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Wen Y, Li Z, Ning Y, Yan Y, Li Z, Wang N, Wang H. Portable Raman spectroscopy coupled with PLSR analysis for monitoring and predicting of the quality of fresh-cut Chinese yam at different storage temperatures. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 310:123956. [PMID: 38301571 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Portable Raman spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares regression (PLSR) model was performed for monitoring and predicting four quality indicators, moisture content, water activity, polysaccharide content and microbial content of the fresh-cut Chinese yam at different storage temperatures. The variations in the four key indicators were first depicted through a spider web diagram as the storage temperature changed. More importantly, the four key indicators can be accurately monitored and predicted through optimized PLSR models combining with Raman spectroscopy. Among all of the PLSR models for the four indicators, the regression model for moisture content was relatively the best. In addition, storage temperature played a significant role on the model performance of PLSR. The model performance for all indicators at room temperature and high temperature was better than the corresponding PLSR models at refrigeration and freezing conditions. Especially at 25 ℃, the R2 in the calibration set basically reached 0.9. These observations indicated that portable Raman spectroscopy, a simple and easy-to-use detection technique, can monitor and predict the multiple quality indicators of fresh-cut Chinese yam combined with effectively PLSR model, which would be conducive to their applications in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqing Wen
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Green Pharmaceuticals for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhiyao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Green Pharmaceuticals for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Ning
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Green Pharmaceuticals for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yueling Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Green Pharmaceuticals for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Green Pharmaceuticals for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Green Pharmaceuticals for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Haixia Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Green Pharmaceuticals for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Zhang Z, Chen L, Zhang X, Li Q. Prediction of the Potential Distributions of Prunus salicina Lindl., Monilinia fructicola, and Their Overlap in China Using MaxEnt. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9. [PMID: 36836304 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prunus salicina Lindl. (P. salicina) is an essential cash crop in China, and brown rot (BR) is one of its most important diseases. In this study, we collected geographic location information on P. salicina and Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey (M. fructicola), one of the BR pathogenic species, and applied the MaxEnt model to simulate its potential suitable distribution in China. There have been discussions about the dominant environmental variables restricting its geographical distribution and their overlap. The results showed that the mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of the warmest quarter, precipitation in July, and minimum temperatures in January and November were the main climatic variables affecting the potential distribution of P. salicina, while the coldest quarter, precipitation of the driest month, precipitation of March, precipitation of October, maximum temperatures of February, October, and November, and minimum temperature of January were related to the location of M. fructicola. Southern China had suitable conditions for both P. salicina and M. fructicola. Notably, the overlap area of P. salicina and M. fructicola was primarily located southeast of 91°48' E 27°38' N to 126°47' E 41°45' N. The potential overlap area predicted by our research provided theoretical evidence for the prevention of BR during plum planting.
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Casagrande E, Génard M, Lurol S, Charles F, Bevacqua D, Martinetti D, Lescourret F. Brown Rot Disease in Stored Nectarines: Modeling the Combined Effects of Preharvest and Storage Conditions. Phytopathology 2022; 112:1575-1583. [PMID: 35113670 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-21-0499-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brown rot in stored stone fruits, caused by Monilinia spp., may be due to preharvest and storage factors, but the combined effect of these factors has yet to be investigated. We set up two experiments to monitor the progression of brown rot during the storage of nectarines subjected to various preharvest and storage conditions. We assessed the effects of different agricultural practices (irrigation regimen × fruit load) and harvest dates on brown rot progress during storage in 2018 and the effect of different storage temperatures in 2019. We found that the cumulative incidence of brown rot during storage increased with individual fruit mass, which was influenced by agricultural practices, and for later harvest dates. It also increased with storage temperature. We observed that during storage no secondary infections developed in nectarines not in direct contact with fruits infected with Monilinia laxa. These findings led to the identification of candidate variables describing the brown rot risk on nectarines during storage, such as individual fruit mass, meteorological conditions before fruit harvest, prevalence of brown rot at harvest, and storage temperature. We used these variables to build a mathematical model for estimating the time-to-appearance of brown rot symptoms in stored nectarines. This model fitted the experimental data well, highlighting the need to pay greater attention to the interaction between preharvest and storage conditions. This model could be used to evaluate management strategies for reducing the impact of brown rot in nectarines during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Casagrande
- Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes, 13210 Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France
- UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, INRAE, 84914 Avignon Cedex, France
| | - Michel Génard
- UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, INRAE, 84914 Avignon Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Lurol
- Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes, 13210 Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France
| | - Florence Charles
- UMR Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniele Bevacqua
- UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, INRAE, 84914 Avignon Cedex, France
| | - Davide Martinetti
- UR 546 Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux, INRAE, 84914 Avignon Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Lescourret
- UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, INRAE, 84914 Avignon Cedex, France
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Mustafa MH, Bassi D, Corre M, Lino LO, Signoret V, Quilot-turion B, Cirilli M. Phenotyping Brown Rot Susceptibility in Stone Fruit: A Literature Review with Emphasis on Peach. Horticulturae 2021; 7:115. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7050115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant disease phenotyping methodologies can vary considerably among testers and often suffer from shortcomings in their procedures and applications. This has been an important challenge in resistance breeding to brown rot, one of the most severe pre-and postharvest stone fruit diseases caused by Monilinia spp. Literature about methodologies for evaluating stone fruit susceptibility to brown rot is abundant but displays significant variations across the described approaches, limiting the ability to compare results from different studies. This is despite the fact that authors largely agree on the main factors influencing brown rot development, such as Monilinia inocula, environmental conditions, cultivars, fruit stage, and management practices. The present review first discusses ways to control or at least account for major factors affecting brown rot phenotyping studies. The second section describes in detail the different steps of fruit infection assays, comparing different protocols available in the literature with the objective of highlighting best practices and further improvement of phenotyping for brown rot susceptibility. Finally, experimental results from multi-year evaluation trials are also reported, highlighting year-to-year variability and exploring correlations of evaluation outcomes among years and assay types, suggesting that choice of phenotyping methodology must be carefully considered in breeding programs.
