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Long J, Xu Y, Zhang X, Wu B, Wang C. Role of FXR in the development of NAFLD and intervention strategies of small molecules. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 757:110024. [PMID: 38703803 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains a prevailing etiological agent behind hepatocyte diseases like chronic liver disease. The spectrum of processes involved in NAFLD stages includes hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Without intervention, the progression of NASH can further deteriorate into cirrhosis and ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma. The cardinal features that characterize NAFLD are insulin resistance, lipogenesis, oxidative stress and inflammation, extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis. Due to its complex pathogenesis, existing pharmaceutical agents fail to take a curative or ameliorative effect on NAFLD. Consequently, it is imperative to identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies for NAFLD, ideally to improve the aforementioned key features in patients. As an enterohepatic regulator of bile acid homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, FarnesoidX receptor (FXR) is an important pharmacological target for the treatment of NAFLD. Manipulating FXR to regulate lipid metabolic signaling pathways is a potential mechanism to mitigate NAFLD. Therefore, elucidating the modulatory character of FXR in regulating lipid metabolism in NAFLD has the potential to yield groundbreaking perspectives for drug design. This review details recent advances in the regulation of lipid depletion in hepatocytes and investigates the pivotal function of FXR in the progress of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanhang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xuerong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bingxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Caiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Choi JW, Jo SW, Kim DE, Paik IY, Balakrishnan R. Aerobic exercise attenuates LPS-induced cognitive dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress, glial activation, and neuroinflammation. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103101. [PMID: 38408409 PMCID: PMC10904279 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has been considered an important non-medication intervention in preserving mnemonic processes during aging. However, how aerobic exercise promotes such benefits for human health remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of aerobic exercise against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced amnesic C57BL/6J mice and BV-2 microglial cell models. In the in vivo experiment, the aerobic exercise training groups were allowed to run on a motorized treadmill 5 days/week for 4 weeks at a speed of 10 rpm/min, with LPS (0.1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally injected once a week for 4 weeks. We found that aerobic exercise ameliorated memory impairment and cognitive deficits among the amnesic mice. Correspondingly, aerobic exercise significantly increased the protein expressions of FNDC5, which activates target neuroprotective markers BDNF and CREB, and antioxidant markers Nrf2/HO-1, leading to inhibiting microglial-mediated neuroinflammation and reduced the expression of BACE-1 in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of amnesic mice. We estimated that aerobic exercise inhibited neuroinflammation in part through the action of FNDC5/irisin on microglial cells. Therefore, we explored the anti-inflammatory effects of irisin on LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. In the in vitro experiment, irisin treatment blocked NF-κB/MAPK/IRF3 signaling activation concomitantly with the significantly lowered levels of the LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 elevations and promotes the Nrf2/HO-1 expression in the LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Together, our findings suggest that aerobic exercise can improve the spatial learning ability and cognitive functions of LPS-treated mice by inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation through its effect on the expression of BDNF/FNDC5/irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Jo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Dae-Eun Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Il-Young Paik
- Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea.
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Zhao D, Ji H, Zhao H, Xu Y, He A, He Y. BMSC-derived exosomes regulate the Treg/Th17 balance through the miR-21-5p/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway to alleviate dry eye symptoms in mice. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024:10.1007/s11626-024-00910-6. [PMID: 38684579 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos) have a variety of biological functions and are extensively involved in the regulation of inflammatory diseases, as well as tissue repair and regeneration. However, the mechanism of action of these compounds in dry eye disease (DED) in mice is still unclear. This study demonstrated that the Treg/Th17 ratio was strongly imbalanced in DED clinical samples. BMSC-Exos can modulate the Treg/Th17 balance, improve the integrity of the corneal epithelial layer, and ameliorate DED progression in mice. Mechanistically, BMSC-Exos dramatically decreased the levels of IL-17 and IL-22; increased the levels of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1; and increased tear secretion and the number of goblet cells in the conjunctiva in mice, thus alleviating the progression of DED. This effect is achieved by BMSC-Exos through the delivery of miR-21-5p to target and restrain TLR4, thereby restraining the MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Our study showed that the upregulation of miR-21-5p in BMSC-Exos may be a therapeutic target for DED. These findings support new ideas and a basis for treating DED, as well as for further study of the application value of exosomes in alleviating DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan, 650051, China
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Information, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan, 650051, China
| | - Yanze Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan, 650051, China
| | - Anni He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan, 650051, China.
