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Pan W, Zhao Z, Wu J, Fan Q, Huang H, He R, Shen H, Zhao Z, Feng S, Gan G, Chen Z, Ma M, Sun C, Zhang L. LACpG10-HL Functions Effectively in Antibiotic-Free and Healthy Husbandry by Improving the Innate Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911466. [PMID: 36232768 PMCID: PMC9569488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are broadly restricted in modern husbandry farming, necessitating the need for efficient and low-cost immunomodulatory preparations in antibiotic-free and healthful farming. As is known to all, CpG oligonucleotides (CpG-ODNs, an effective innate immunostimulatory agent) recognized by TLR9 in mammals (while TLR21 in avians) could collaborate with some united agent to induce stronger immune responses, but the cost is prohibitively expensive for farmers. Here, considering the coordination between TLR2 and TLR9/TLR21, we firstly proposed the idea that the well-fermented Lactococcus lactis could be utilized as a CpG-plasmid carrier (LACpG10) to enhance the host’s innate immunity against pathogenic invasion. In the present study, after obtaining LACpG10-HL from homogenized and lyophilized recombinant strain LACpG10, we treated primary chicken lymphocytes, two cell lines (HD11 and IPEC-J2), and chickens with LACpG10-HL, CpG plasmids (pNZ8148-CpG10), and other stimulants, and respectively confirmed the effects by conducting qRT-PCR, bacterial infection assays, and a zoological experiment. Our data showed that LACpG10-HL could induce excellent innate immunity by regulating autophagy reactions, cytokine expression, and motivating PRRs. Interestingly, despite having no direct antiseptic effect, LACpG10-HL improved the antibacterial capacities of lymphocytes and enterocytes at the first line of defense. Most importantly, water-supplied LACpG10-HL treatment reduced the average adverse event rates, demonstrating that LACpG10-HL maintained its excellent immunostimulatory and protective properties under farming conditions. Our research not only contributes to revealing the satisfactory effects of LACpG10-HL but also sheds new light on a cost-effective solution with optimal immune effects in green, antibiotic-free, and healthful husbandry farming.
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Pu Y, Guo J, Yang H, Zhong L, Tian H, Deng H, Duan X, Liu S, Chen D. Environmentally relevant concentrations of mercury inhibit the growth of juvenile silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix): Oxidative stress and GH/IGF axis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 236:113484. [PMID: 35421826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global environmental contaminant, and excessive mercury levels in water can adversely affect the growth of fish. Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is one of the important freshwater aquaculture fish in China, and its natural resources have been critically declining. However, the effects of Hg2+ exposure on the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis and its toxic mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we systematically evaluated the bioaccumulation, histomorphology, antioxidant status, hormone levels, and GH/IGF axis toxicity of juvenile silver carp after exposure to environmental-related concentrations of Hg2+ (0, 0.05, 0.5, 5, and 50 µg/L) for 28 days. Results showed that the Hg2+ bioaccumulation in the liver increased with a rise in Hg2+ concentration and time of exposure. The body length (BL), body weight (BW), weight growth rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) all decreased after Hg2+ exposure. The serum levels of growth hormones (GH and IGF) and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were significantly decreased, and the expressions of GH/IGF axis-related genes were significantly downregulated after 7, 14, and 28 days of Hg2+ exposure. Correlations between the growth parameters and growth hormones or expression of genes in GH/IGF axis further suggested that environmentally relevant concentrations of Hg2+ could have adverse effects on growth. In addition, with increasing Hg2+ exposure, superoxide activities of dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST)and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased, whereas the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) significantly decreased and oxidative stress-related gene significantly changed. Liver lesions were mainly characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatocyte necrosis and fat vacuolation after exposure to Hg2+. Taken together, the results indicate that Hg2+ exposure leads to growth inhibition and oxidative stress in juvenile silver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China; Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liqiao Zhong
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Huiwu Tian
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Huatang Deng
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Xinbin Duan
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Shaoping Liu
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Daqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan 430223, China.
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Wang Y, Zhu P, Ni J, Mo Q, Luo W, Du Z, Jiang J, Yang S, Zhao L, Gong Q. Molecular and functional characterization of the retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in hepatocytes of Schizothorax prenanti in response to palmitic acid. Fish Physiol Biochem 2022; 48:449-459. [PMID: 35230587 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01060-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) protein is a kind of adipokines synthesized and secreted by the liver, which has been verified to play important roles in liver metabolism and energy homeostasis. However, the effects of RBP4 on hepatic lipid accumulation are still elusive in fish. In the present study, we cloned and characterized the RBP4 gene in Schizothorax prenanti (S. prenanti). RBP4 gene was specifically expressed in the liver and abdominal adipose tissue. Palmitic acid (PA; 400 μM) can significantly increase lipid deposition in primary hepatocytes after 12 h of treatment. Furthermore, RBP4 knockdown can relieve the excessive lipid deposition and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the hepatocytes caused by PA. The inhibition of RBP4 abolished the ability of PA to induce the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. These results demonstrate that RBP4 inhibition attenuated PA-induced lipid deposition and endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatocytes of S. prenanti. This study could contribute to improve the understanding of RBP4 functions in the PA-induced lipid deposition in hepatocytes of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Ni
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilang Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongjun Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liulan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Gong
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611713, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Zhao Z, He R, Chu P, Cai H, Shen H, Zhao Z, Feng S, Cao D, Liao M, Gan G, Ye H, Chen Z, Qiu W, Deng J, Ming F, Ma M, Jia J, Wu J, Huang H, Sun C, Li J, Zhang L. YBX has functional roles in CpG-ODN against cold stress and bacterial infection of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 118:72-84. [PMID: 34474150 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (M. anguillicaudatus) is a widely cultivated fish. However, in M. anguillicaudatus breeding, the frequent cold stress during daily breeding could induce immune suppression and increase the risk of infection, causing serious economic loss. Based on existing findings, CpG Oligonucleotides (CpG-ODNs) may be an ideal protective agent for low temperature fish breeding, performing anti-infective when faced with cold stress with cold shock proteins Y box binding proteins (YBX). Although YBX has pleiotropic functions, its roles in CpG-ODNs-mediated immunity (especially under cold situations) remain largely unexplored. To clarify the relationship among them, we identified the YBX1/YBX2 in M. anguillicaudatus and analyzed using a series of bioinformatics methods. After that, we immunized the fish with 3 types of CpG-ODNs and challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila). Here we showed that the best anti-bacterial effect of CpG-B was accompanied by the significant upregulation of YBX1. And the detection of the YBX1 downstream effectors confirmed that CpG-B induced the YBX1-mediated Th1 oriented responses to A. hydrophila by regulation of the NLRP3 (Caspase-A/-B), IL-1β, IL-12 and IFN-γ. Afterwards, we found that under cold stress, CpG-B can activate the NLRP3 and NF-κB pathways through YBX1, a key mediator of anti-A. hydrophila in CpG-B immunization. In this study, we demonstrated CpG-B protection against infection in low temperature, and its interaction with YBX1, expanded the research of CpG-ODN under cold stress, and provided a new CpG-ODN application for low temperature fish farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengjue Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Rongxiao He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Pinpin Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Haiming Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Haokun Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Saixiang Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Ding Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Guanhua Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Hejia Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Zhiyang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Weihong Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Jinbo Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Feiping Ming
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Miaopeng Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Junhao Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Haobin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Chongjun Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Linghua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
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