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Fu W, da Silva Linge C, Gasic K. Genome-Wide Association Study of Brown Rot ( Monilinia spp.) Tolerance in Peach. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:635914. [PMID: 33790926 PMCID: PMC8006439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brown rot, caused by Monilinia spp., is one of the most important diseases on stone fruit worldwide. Severe yield loss can be caused by pre- and post-harvest fruit decay. Although some degree of tolerance has been reported in peach and almond, the genetic resistance in peach cultivars is still lacking. To date, only few genomic regions associated with brown rot response in fruit skin and flesh have been detected in peach. Previous studies suggested brown rot tolerance in peach being a polygenic quantitative trait. More information is needed to uncover the genetics behind brown rot tolerance in peach. To identify the genomic regions in peach associated with this trait, 26 cultivars and progeny from 9 crosses with 'Bolinha' sources of tolerance, were phenotyped across two seasons (2015 and 2016) for brown rot disease severity index in wounded and non-wounded fruits and genotyped using a newly developed 9+9K peach SNP array. Genome wide association study using single- and multi-locus methods by GAPIT version 3, mrMLM 4.0, GAPIT and G Model, revealed 14 reliable SNPs significantly associated with brown rot infection responses in peach skin (10) and flesh (4) across whole genome except for chromosome 3. Candidate gene analysis within the haplotype regions of the detected markers identified 25 predicted genes associated with pathogen infection response/resistance. Results presented here facilitate further understanding of genetics behind brown rot tolerance in peach and provide an important foundation for DNA-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ksenija Gasic
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
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Garcia-Benitez C, Casals C, Usall J, Sánchez-Ramos I, Melgarejo P, De Cal A. Impact of Postharvest Handling on Preharvest Latent Infections Caused by Monilinia spp. in Nectarines. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E266. [PMID: 33158017 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent infections caused by Monilinia spp. in nectarines cause great economic losses since they are not detected and rejected at harvest and can appear at any time post-harvest, even at the consumer’s home. The effect of a pre-cooling chamber, water dump operation, and cold-storage chamber on the activation and/or development of preharvest latent infections caused by Monilinia spp. on nectarines were studied under different postharvest conditions: (a) cold storage for 0, 1, or 3 d at 4 °C at either 75% relative humidity (RH) or 100% RH before water dumping, (b) water dumping for 10 minutes at 15 °C, and (c) cold storage for 0, 3, or 10 d at 4 °C at either 75% RH or 100% RH after water dumping. These storage conditions were transformed to fungal physiological time. For visualization of the latent infections caused by Monilinia spp., the nectarines were placed in sterile paper bags and frozen at −20 °C for 48 h in order to damage the epidermis. To compare different handling scenarios, the incidence of latent infection was modelled for physiological time description by a modified Gompertz model. The activation and/or development of preharvest natural latent infections caused by Monilinia spp. at postharvest was mainly related to temperature and incubation time at postharvest. Storing nectarines with any postharvest handling less than 11 days at 4 °C avoids brown rot symptoms and reduced the activation and/or development of pre-harvest latent infections caused by Monilinia spp., while more cold days caused the exponential phase of latent infection activation and/or development. The Gompertz model employed could be used for predicting the activation and/or development of latent infection caused by Monilinia spp. at postharvest conditions and looks at the postharvest life. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the effects of post-harvest handling on latent infections in fruit have been studied.
