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Lim HE, Song YB, Choi HW, Lee BH. α-Glucan-type exopolysaccharides with varied linkage patterns: Mitigating post-prandial glucose spike and prolonging the glycemic response. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121898. [PMID: 38388043 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are traditionally known as prebiotics that foster colon health by serving as microbiota nutrients, while remaining undigested in the small intestine. However, recent findings suggest that α-glucan structures in EPS, with their varied α-linkage types, can be hydrolyzed by mammalian α-glucosidases at differing rates. This study explores α-glucan-type EPSs, including dextran, alternan, and reuteran, assessing their digestive properties both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, while fungal amyloglucosidase - a common in vitro tool for carbohydrate digestibility analysis - shows limited efficacy in breaking down these structures, mammalian intestinal α-glucosidases can partially degrade them into glucose, albeit slowly. In vivo experiments with mice revealed that various EPSs elicited a significantly lower glycemic response (p < 0.05) than glucose, indicating their nature as carbohydrates that are digested slowly. This leads to the conclusion that different α-glucan-type EPSs may serve as ingredients that attenuate post-prandial glycemic responses. Furthermore, rather than serving as mere dietary fibers, they hold the potential for blood glucose regulation, offering new avenues for managing obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and other related-chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Eun Lim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bo Song
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Choi
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Shim YE, Song YB, Yoo SH, Lee BH. Production of highly branched α-limit dextrins with enhanced slow digestibility by various glycogen-branching enzymes. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 310:120730. [PMID: 36925263 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
α-Limit dextrins (α-LDx) are slowly digestible carbohydrates that attenuate postprandial glycemic response and trigger the secretion of satiety-related hormones. In this study, more highly branched α-LDx were enzymatically synthesized to enhance the slowly digestible property by various origins of glycogen branching enzyme (GBE), which catalyzes the transglycosylation to form α-1,6 branching points after cleaving α-1,4 linkages. Results showed that the proportion of branched α-LDx in starch molecules increased around 2.2-8.1 % compared to α-LDx from starch without GBE treatment as the ratio of α-1,6 linkages increased after different types of GBE treatments. Furthermore, the enzymatic increment of branching points enhanced the slowly digestible properties of α-LDx at the mammalian α-glucosidase level by 17.3-28.5 %, although the rates of glucose generation were different depending on the source of GBE treatment. Thus, the highly branched α-LDx with a higher amount of α-1,6 linkages and a higher molecular weight can be applied as a functional ingredient to deliver glucose throughout the entire small intestine without a glycemic spike which has the potential to control metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Eun Shim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; Core-Facility for Bionano Materials, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bo Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Ryu HJ, Song YB, Choi W, Yoo SH, Lee BH. Macromolecular α-glucans with α-1,3/α-1,4 branching structures produced using dual glycosyltransferases: Elucidation of physicochemical and slowly digestible properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124921. [PMID: 37201882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea (NpAS) produces the linear amylose-like α-glucans by the elongation property from sucrose, and 4,3-α-glucanotransferase from Lactobacillus fermentum NCC 2970 (4,3-αGT) newly synthesizes the α-1,3 linkages after cleaving the α-1,4 linkages by the glycosyltransferring property. This study focused on the synthesis of high molecular α-1,3/α-1,4-linked glucans by combining NpAS and 4,3-αGT and analyzed their structural and digestive properties. The enzymatically synthesized α-glucans have a molecular weight of >1.6 × 107 g mol-1, and the α-4,3 branching ratios on the structures increased as the amount of 4,3-αGT increased. The synthesized α-glucans were hydrolyzed to linear maltooligosaccharides and α-4,3 branched α-limit dextrins (α-LDx) by human pancreatic α-amylase, and the amounts of produced α-LDx were increased depending on the ratio of synthesized α-1,3 linkages. In addition, approximately 80 % of the synthesized products were partially hydrolyzed by mammalian α-glucosidases, and the glucose generation rates decelerated as the amounts of α-1,3 linkages increased. In conclusion, new types of α-glucans with α-1,4 and α-1,3 linkages were successfully synthesized by a dual enzyme reaction. These can be utilized as slowly digestible and prebiotic ingredients in the gastrointestinal tract due to their novel linkage patterns and high molecular weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Ryu
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bo Song
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonkyun Choi
- LMO Team, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon 33657, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Um HE, Park BR, Kim YM, Lee BH. Slow digestion properties of long-sized isomaltooligosaccharides synthesized by a transglucosidase from Thermoanaerobacter thermocopriae. Food Chem 2023; 417:135892. [PMID: 36933421 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) are widely used as prebiotic ingredients that promote colon health; however, recent studies revealed that these are slowly hydrolyzed to glucose within the small intestine. Here, novel α-glucans with a higher number of α-1,6 linkages were synthesized from maltodextrins using the Thermoanaerobacter thermocopriae-derived transglucosidase (TtTG) to decrease susceptibility to hydrolysis and improve slow digestion properties. The synthesized long-sized IMOs (l-IMOs; 70.1% of α-1,6 linkages), comprising 10-12 glucosyl units, exhibited slow hydrolysis to glucose when compared to commercial IMOs under treatment with mammalian α-glucosidase level. In male mice, the ingestion of l-IMOs significantly decreased the post-prandial glycemic response compared to other samples (p < 0.05). Therefore, enzymatically synthesized l-IMOs can be applied as functional ingredients for the modulation of blood glucose homeostasis in obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Eun Um
