients with GD showed a significant negative correlation with abstinence period and a marginally significant positive correlation with the duration of illness. We also found a reduction in the neural activation in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex during decision-making under sunk costs for the GD group compared with the HC group. Furthermore, in patients with GD, the levels of activation in this area negatively correlated with the duration of illness. These findings have important clinical implications. This study will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying altered decision-making abilities in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Fujino
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan
| | - Ryosaku Kawada
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tsurumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takeuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuro Murao
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ariyoshi Takemura
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shisei Tei
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan; Institute of Applied Brain Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan; School of Human and Social Sciences, Tokyo International University, 2509 Matoba, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1198, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaracho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan.
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25
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Oinio V, Sundström M, Bäckström P, Uhari-Väänänen J, Kiianmaa K, Raasmaja A, Piepponen P. Amphetamine primes enhanced motivation toward uncertain choices in rats with genetic alcohol preference. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1361-70. [PMID: 29427080 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Comorbidity with gambling disorder (GD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is well documented. OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to examine the influence of genetic alcohol drinking tendency on reward-guided decision making behavior of rats and the impact of dopamine releaser D-amphetamine on this behavior. METHODS In this study, Alko alcohol (AA) and Wistar rats went through long periods of operant lever pressing training where the task was to choose the profitable of two options. The lever choices were guided by different-sized sucrose rewards (one or three pellets), and the probability of gaining the larger reward was slowly changed to a level where choosing the smaller reward would be the most profitable in the long run. After training, rats were injected (s.c.) with dopamine releaser D-amphetamine (0.3, 1.0 mg/kg) to study the impact of rapid dopamine release on this learned decision making behavior. RESULTS Administration of D-amphetamine promoted unprofitable decision making of AA rats more robustly when compared to Wistar rats. At the same time, D-amphetamine reduced lever pressing responses. Interestingly, we found that this reduction in lever pressing was significantly greater in Wistar rats than in AA rats and it was not linked to motivation to consume sucrose. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that conditioning to the lever pressing in uncertain environments is more pronounced in AA than in Wistar rats and indicate that the reinforcing effects of a gambling-like environment act as a stronger conditioning factor for rats that exhibit a genetic tendency for high alcohol drinking.
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26
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Mestre-Bach G, Steward T, Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Talón-Navarro MT, Cuquerella À, Baño M, Moragas L, del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Aymamí N, Gómez-Peña M, Mallorquí-Bagué N, Vintró-Alcaraz C, Magaña P, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S. Gambling and Impulsivity Traits: A Recipe for Criminal Behavior? Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:6. [PMID: 29434553 PMCID: PMC5796889 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambling disorder (GD) is a psychiatric condition that was recently recategorized as a non-substance-related addiction in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders. Criminal activity is commonly associated with gambling; however, few empirical studies to date have examined sociodemographic and psychological variables in this population. In this study, we explored criminal behavior history in a sample of consecutively recruited treatment-seeking gamblers (n = 382) and compared subjects with a history of illegal acts (n = 103, 26.9%) to those with no criminal record (n = 279, 73.1%). Impulsivity and personality traits were specifically explored, along with other gambling-related severity factors. We found that gamblers who engaged in illegal activity were more likely to endorse high levels of urgency (i.e., the tendency to act out when experiencing heightened emotional states) and increased lack of premeditation. Gamblers with a history of criminal behavior also had greater GD severity levels and gambling-related debts. Additionally, these gamblers reported lower levels of self-directedness, which is characterized by difficulty in establishing and redirecting behavior toward one's goals. Likewise, gamblers who had conducted criminal acts showed a tendency to engage in greater risk-taking behavior. These results shed new light on this understudied population and provide insights for developing targeted harm-prevention interventions and treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Mestre-Bach
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department de Psicobiologia i Metodologia, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Àngel Cuquerella
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Baño
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Nursing Department of Mental Health, Public Health, Maternal and Child Health, Nursing School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Aymamí
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Mallorquí-Bagué
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Magaña
- Department of Law, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Menchón
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Pathological Gambling Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Mann K, Leménager T, Kiefer F, Fauth-bühler M. Pathological Gambling, Impulse Control Disorder or Behavioural Addiction: What do the Data Indicate? Eur Psychiatry 2017; 41:S25-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe reclassification of PG as an addictive disorder is under debate for ICD-11. Data on psychiatric comorbidity and family history might provide the basis for a well-informed decision.MethodsWe compared 515 male pathological gamblers from inpatient treatment units with 269 matched controls. Patients were diagnosed by experienced clinicians. In a random sample of 58 patients clinical diagnoses were validated through SKID 1 interviews [1].Results88% had a comorbid diagnosis of substance dependence (nicotine dependence 80%, alcohol dependence 28%). Only 1% of the gamblers had an impulse control disorder diagnosis. Compared with controls first degree relatives were more likely to suffer from alcohol dependence (27.0% vs. 7.4%), PG (8.3% vs. 0.7%) and suicide attempts (2.7% vs. 0.4%).ConclusionsIn addition to recent papers on the neurobiology (Fauth-Bühler et al., 2016) and genetics of gambling [2,3], our findings support the classification of PG as behavioural addiction in the ICD-11 [4].Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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28
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New: The European Addiction Research Award. Eur Addict Res 2017; 23:312-3. [PMID: 29339656 DOI: 10.1159/000485731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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