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Shen Y, Liu J, Yao B, Zhang Y, Huang S, Liang C, Huang J, Tang Y, Wang X. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease changes the expression and activity of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in rats. Toxicol Lett 2024; 396:36-47. [PMID: 38663832 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases, which can cause serious complications and gradually increase the mortality rate. However, the effects of NAFLD on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters remain unclear, which may cause some confusion regarding patient medication. In this study, a NAFLD rat model was constructed by feeding rats with methionine and choline deficiency diets for 6 weeks, and the mRNA and protein levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporter were analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. The activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes was detected by cocktail methods. In the NAFLD rat model, the mRNA expression of phase I enzymes, phase II enzymes, and transporters decreased. At the protein level, only CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2C11, and CYP2J3 presented a decrease. In addition, the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2B1, CYP2C11, CYP2D1, CYP3A2, UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A6, and UGT1A9 decreased. These changes may be caused by the alteration of FXR, HNF4α, LXRα, LXRβ, PXR, and RXR. In conclusion, NAFLD changes the expression and activity of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in rats, which may affect drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. In clinical medication, drug monitoring should be strengthened to avoid potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Shen
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyi Yao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengbo Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenmeizi Liang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junze Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Nie YF, Shang JM, Liu DQ, Meng WQ, Ren HP, Li CH, Wang ZF, Lan J. Apical papilla stem cell-derived exosomes regulate lipid metabolism and alleviate inflammation in the MCD-induced mouse NASH model. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116073. [PMID: 38395263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells from the apical papilla(SCAPs) exhibit remarkable tissue repair capabilities, demonstrate anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects, positioning them as promising assets in the realm of regenerative medicine. Recently, the focus has shifted towards exosomes derived from stem cells, perceived as safer alternatives while retaining comparable physiological functions. This study delves into the therapeutic implications of exosomes derived from SCAPs in the methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced mice non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model. We extracted exosomes from SCAPs. During the last two weeks of the MCD diet, mice were intravenously administered SCAPs-derived exosomes at two distinct concentrations (50 μg/mouse and 100 μg/mouse) biweekly. Thorough examinations of physiological and biochemical indicators were performed to meticulously evaluate the impact of exosomes derived from SCAPs on the advancement of NASH in mice induced by MCD diet. This findings revealed significant reductions in body weight loss and liver damage induced by the MCD diet following exosomes treatment. Moreover, hepatic fat accumulation was notably alleviated. Mechanistically, the treatment with exosomes led to an upregulation of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) levels in the liver, enhancing hepatic fatty acid oxidation and transporter gene expression while inhibiting genes associated with fatty acid synthesis. Additionally, exosomes treatment increased the transcription levels of key liver mitochondrial marker proteins and the essential mitochondrial biogenesis factor. Furthermore, the levels of serum inflammatory factors and hepatic tissue inflammatory factor mRNA expression were significantly reduced, likely due to the anti-inflammatory phenotype induced by exosomes in macrophages. The above conclusion suggests that SCAPs-exosomes can improve NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Nie
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Ming Shang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Duan-Qin Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Qing Meng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Ping Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuan-Hua Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Jing Lan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Vahidinia Z, Azami Tameh A, Barati S, Izadpanah M, Seyed Hosseini E. Nrf2 activation: a key mechanism in stem cell exosomes-mediated therapies. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:30. [PMID: 38431569 PMCID: PMC10909300 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized membrane extracellular vesicles which can be released from various types of cells. Exosomes originating from inflammatory or injured cells can have detrimental effects on recipient cells, while exosomes derived from stem cells not only facilitate the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues but also inhibit inflammation and provide protective effects against various diseases, suggesting they may serve as an alternative strategy of stem cells transplantation. Exosomes have a fundamental role in communication between cells, through the transfer of proteins, bioactive lipids and nucleic acids (like miRNAs and mRNAs) between cells. This transfer significantly impacts both the physiological and pathological functions of recipient cells. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor, is able to mitigate damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation through various signaling pathways. The positive effects resulting from the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in different disorders have been documented in various types of literature. Studies have confirmed that exosomes derived from stem cells could act as Nrf2 effective agonists. However, limited studies have explored the Nrf2 role in the therapeutic effects of stem cell-derived exosomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge concerning the role of Nrf2 signaling pathways in the impact exerted by stem cell exosomes in some common diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Vahidinia
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Azami Tameh
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Melika Izadpanah
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elahe Seyed Hosseini
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