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Park
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Yuan Q, Lv K, Huang J, Sun S, Fang Z, Tan H, Li H, Chen D, Zhao L, Gao C, Liu Y. Simulated digestion, dynamic changes during fecal fermentation and effects on gut microbiota of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. fruit non-starch polysaccharides. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100475. [PMID: 36263243 PMCID: PMC9574768 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Avicennia marina fruit non-starch polysaccharides (AMFPs) were obtained and analyzed. Dynamic changes of AMFPs during simulated digestion and fermentation were revealed. AMFPs were not digested by the digestive juice but were utilized by gut microbiota. Beneficial microbiota, such as Mistuokella, and Prevotella were obviously increased. Harmful bacteria were obviously inhibited and SCFA levels were obviously promoted.
Grey mangrove (Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.) fruit is a traditional folk medicine and health food consumed in many countries. In this study, its polysaccharides (AMFPs) were obtained and analyzed by chemical and instrumental methods, with the results indicating that AMFPs consisted of galactose, galacturonic acid, arabinose, and rhamnose in a molar ratio of 4.99:3.15:5.38:1.15. The dynamic changes in AMFPs during the digestion and fecal fermentation processes were then investigated. The results confirmed that AMFPs were not depolymerized by gastric acid and various digestive enzymes. During fermentation, 56.05 % of the AMFPs were utilized by gut microbiota. Galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose from AMFPs, were mostly consumed by gut microbiota. AMFPs obviously decreased harmful bacteria and increased some beneficial microbiota, including Megasphaera, Mistuokella, Prevotella, and Megamonas. Furthermore, AMFPs obviously increased the levels of various short-chain fatty acids. These findings suggest that AMFPs have potential prebiotic applications for improving gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Yuan
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Kunling Lv
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China,College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinwen Huang
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Shujing Sun
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Ziyu Fang
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongjie Tan
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longyan Zhao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Chenghai Gao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi, China,Corresponding authors.
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Kong H, Yu L, Li C, Ban X, Gu Z, Li Z. Short-Clustered Maltodextrin Activates Ileal Glucose-Sensing and Induces Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Secretion to Ameliorate Glucose Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:12604-12619. [PMID: 36125960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reconstructing molecular structure is an effective approach to attenuating glycemic response to starch. Previously, we rearranged α-1,4 and α-1,6-glycosidic bonds in starch molecules to produce short-clustered maltodextrin (SCMD). The present study revealed that SCMD slowly released glucose until the distal ileum. The activated ileal glucose-sensing enabled SCMD to be a potent inducer for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Furthermore, SCMD was found feasible to serve as the dominant dietary carbohydrate to rescue mice from diabetes. Interestingly, a mixture of normal maltodextrin and resistant dextrin (MD+RD), although it caused an attenuated glycemic response similar to that of SCMD, failed to ameliorate glucose homeostasis because it hardly induced GLP-1 secretion. The serum GLP-1 levels seen in MD+RD-fed mice (5.25 ± 1.51 pmol/L) were significantly lower than those seen in SCMD-fed mice (8.25 ± 2.01 pmol/L, p < 0.05). Further investigation revealed that the beneficial effects of SCMD could be abolished by a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) antagonist. These results identify GLP-1R signaling as a critical contributor to SCMD-exerted health benefits and highlight the role of ileal glucose-sensing in designing dietary carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocun Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Luxi Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Caiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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7
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Ryu JJ, Li X, Lee ES, Li D, Lee BH. Slowly digestible property of highly branched α-limit dextrins produced by 4,6-α-glucanotransferase from Streptococcus thermophilus evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118685. [PMID: 34742415 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Starch molecules are first degraded to slowly digestible α-limit dextrins (α-LDx) and rapidly hydrolyzable linear malto-oligosaccharides (LMOs) by salivary and pancreatic α-amylases. In this study, we designed a slowly digestible highly branched α-LDx with maximized α-1,6 linkages using 4,6-α-glucanotransferase (4,6-αGT), which creates a short length of α-1,4 side chains with increasing branching points. The results showed that a short length of external chains mainly composed of 1-8 glucosyl units was newly synthesized in different amylose contents of corn starches, and the α-1,6 linkage ratio of branched α-LDx after the chromatographical purification was significantly increased from 4.6% to 22.1%. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that enzymatically modified α-LDx had improved slowly digestible properties and extended glycemic responses. Therefore, 4,6-αGT treatment enhanced the slowly digestible properties of highly branched α-LDx and promises usefulness as a functional ingredient to attenuate postprandial glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Jin Ryu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Technology at Jilin Provincial Universities, Education Department of Jilin Provincial Government, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Eun-Sook Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Technology at Jilin Provincial Universities, Education Department of Jilin Provincial Government, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Lim J, Ferruzzi MG, Hamaker BR. Dietary starch is weight reducing when distally digested in the small intestine. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118599. [PMID: 34560999 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, carbohydrate-based foods have a negative consumer connotation and low carb diets have become a popular way to lose weight. Here, we show how digestible starch and flavonoids can be used as a dietary approach to manage food intake and weight gain through elevation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion for gut-brain axis communication. This was achieved by extending the digestion of cooked starch to the distal small intestine using luteolin or quercetin as α-amylase-specific inhibitors with competitive inhibition mechanism. In a mouse model, extended and complete digestion produced a signature blunted glycemic profile that induced elevation of GLP-1 and positive regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides with significantly reduced food intake and weight gain (p < 0.05). These findings represent a shift in paradigm of dietary carbohydrates from weight increasing to reducing, and have implications for industry and public health related to the design of carbohydrate-based foods/ingredients for managing obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbin Lim
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Korompokis K, Verbeke K, Delcour JA. Structural factors governing starch digestion and glycemic responses and how they can be modified by enzymatic approaches: A review and a guide. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5965-5991. [PMID: 34601805 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Starch is the most abundant glycemic carbohydrate in the human diet. Consumption of starch-rich food products that elicit high glycemic responses has been linked to the occurrence of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type II. Understanding the structural features that govern starch digestibility is a prerequisite for developing strategies to mitigate any negative health implications it may have. Here, we review the aspects of the fine molecular structure that in native, gelatinized, and gelled/retrograded starch directly impact its digestibility and thus human health. We next provide an informed guidance for lowering its digestibility by using specific enzymes tailoring its molecular and three-dimensional supramolecular structure. We finally discuss in vivo studies of the glycemic responses to enzymatically modified starches and relevant food applications. Overall, structure-digestibility relationships provide opportunities for targeted modification of starch during food production and improving the nutritional profile of starchy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Korompokis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristin Verbeke
- Translational Research Center in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan A Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Yang F, Wang J, Zhang H, Xie Y, Jin J, Liu H, Pang X, Hao H. Hypoglycemic effects of space-induced Lactobacillus plantarum SS18-5 on type 2 diabetes in a rat model. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13899. [PMID: 34396541 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics can improve dyslipidemia and promote metabolic control as a therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The hypoglycemic effects of space-induced Lactobacillus plantarum SS18-5 on T2DM were explored in 4-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats. The normal (N) group was fed a basal diet, while the other groups received a high glucose fat diet. T2DM was established by streptozotocin injection and the T2DM rats were randomly divided into three groups, a diabetic (D) group (T2DM rats treated with saline only), GS18 group (T2DM rats treated with 109 CFU/ml of L. plantarum GS18), and SS18-5 group (T2DM rats treated with 109 CFU/ml of L. plantarum SS18-5). After continuous gavage for 6 weeks, blood biochemical indices were measured and livers were collected for histopathological examination. The colon contents were collected for counting of Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, and Lactobacillus sp. The results showed that L. plantarum SS18-5 effectively controlled the weight of rats, reduced levels of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and insulin, increased liver glycogen levels, improved abnormal metabolism of blood lipids, enhanced the effect of anti-lipid peroxidation, alleviated chronic inflammation and fatty liver disease, and regulated the intestinal microbiota by reducing the numbers of E. coli and C. perfringens, and increasing the numbers of Lactobacillus sp. From these results, we conclude that space-induced L. plantarum SS18-5 has the potential to improve T2DM by alleviating hypoglycemia and regulating the intestinal microbiota. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: With the exploration of the universe, a large number of studies have observed the changes of microorganisms in space flight, which provided a new method for high-quality microbial pharmaceuticals in the space environment. In this study, the space environment mutated. Lactobacillus plantarum SS18-5 can effectively improve the blood glucose of rats with type 2 diabetes, relieve oxidative stress, reduce blood lipid content, enhance immune capacity, and regulate intestinal microflora, which has potential use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Yang
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Fullarton Bioengineering Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyu Wang
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhong Xie
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Jin
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Pang
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Hao
- Fullarton Bioengineering Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
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