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Vall-Llaura N, Giné-Bordonaba J, Usall J, Larrigaudière C, Teixidó N, Torres R. Ethylene biosynthesis and response factors are differentially modulated during the interaction of peach petals with Monilinia laxa or Monilinia fructicola. Plant Sci 2020; 299:110599. [PMID: 32900437 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monilinia spp. may infect stone fruit at any growth stage, although susceptibility to brown rot depends on both host properties and climatological conditions. This said, no studies deciphering the host response in the interaction between peach blossoms and Monilinia spp. are yet available. This study presents an in-depth characterization of the role of ethylene in the interaction of 'Merrill O'Henry' peach petals (Prunus persica (L.) Batch) with Monilinia laxa and M. fructicola. We investigated the physiological responses of the host and the fungi to the application of ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) as well as the molecular patterns associated with the biosynthetic and ethylene-dependent responses during the interaction of both Monilinia species with the host. The incidence of both species was differentially affected by 1-MCP and ethylene; M. laxa was favoured by the enhanced host ethylene production associated with the treatments whereas M. fructicola reduced its infection capacity. Such differences were host-dependent as treatments did not affect growth or colony morphology of Monilinia spp. Besides, host ethylene production was altered in M. laxa inoculated petals, either by the fungus or the host itself. Molecular analysis revealed some important ERFs that could be involved in the different ability of both species to activate a cascade response of peach petals against these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Vall-Llaura
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Josep Usall
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Christian Larrigaudière
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Neus Teixidó
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Rosario Torres
- XaRTA-Postharvest, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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Jo Y, Back CG, Choi H, Cho WK. Comparative Microbiome Study of Mummified Peach Fruits by Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9081052. [PMID: 32824817 PMCID: PMC7464454 DOI: 10.3390/plants9081052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dried peach fruits clinging to peach trees or lying on the ground nearby are known as mummified peach fruits. Here, we examined the microbiome communities of three different mummified peach fruits from the nectarine cultivar "Hahong" by DNA- and RNA-sequencing. We found the dominance of Monilinia fructigena followed by Sclerotinia borealis, S. sclerotiorum, and Botrytis cinerea in the mummified peach fruits. Moreover, we found a high number of Proteobacteria, including Frateuria aurantia, Neoasaia chiangmaiensis, Robbsia andropogonis, and Ewingella Americana. Furthermore, we identified several viruses and viroids. Bacteriophages were identified by DNA- and RNA-sequencing, while viruses and viroids with RNA genomes were identified by only RNA-sequencing. Moreover, we identified a novel mycovirus referred to as Monilinia umbra-like virus 1 (MULV1) from M. fructigena. Our results revealed the co-inhabitance of fungi and bacteria in the mummified peach fruits, although dominant microorganisms were present. RNA-sequencing revealed that several fungal and bacterial genes were actively transcribed. Comparative analyses suggested that RNA-sequencing provides more detailed information on microbial communities; however, combining DNA- and RNA-sequencing results increased the diversity of microorganisms, suggesting the importance of databases and analysis tools for microbiome studies. Taken together, our study provides a comprehensive overview of microbial communities in mummified peach fruits by DNA shotgun sequencing and RNA-sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhwa Jo
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.J.); (H.C.)
| | - Chang-Gi Back
- Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Hoseong Choi
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.J.); (H.C.)
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Won Kyong Cho
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.J.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-4687
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Bernat M, Segarra J, Casals C, Teixidó N, Torres R, Usall J. Relevance of the main postharvest handling operations on the development of brown rot disease on stone fruits. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:5319-5326. [PMID: 28485472 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown rot caused by Monilinia spp. is one of the most important postharvest diseases of stone fruit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relevance of the main postharvest operations of fruit - hydrocooling, cold room, water dump, sorting and cooling tunnel - in the development of M. laxa on peaches and nectarines artificially infected 48, 24 or 2 h before postharvest operations. RESULTS Commercial hydrocooling operation reduced incidence to 10% in 'Pp 100' nectarine inoculated 2 and 24 h before this operation; however, in 'Fantasia' nectarine incidence was not reduced, although lesion diameter was decreased in all studied varieties. Hydrocooling operation for 10 min and 40 mg L-1 of sodium hypochlorite reduced brown rot incidence by 50-77% in nectarines inoculated 2 h before operation; however, in peach varieties it was not reduced. Water dump operation showed reduction of incidence on nectarine infected 2 h before immersion for 30 s in clean water at 4 °C and 40 mg L-1 sodium hypochlorite; however, in peach varieties it was not reduced. Cold room, sorting and cooling tunnel operation did not reduce brown rot incidence. CONCLUSION From all studied handling operations on stone fruit packing houses, hydrocooling is the most relevant in the development of brown rot disease. Duration of the treatment seems to be more important than chlorine concentration. In addition, hydrocooling and water dump were less relevant in peaches than in nectarines. As a general trend, hydrocooling and water dump reduced incidence on fruit with recent infections (2 or 24 h before operation); however, when infections have been established (48 h before operation) diseases were not reduced. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bernat
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Segarra
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carla Casals
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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