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Dai F, Liu H, He J, Wu J, Yuan C, Wang R, Yuan M, Yang D, Deng Z, Wang L, Wang Y, Yang X, Wang H, Hu W, Cheng Y. Model construction and drug therapy of primary ovarian insufficiency by ultrasound-guided injection. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:49. [PMID: 38378684 PMCID: PMC10880334 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the main treatment for primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, HRT may increase the risk of both breast cancer and cardiovascular disease. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) have been gradually applied to the therapy of a variety of diseases through inflammation inhibition, immune regulation, and tissue repair functions. However, the application and study of hUC-MSC exosomes in POI remain limited. METHODS Here, we first constructed four rat animal models: the POI-C model (the "cyclophosphamide-induced" POI model via intraperitoneal injection), the POI-B model (the "busulfan-induced" POI model), the POI-U model (the "cyclophosphamide-induced" POI model under ultrasonic guidance), and MS model (the "maternal separation model"). Second, we compared the body weight, ovarian index, status, Rat Grimace Scale, complications, and mortality rate of different POI rat models. Finally, a transabdominal ultrasound-guided injection of hUC-MSC exosomes was performed, and its therapeuticy effects on the POI animal models were evaluated, including changes in hormone levels, oestrous cycles, ovarian apoptosis levels, and fertility. In addition, we performed RNA-seq to explore the possible mechanism of hUC-MSC exosomes function. RESULTS Compared with the POI-C, POI-B, and MS animal models, the POI-U model showed less fluctuation in weight, a lower ovarian index, fewer complications, a lower mortality rate, and a higher model success rate. Second, we successfully identified hUC-MSCs and their exosomes, and performed ultrasound-guided intraovarian hUC-MSCs exosomes injection. Finally, we confirmed that the ultrasound-guided exosome injection (termed POI-e) effectively improved ovarian hormone levels, the oestrous cycle, ovarian function, and fertility. Mechanically, hUC-MSCs may play a therapeutic role by regulating ovarian immune and metabolic functions. CONCLUSIONS In our study, we innovatively constructed an ultrasound-guided ovarian drug injection method to construct POI-U animal models and hUC-MSC exosomes injection. And we confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of hUC-MSC exosomes on the POI-U animal models. Our study will offer a better choice for new animal models of POI in the future and provides certain guidance for the hUC-MSCs exosome therapy in POI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jinglin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Chaoyan Yuan
- Department of Gynecology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Mengqin Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Dongyong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Zhimin Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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Pei L, Li R, Wang X, Xu D, Gong F, Chen W, Zheng X, Liu W, Zhao S, Wang Q, Mao E, Chen E, Chen Y, Yang Z. MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate sepsis-associated liver dysfunction by inhibiting macrophage glycolysis-mediated inflammatory response. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111575. [PMID: 38280334 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated liver dysfunction (SALD) aggravates the disease progression and prognosis of patients. Macrophages in the liver play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of SALD. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs), show beneficial effects in various inflammatory diseases. However, whether MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) could ameliorate the inflammatory response in liver macrophages and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, a mouse model of sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was used to investigate the immunomodulatory functions of MSC-EVs in SALD. LPS-stimulated primary Kupffer cells (KCs) and Raw264.7 were used to further explore the potential mechanisms of MSC-EVs in regulating the inflammatory response of macrophages. The results showed that MSC-EVs alleviated liver tissue injury and facilitated the polarization of M1 to M2 macrophages. Further in vitro studies confirmed that MSC-EVs treatment significantly downregulated the expression of several enzymes related to glycolysis and reduced the glycolytic flux by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression, thus effectively inhibiting the inflammatory responses of macrophages. These findings reveal that the application of MSC-EVs might be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating SALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pei
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ranran Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangchen Gong
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangtao Zheng
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanzhi Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enqiang Mao
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Erzhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhitao Yang
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Yang Y, He Y, Yang X, Qiao Y, Yi G, Fan W, Liu H, Tong M. Effect of Trichinella spiralis-Derived Antigens on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:432-444. [PMID: 38357280 PMCID: PMC10863434 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disease characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as gut dysbiosis. No approved effective therapeutic medicine is available to date for NAFLD. Helminth therapy is believed to be a novel direction and therapeutic strategy for NAFLD. Our previous study showed that Trichinella spiralis-derived antigens (TsAg) had the potential for partially alleviating obesity via regulating gut microbiota. However, the effect of TsAg on NAFLD remains unclear. In this study, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced model mice were treated with TsAg and microbiota transplantation experiments, and alterations in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic liver disease were assessed. The results showed that TsAg markedly reduced hepatic steatosis, improved insulin resistance, and regulated the abnormal expression of hepatic lipid-related genes. Of note, TsAg ameliorated hepatic inflammation by decreasing pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β, suppressing hepatic macrophage infiltration, as well as promoting M2 macrophage polarization. Moreover, TsAg reversed gut dysbiosis, as especially indicated by an increase in beneficial bacteria (e.g., Akkermansiaceae and Rikenellaceae). Furthermore, our study found