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Giri SS, Kim SG, Jung WJ, Lee SB, Lee YM, Jo SJ, Hwang MH, Park JH, Kim JH, Saha S, Sukumaran V, Park SC. Dietary Syzygium cumini leaf extract influences growth performance, immunological responses and gene expression in pathogen-challenged Cyprinus carpio. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023:108830. [PMID: 37244318 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of jamun leaf extract (JLE) as a feed supplement on growth performance, haemato-immunological, oxidative stress-related parameters, and cytokine gene expression in Cyprinus carpio challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila.. Diets containing four different JLE concentrations, that is, 0 (basal diet), 5 (JLE5), 10 (JLE10), and 15 g kg-1 (JLE15), were fed to carp (6.27 ± 0.43 g) for eight weeks. Growth performance was significantly higher in JLE10. Haemato-immunological and antioxidant parameters were determined in fish at 48 h post-challenge with A. hydrohila. The cumulative survival was highest in JLE10 (69.69%) 14 days post-challenge. Serum protein (2.18 ± 0.06 g dL-1), lysozyme (32.38 ± 1.2 U mL-1), alternative complement pathway (70.43 ± 1.61 U mL-1), phagocytic activity (21.18 ± 0.48%), respiratory burst activity (0.289 ± 0.09 OD630nm), and immunoglobulin levels (6.67 ± 0.36 U mg mL-1) were significantly higher in JLE10 than in the control. Serum alanine aminotransferase (44.06 ± 1.62 Unit mL-1), aspartate aminotransferase (31.58 ± 1.82 Unit mL-1), and malondialdehyde (2.57 ± 0.26 nmol mL-1) levels were lower in JLE10 than in the control (p < 0.05), whereas myeloperoxidase activity was significantly higher in JLE5 and JLE10 than in the control. Superoxide dismutase levels in the serum were higher (p < 0.05) in JLE5 and JLE10 than in the other groups. Gene expression analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β was upregulated (p < 0.05) in the liver, head-kidney, and intestine of challenged carp in JLE10. The signalling molecule NF-κB p65 was upregulated in lymphoid organs in JLE10 but not in the liver. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly downregulated in challenged carp in JLE10 compared with that in the control. Quadratic regression analysis showed that optimal dietary JLE was estimated to be 9.03-10.15 g kg-1 to maximize the growth performance. Results of the present study revealed that dietary JLE at 10 g kg-1 can significantly improve the immunity and disease resistance of C. carpio. Thus, JLE is a promising food additive for carp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Won Joon Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Jo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Mae Hyun Hwang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Subrata Saha
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Venkatachalam Sukumaran
- Department of Zoology, Kundavai Nachiyar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Thanjavur, 613007, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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