Inhibitory effect of Ginkgo biloba seeds peptides on methylglyoxal-induced glycations

Advances of nanoparticle derived from food in the control of α-dicarbonyl compounds-A review

α-Dicarbonyl compounds (α-DCs) are predominantly generated through the thermal processing of carbohydrate and protein-rich food. They are pivotal precursors to hazard formation, such as advanced glycation end products (AGEs), acrylamide, and furan. Their accumulation within the body will be genotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Recently, significant advancements have been made in nanotechnology, leading to the widespread utilization of nanomaterials as functional components in addressing the detrimental impact of α-DCs. This review focuses on the control of α-DCs through the utilization of nanoparticle-based functional factors, which were prepared by using edible components as resources. Four emerging nanoparticles are introduced including phenolic compounds-derived nanoparticle, plant-derived nanoparticle, active peptides-derived nanoparticle, and functional minerals-derived nanoparticle. The general control mechanisms as well as the recent evidence pertaining to the aforementioned aspects were also discussed, hoping to valuable helpful references for the development of innovative α-DCs scavengers and identifying the further scope of research.

Potential inhibitory effect of highland barley protein hydrolysates on the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs): A mechanism study

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can be caused during a glycoxidation reaction. This reaction is associated with complications of diabetes and the consequences of health problems. Therefore, we are exploring the prohibitory effect of highland barley protein hydrolysates (HBPHs) on AGE formation. Herein, first extracted the protein from highland barley with various pH conditions and then hydrolyzed using four different proteolytic enzymes (flavourzyme, trypsin, papain, pepsin) under different degrees of hydrolysis. We assessed three degrees of hydrolysates (lowest, middle, highest) of enzymes used to characterize the antioxidant activity and physicochemical properties. Among all the hydrolysates, flavourzyme-treated hydrolysates F-1, F-2, and F-3 indicated the high ability to scavenge DPPH (IC50 values of 0.97 %, 0.63 %, and 0.90 %), structural and functional properties. Finally, the inhibitory effect of the most active hydrolysates F-1, F-2, and F-3 against the AGEs formation was evaluated in multiple glucose-glycated bovine serum albumin (BSA) systems. Additionally, in a BSA system, F-3 exhibited the strong antiglycation activity, effectively suppressed the non-fluorescent AGE (CML), and the fructosamine level. Moreover, it decreased carbonyl compounds while also preventing the loss of thiol groups. Our results would be beneficial in the application of the food industry as a potential antiglycation agent for several chronic diseases.

Alkali-Induced Phenolic Acid Oxidation Enhanced Gelation of Ginkgo Seed Protein

The effect of alkali-induced oxidation of three phenolic acids, namely gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, and tannic acid, on the structure and gelation of ginkgo seed protein isolate (GSPI) was investigated. A mixture of 12% (w/v) GSPI and different concentrations of alkali-treated phenolic acids (0, 0.06, 0.24, and 0.48% w/w) were heated at 90 °C, pH 6.0, for 30 min to form composite gels. The phenolic treatment decreased the hydrophobicity of the GSPI sol while enhancing their rheological properties. Despite a reduced protein solubility, water holding capacity, stiffness, and viscoelasticity of the gels were improved by the treatments. Among them, the modification effect of 0.24% (w/v) EGCG was the most prominent. Through the analysis of microstructure and composition, it was found to be due to the covalent addition, disulfide bond formation, etc., between the quinone derivatives of phenolic acids and the side chains of nucleophilic amino acids. Phenolic acid modification of GSPI may be a potential ingredient strategy in its processing.

Quercetin ameliorates hepatic fat accumulation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice via PPARs

As a natural pigment in food, quercetin possesses multiple biological activities and plays a crucial role in regulating metabolic syndrome. Herein, we aim to explore the potential mechanism of quercetin to ameliorate hepatic fat accumulation. In vivo experiments showed that quercetin significantly relieved inflammation response by decreasing the serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels and also improved high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis without other organ injuries. Quercetin can effectively reduce lipid aggregation and down-regulate the protein expression of PCK1 in HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid and palmitic acid, indicating that inhibiting gluconeogenesis leads to hepatic fat accumulation reduction. Furthermore, molecular docking results suggested that quercetin can bind to both PPARα and PPARγ, with an even more potent binding affinity than indeglitazar, a pan-agonist of PPARs. In conclusion, quercetin may regulate gluconeogenesis to ameliorate hepatic fat accumulation via targeting PPARα/γ.