that TsAg reduced LPS hepatic translocation and hepatic TLR4/NF-κB signaling, which further contributed to inhibiting hepatic inflammation. In addition, TsAg inhibited hepatic oxidative stress involving Nrf2/NQO-1 signaling. Microbiota transplantation showed that TsAg-altered microbiota is sufficient to confer protection against NAFLD in HFD-induced mice. Overall, these findings suggest that TsAg involving gut-liver axis and Nrf2/NQO-1 signaling is a novel promising candidate for NAFLD treatment. TsAg restores intestinal microbiota and intestinal barrier to inhibit bacteria and LPS translocation into the liver, contributing to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, and hepatic steatosis in the liver of NAFLD mice. The effects were attributed to, at least in part, the inactivation of NF-κB pathway and the activation of Nrf-2/NQO-1 pathway. This study provides new insights for understanding immune modulation by T. spiralis-derived products as well as the potential application of TsAg as a modality for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical
University, Jinzhong 030619, China
- Key
Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and Shanxi
Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi
Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yanzhao He
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical
University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical
University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Yuyu Qiao
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical
University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Gaoqin Yi
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical
University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Weiping Fan
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical
University, Jinzhong 030619, China
- Key
Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and Shanxi
Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi
Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical
University, Jinzhong 030619, China
- Key
Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and Shanxi
Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi
Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Mingwei Tong
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical
University, Jinzhong 030619, China
- Key
Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, and Shanxi
Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi
Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Yang S, Zhang Y, Peng Q, Meng B, Wang J, Sun H, Chen L, Dai R, Zhang L. Regulating pyroptosis by mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles: A promising strategy to alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116001. [PMID: 38128182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a main cause of low back pain (LBP), which can lead to disability and thus generate a heavy burden on society. IVDD is characterized by a decrease in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) and endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), degradation of the extracellular matrix, macrophage infiltration, and blood vessel and nerve ingrowth. To date, the therapeutic approaches regarding IVDD mainly include conservative treatment and surgical intervention. However, both can only relieve symptoms rather than stop or revert the progression of IVDD, since the pathogenesis of IVDD is not yet clear. Pyroptosis, which is characterized by Caspase family dependence and conducted by the Gasdermin family, is a newly discovered mode of programmed cell death. Pyroptosis has been observed in NPCs, annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs), chondrocytes, MSCs, macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and neurons and may contribute to IVDD. MSCs are a kind of pluripotent stem cell that can be found in almost all tissues. MSCs have a strong ability to secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies. EVs derived from MSCs play an important role in pyroptosis regulation and could be beneficial for alleviating IVDD. This review focuses on clarifying the regulation of pyroptosis to improve IVDD by MSCs and EVs derived from MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yongbo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Bo Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huai'an 82 Hospital, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Liuyang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Rui Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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11
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Jin HL, Feng XY, Feng SL, Dai L, Zhu WT, Yuan ZW. Isoquercitrin attenuates the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by modulating galectin-3-mediated insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. Phytomedicine 2024; 123:155188. [PMID: 38056146 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a global health problem with no effective treatment. Isoquercitrin (IQ) alters hepatic lipid metabolism and inhibits adipocyte differentiation. The underlying regulatory mechanisms of IQ in regulating insulin resistance (IR) and lipid metabolism remain unclear. PURPOSE This study was aimed at investigating the effects of IQ on NASH and deciphering whether the underlying mechanisms are via modulation of galectin-3 mediated IR and lipid metabolism. METHODS IR-HepG2 cell lines were used to demonstrate the ability of IQ to modulate galectin-3-mediated glucose disposal and lipid metabolism. A 20-week high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NASH model was established in C57BL/6J mice, and the protective effect of IQ on lipid disposal in the liver was verified. Further, the mRNA and protein levels of glucose and lipid metabolism were investigated, and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and acylcarnitine (AC) profiling were performed to characterize the changes in endogenous substances associated with mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism in serum and cells. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic features of IQ were explored in a rat model of NASH. RESULTS IQ restored liver function and ameliorated inflammation and lipid accumulationin NASH model mice. Notably, significant regulation of the proteins included fatty acid-generating and transporting, cholesterol metabolism enzymes, nuclear transcription factors, mitochondrial metabolism, and IR-related enzymes was noted to be responsible for the therapeutic mechanisms of IQ against experimental NASH. Serum lipid metabolism-related metabolomic assay confirmed that LPC and AC biosynthesis mostly accounted for the therapeutic effect of IQ in mice with NASH and that IQ maintained the homeostasis of LPC and AC levels. CONCLUSION This is the first study showing that IQ protects against of NASH by modulating galectin-3-mediated IR and lipid metabolism. The mechanisms responsible for liver protection and improved lipid metabolic disorder by IQ may be related to the suppression of IR and regulation of mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism. Galectin-3 down-regulation represents a potentially novel approach for the treatment and prevention of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liu Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63#, Duobao Street, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63#, Duobao Street, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Sen-Ling Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63#, Duobao Street, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Ling Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63#, Duobao Street, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Wen-Ting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63#, Duobao Street, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhong-Wen Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63#, Duobao Street, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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12
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Didamoony MA, Soubh AA, Atwa AM, Ahmed LA. Innovative preconditioning strategies for improving the therapeutic efficacy of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells in gastrointestinal diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2973-2993. [PMID: 37874430 PMCID: PMC10692273 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have become a global health issue and an economic burden due to their wide distribution, late prognosis, and the inefficacy of recent available medications. Therefore, it is crucial to search for new strategies for their management. In the recent decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has attracted attention as a viable option for treating a myriad of GI disorders such as hepatic fibrosis (HF), ulcerative colitis (UC), acute liver injury (ALI), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to their regenerative and paracrine properties. Importantly, recent studies have shown that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are responsible for most of the therapeutic effects of MSCs. In addition, EVs have revealed several benefits over their parent MSCs, such as being less immunogenic, having a lower risk of tumour formation, being able to cross biological barriers, and being easier to store. MSC-EVs exhibited regenerative, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-fibrotic effects in different experimental models of GI diseases. However, a key issue with their clinical application is the maintenance of their stability and efficacy following in vivo transplantation. Preconditioning of MSC-EVs or their parent cells is one of the novel methods used to improve their effectiveness and stability. Herein, we discuss the application of MSC-EVs in several GI disorders taking into account their mechanism of action. We also summarise the challenges and restrictions that need to be overcome to promote their clinical application in the treatment of various GI diseases as well as the recent developments to improve their effectiveness. A representation of the innovative preconditioning techniques that have been suggested for improving the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs in GI diseases. The pathological conditions in various GI disorders (ALI, UC, HF and NAFLD) create a harsh environment for EVs and their parents, increasing the risk of apoptosis and senescence of MSCs and thereby diminishing MSC-EVs yield and restricting their large-scale applications. Preconditioning with pharmacological agents or biological mediators can improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs through their adaption to the lethal environment to which they are subjected. This can result in establishment of a more conducive environment and activation of numerous vital trajectories that act to improve the immunomodulatory, reparative and regenerative activities of the derived EVs, as a part of MSCs paracrine system. ALI, acute liver injury; GI diseases, gastrointestinal diseases; HF, hepatic fibrosis; HSP, heat shock protein; miRNA, microRNA; mRNA, messenger RNA; MSC-EVs, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; UC, ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar A Didamoony
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, 11829, Egypt.
| | - Ayman A Soubh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Ahram Canadian University, 4th Industrial Zone, Banks Complex, 6th of October City, Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Lisi V, Senesi G, Balbi C. Converging protective pathways: Exploring the linkage between physical exercise, extracellular vesicles and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:718-727. [PMID: 37739138 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Physical Exercise (EXR) has been shown to have numerous beneficial effects on various systems in the human body. It leads to a decrease in the risk of mortality from chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, metabolic and central nervous system disorders. EXR results in improving cardiovascular fitness, cognitive function, immune activity, endocrine action, and musculoskeletal health. These positive effects make EXR a valuable intervention for promoting overall health and well-being in individuals of all ages. These beneficial effects are partially mediated by the role of the regular EXR in the adaptation to redox homeostasis counteracting the sudden increase of ROS, the hallmark of many chronic diseases. EXR can trigger the release of numerous humoral factors, e.g. protein, microRNA (miRs), and DNA, that can be shuttled as cargo of Extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs show different cargo modification after oxidative stress stimuli as well as after EXR. In this review, we aim to highlight the main studies on the role of EVs released during EXR and oxidative stress conditions in enhancing the antioxidant enzymes pathway and in the decrease of oxidative stress environment mediated by their cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lisi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Senesi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Liang C, Gao S, Gao J, Xu Y, Li Q. Comparison of effects of HucMSCs, exosomes, and conditioned medium on NASH. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18431. [PMID: 37891247 PMCID: PMC10611740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, and their conditioned media on lipid storage in oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) treated hepatocytes and high-fat methionine- choline deficient diet (HFMRCD) induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice. AML12 cells were stimulated with OA and PA to establish the lipid storage cell model. HucMSCs, exosomes, and culture medium were then co-cultured. At the same time, C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFMRCD for 6 or 8 weeks to establish a NASH mouse model. The effect of HucMSCs, exosomes, and culture medium on lipid droplet repair of hepatocytes or NASH mice was then assessed. The weight of hepatocytes or liver tissue, Oil Red O, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining, Western blot, and qPCR were used to detect the related IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1 andEI24/AMPK/mTOR pathway expression in hepatocytes and liver tissue. Compared with the model group, the effect of HucMSCs-Ex on inhibiting the accumulation of lipid droplets was more obvious at the cell level. In vivo study showed that HucMSCs-Ex reduces activity scores in NASH mice and improves liver tissue morphology by reducing vacuolar degeneration, fat deposition, and collagen deposition of liver tissue. Western blot and qPCR results showed that inflammatory factors and AMPK/mTOR or EI24-related autophagy pathways were altered before and after treatment. HucMSCs, HucMSC-Ex, and CM can promote autophagy in hepatocytes or NASH mice through the AMPK/mTOR or EI24-related autophagy pathway and alleviate injury associated with lipid deposition, collagen deposition or inflammation, reversing the progression of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Liang
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, 671013, Yunnan, China
| | - Siyuan Gao
- Center of Liver Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, 650041, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianpeng Gao
- Department of Administration, Kunming Yan'an Hospital, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yanwen Xu
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, 671013, Yunnan, China
| | - Qilong Li
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, 671013, Yunnan, China
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Zheng X, Zhu Y, Zhao Z, Chu Y, Yang W. The role of amino acid metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284133. [PMID: 37936710 PMCID: PMC10626463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a characteristic symptom of the occurrence and development of many diseases, which is mainly characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as macrophages and granulocytes, and the increased release of proinflammatory factors. Subsequently, macrophage differentiates and T cells and other regulated factors exhibit anti-inflammatory function, releasing pro- and anti-inflammatory factors to maintain homeostasis. Although reports define various degrees of metabolic disorders in both the inflamed and non-inflamed parts of inflammatory diseases, little is known about the changes in amino acid metabolism in such conditions. This review aims to summarize amino acid changes and mechanisms involved in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other inflammatory diseases. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derived exosomes (MSC-EXO) have been found to show promising effects in the treatment of IBD and other inflammatory diseases,their potential in the modulation of amino acid metabolism in the treatment of inflammation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Chu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Hegde M, Kumar A, Girisa S, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Goel A, Hui KM, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Exosomal noncoding RNA-mediated spatiotemporal regulation of lipid metabolism: Implications in immune evasion and chronic inflammation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:114-134. [PMID: 37419767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The hallmark of chronic inflammatory diseases is immune evasion. Successful immune evasion involves numerous mechanisms to suppress both adaptive and innate immune responses. Either direct contact between cells or paracrine signaling triggers these responses. Exosomes are critical drivers of these interactions and exhibit both immunogenic and immune evasion properties during the development and progression of various chronic inflammatory diseases. Exosomes carry diverse molecular cargo, including lipids, proteins, and RNAs that are crucial for immunomodulation. Moreover, recent studies have revealed that exosomes and their cargo-loaded molecules are extensively involved in lipid remodeling and metabolism during immune surveillance and disease. Many studies have also shown the involvement of lipids in controlling immune cell activities and their crucial upstream functions in regulating inflammasome activation, suggesting that any perturbation in lipid metabolism results in abnormal immune responses. Strikingly, the expanded immunometabolic reprogramming capacities of exosomes and their contents provided insights into the novel mechanisms behind the prophylaxis of inflammatory diseases. By summarizing the tremendous therapeutic potential of exosomes, this review emphasizes the role of exosome-derived noncoding RNAs in regulating immune responses through the modulation of lipid metabolism and their promising therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; Computers and communications Department College of Engineering Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt
| | - Akul Goel
- California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology and NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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Wang Z, Yao L, Hu X, Yuan M, Chen P, Liu P, Zhang Q, Xiong Z, Dai K, Jiang Y. Advancements in mesenchymal stem cell therapy for liver cirrhosis: Unveiling origins, treatment mechanisms, and current research frontiers. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102198. [PMID: 37604091 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease inevitably progresses to liver cirrhosis, significantly compromising patients' overall survival and quality of life. However, a glimmer of hope emerges with the emergence of mesenchymal stem cells, possessing remarkable abilities for self-renewal, differentiation, and immunomodulation. Leveraging their potential, MSCs have become a focal point in both basic and clinical trials, offering a promising therapeutic avenue to impede fibrosis progression and enhance the life expectancy of individuals battling hepatic cirrhosis. This comprehensive review serves to shed light on the origin of MSCs, the intricate mechanisms underlying cirrhosis treatment, and the cutting-edge advancements in basic and clinical research surrounding MSC-based therapies for liver cirrhosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichao Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqin Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingji Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China.
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Dai W, Yang H, Xu B, He T, Liu L, Ma X, Ma J, Yang G, Si R, Pei X, Du X, Fu X. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) alleviate excessive autophagy of ovarian granular cells through VEGFA/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in premature ovarian failure rat model. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:198. [PMID: 37777781 PMCID: PMC10542694 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature ovarian failure (POF) is one of the leading causes of female infertility and is accompanied by abnormal endocrine, seriously affecting female quality of life. Previous studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy for POF. However, the mechanism remains obscure. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on ovarian function in the POF rat model and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The ovarian function was evaluated by ovarian morphology, histology, estrous cycle, hormone levels (AMH, E2, FSH, and LH), and fertility ability to investigate the effect of hUC-MSCs on the POF rats model. The cytokines levels were assayed in serum using protein array to explore the mechanisms of hUC-MSCs therapy for POF. The excessive autophagy levels were evaluated using a co-culture system of 3D MSCs spheroids with human ovarian granulosa cell line (KGN) or primary ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) to understand the paracrine effect of hUC-MSCs on GCs. The related proteins expression of autophagy and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was detected using Western Blotting and/or in various inhibitors supplement to further demonstrate that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) secreted by hUC-MSCs can alleviate excessive autophagy of ovarian GCs via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The ovarian culture model in vitro was applied to confirm the mechanism. RESULTS The ovarian function of POF and the excessive autophagy of ovarian GCs were restored after hUC-MSCs transplantation. The protein array result demonstrated that VEGF and PI3K/AKT might improve ovarian function. in vitro experiments demonstrated that VEGFA secreted by hUC-MSCs could decrease oxidative stress and inhibit excessive autophagy of ovarian GCs via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The ovarian culture model results confirmed this mechanism in vitro. CONCLUSION The hUC-MSCs can alleviate excessive autophagy of ovarian GCs via paracrine VEGFA and regulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby improving the ovarian function of POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Tiantian He
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jiaxue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Guoqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Rui Si
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiuying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xing Du
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Xufeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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19
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Huai Q, Zhu C, Zhang X, Dai H, Li X, Wang H. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their extracellular vesicles in liver diseases: insights on their immunomodulatory roles and clinical applications. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:162. [PMID: 37670393 PMCID: PMC10478279 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity that is rising globally. Liver dysfunctions are classified into acute and chronic diseases. Various insults, including viral infections, alcohol or drug abuse, and metabolic overload, may cause chronic inflammation and fibrosis, leading to irreversible liver dysfunction. Up to now, liver transplantation could be the last resort for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, liver transplantation still faces unavoidable difficulties. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) with their broad ranging anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties can be effectively used for treating liver diseases but without the limitation that are associated with liver transplantation. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the characteristics of MSCs and the potential action mechanisms of MSCs-based cell therapies for liver diseases. We also draw attention to strategies to potentiate the therapeutic properties of MSCs through pre-treatments or gene modifications. Finally, we discuss progress toward clinical application of MSCs or their extracellular vesicles in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Hanren Dai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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20
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Teng Z, Wang Z, Zhu P, Wang Z, Liu F, Liu X. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) alleviate paclitaxel-induced spermatogenesis defects and maintain male fertility. Biol Res 2023; 56:47. [PMID: 37574561 PMCID: PMC10424423 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs can cause reproductive damage by affecting sperm quality and other aspects of male fertility. Stem cells are thought to alleviate the damage caused by chemotherapy drugs and to play roles in reproductive protection and treatment. This study aimed to explore the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on alleviating paclitaxel (PTX)-induced spermatogenesis and male fertility defects. An in vivo PTX-induced mice model was constructed to evaluate the reproductive toxicity and protective roles of hUC-MSCs in male fertility improvement. A 14 day PTX treatment regimen significantly attenuated mice spermatogenesis and sperm quality, including affecting spermatogenesis, reducing sperm counts, and decreasing sperm motility. hUC-MSCs treatment could significantly improve sperm functional indicators. Mating experiments with normal female mice and examination of embryo development at 7.5 days post-coitum (dpc) showed that hUC-MSCs restored male mouse fertility that was reduced by PTX. In IVF experiments, PTX impaired sperm fertility and blastocyst development, but hUC-MSCs treatment rescued these indicators. hUC-MSCs' protective role was also displayed through the increased expression of the fertility-related proteins HSPA2 and HSPA4L in testes with decreased expression in the PTX-treated group. These changes might be related to the PTX-induced decreases in expression of the germ cell proliferation protein PCNA and the meiosis proteins SYCP3, MLH1, and STRA8, which were restored after hUC-MSCs treatment. In the PTX-treated group, the expression of testicular antioxidant proteins SIRT1, NRF2, CAT, SOD1, and PRDX6 was significantly decreased, but hUC-MSCs could maintain these expressions and reverse PTX-related increases in BAX/BCL2 ratios. hUC-MSCs may be a promising agent with antioxidant and anti-apoptosis characteristics that can maintain sperm quality following chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuSheng Zhang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - YaNan Liu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zi Teng
- Shandong Stem Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - ZeLin Wang
- Shandong Stem Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Shandong Stem Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - ZhiXin Wang
- Shandong Stem Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - FuJun Liu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
- Shandong Stem Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China.
| | - XueXia Liu
- Shandong Stem Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China.
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21
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Zhong L, Wang J, Wang P, Liu X, Liu P, Cheng X, Cao L, Wu H, Chen J, Zhou L. Neural stem cell-derived exosomes and regeneration: cell-free therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:198. [PMID: 37553595 PMCID: PMC10408078 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative repair of the brain after traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains an extensive clinical challenge, inspiring intensified interest in therapeutic approaches to explore superior repair strategies. Exosome therapy is another research hotspot following stem cell alternative therapy. Prior research verified that exosomes produced by neural stem cells can participate in the physiological and pathological changes associated with TBI and have potential neuroregulatory and repair functions. In comparison with their parental stem cells, exosomes have superior stability and immune tolerance and lower tumorigenic risk. In addition, they can readily penetrate the blood‒brain barrier, which makes their treatment efficiency superior to that of transplanted stem cells. Exosomes secreted by neural stem cells present a promising strategy for the development of novel regenerative therapies. Their tissue regeneration and immunomodulatory potential have made them encouraging candidates for TBI repair. The present review addresses the challenges, applications and potential mechanisms of neural stem cell exosomes in regenerating damaged brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Health Management, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xiaoyin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Lujia Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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22
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Ren P, Qian F, Fu L, He W, He Q, Jin J, Zheng D. Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes regulate Nrf2/Keap1 in diabetic nephropathy by targeting FAM129B. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:149. [PMID: 37403164 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs-Exos) have exhibited a therapeutic role in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Further studies are needed to investigate how ADSCs-Exos regulate oxidative stress and inflammation in high glucose-induced podocyte injury. METHODS An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect cellular inflammation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using flow cytometry in podocytes with different treatments. A malondialdehyde (MDA) kit was used to evaluate the lipid peroxidation levels in podocytes and kidney tissues of mice. Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation were performed to detect protein expression and protein-protein interactions. RESULTS ADSCs-Exos reversed oxidative stress and inflammation in podocytes and kidney tissues of DN mice induced by high glucose levels in vitro and in vivo. Interference with heme oxygenase-1 expression could reverse the improvement effect of ADSCs-Exos on oxidative stress induced by high glucose levels. Furthermore, high glucose inhibited nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression and promoted Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) protein expression in podocytes, as well as their binding ability. As a potential target for Nrf2/Keap1 pathway regulation, FAM129B expression in podocytes is regulated by high glucose and ADSCs-Exos. Moreover, FAM129B siRNA blocked the inhibitory effect of ADSCs-Exos on intracellular ROS and MDA upregulation induced by high glucose in podocytes. CONCLUSION ADSCs-Exos regulate the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway to alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress in DN by targeting FAM129B, which may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Ren
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Fengmei Qian
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Lanjun Fu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Wenfang He
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China.
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China.
| | - Danna Zheng
- Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Affiliated People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
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23
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Li Z, Zheng B, Liu C, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Wang X, Hou L, Yang Z. BMSC-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Sepsis-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Activating the Nrf2 Pathway to Reverse Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:7072700. [PMID: 37035447 PMCID: PMC10081904 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7072700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II alveolar epithelial cell (AECII) apoptosis is one of the most vital causes of sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recent evidence has proved that bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-exos) can effectively reduce sepsis-induced ARDS. However, the function and molecular mechanism of BMSC-exos in sepsis-induced AECII apoptosis remain to be elucidated. In the present study, a more significant number of AECII apoptosis, high mitochondrial fission p-Drp1 protein levels, and low levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-related PGC1α, Tfam, and Nrf1 proteins accompanied with ATP content depression were confirmed in AECIIs in response to sepsis. Surprisingly, BMSC-exos successfully recovered mitochondrial biogenesis, including the upregulated expression of PGC1α, Tfam, Nrf1 proteins, and ATP contents, and prohibited p-Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission by promoting Nrf2 expression. However, the aforementioned BMSC-exo reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction in AECIIs can be blocked by Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. Finally, BMSC-exos ameliorated the mortality rate, AECII apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine storm including HMGB1 and IL-6, and pathological lung damage in sepsis mice, which also could be prevented by ML385. These findings reveal a new mechanism of BMSC-exos in reversing mitochondrial dysfunction to alleviate AECII apoptosis, which may provide novel strategies for preventing and treating sepsis-induced ARDS.
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Castaño C, Novials A, Párrizas M. An Overview of Inter-Tissue and Inter-Kingdom Communication Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles in the Regulation of Mammalian Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36768391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with defects of insulin action in different tissues or alterations in β-cell secretory capacity that may be triggered by environmental challenges, inadequate lifestyle choices, or an underlying genetic predisposition. In addition, recent data shows that obesity may also be caused by perturbations of the gut microbiota, which then affect metabolic function and energy homeostasis in the host. Maintenance of metabolic homeostasis in complex organisms such as mammals requires organismal-level communication, including between the different organs and the gut microbiota. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified in all domains of life and have emerged as crucial players in inter-organ and inter-kingdom crosstalk. Interestingly, EVs found in edible vegetables or in milk have been shown to influence gut microbiota or tissue function in mammals. Moreover, there is a multidirectional crosstalk mediated by EVs derived from gut microbiota and body organs that has implications for host health. Untangling this complex signaling network may help implement novel therapies for the treatment of metabolic disease.
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Du X, Li H, Han X, Ma W. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal miR-24-3p ameliorates non-alcohol fatty liver disease by targeting Keap-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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