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Matsumoto K. Toward the production of block copolymers in microbial cells: achievements and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:164. [PMID: 38252290 PMCID: PMC10803391 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) block copolymers has attracted research interests because they can be expected to exhibit excellent physical properties. Although post-polymerization conjugation and/or extension have been used for PHA block copolymer synthesis, the discovery of the first sequence-regulating PHA synthase, PhaCAR, enabled the direct synthesis of PHA-PHA type block copolymers in microbial cells. PhaCAR spontaneously synthesizes block copolymers from a mixture of substrates. To date, Escherichia coli and Ralstonia eutropha have been used as host strains, and therefore, sequence regulation is not a host-specific phenomenon. The monomer sequence greatly influences the physical properties of the polymer. For example, a random copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 2-hydroxybutyrate deforms plastically, while a block copolymer of approximately the same composition exhibits elastic deformation. The structure of the PHA block copolymer can be expanded by in vitro evolution of the sequence-regulating PHA synthase. An engineered variant of PhaCAR can synthesize poly(D-lactate) as a block copolymer component, which allows for greater flexibility in the molecular design of block copolymers. Therefore, creating sequence-regulating PHA synthases with a further broadened substrate range will expand the variety of properties of PHA materials. This review summarizes and discusses the sequence-regulating PHA synthase, analytical methods for verifying block sequence, properties of block copolymers, and mechanisms of sequence regulation. KEY POINTS: • Spontaneous monomer sequence regulation generates block copolymers • Poly(D-lactate) segment can be synthesized using a block copolymerization system • Block copolymers exhibit characteristic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken'ichiro Matsumoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kitaku, Sapporo, N13W8060-8628, Japan.
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Boyandin AN, Bessonova VA, Ertiletskaya NL, Sukhanova AA, Shalygina TA, Kondrasenko AA. Aminolysis of Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate in N,N-Dimethylformamide and 1,4-Dioxane and Formation of Functionalized Oligomers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 36559848 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation pattern of bacterial poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) in dimethylformamide (DMF) and dioxane solutions at 100 °C assisted by ethylenediamine, 1,4-diaminobutane and monoaminoethanol was studied. When diamines were introduced into the PHB solution in DMF in the amount of 1 mol of the reagent to 5 or 10 mol of PHB monomers, a rapid decrease in the molecular weight of the polymer was observed. The initial value of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) 840 kDa had decreased by 20-30 times within the first 10-20 min of the experiment, followed by its gradual decrease to several thousand Da. When a similar molar quantity of aminoethanol was added, the molecular weight decreased slower. PHB had been degrading much slower in the dioxane solution than in DMF. By varying the number of reagents, it was possible to reach stabilization of the Mw at 1000-3000 Da when using diamines and 8000-20,000 Da using aminoethanol. 1H NMR analysis of the oligomers revealed of amino and amido groups forming in their structure. From the opposite end of the polymer chain, residues of 3-hydroxybutyric, crotonic and isocrotonic acids were formed during degradation. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that after oligomerization there was a decrease in the melting point from 178 °C to 140-170 °C depending on the decrease in the molecular weight. The method proposed can be used for obtaining aminated PHB oligomers.
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Shafiq M, Butt MTZ, Khan SM. Synthesis of diethylene glycol-based aliphatic polyester polyol and effect of glycerin crosslinker on its properties. J Polym Res 2022; 29. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Sakurai T, Mizuno S, Miyahara Y, Hiroe A, Taguchi S, Tsuge T. Optimization of Culture Conditions for Secretory Production of 3-Hydroxybutyrate Oligomers Using Recombinant Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:829134. [PMID: 35284416 PMCID: PMC8914192 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.829134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] is the most representative polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), which is a storage polyester for prokaryotic cells. P(3HB)-producing recombinant Escherichia coli secretes diethylene glycol (DEG)-terminated 3HB oligomers (3HBO-DEG) through a PHA synthase-mediated chain transfer and alcoholysis reactions with externally added DEG. The purpose of this study was to optimize the culture conditions for the secretory production of 3HBO-DEG with jar fermenters. First, the effects of culture conditions, such as agitation speed, culture temperature, culture pH, and medium composition on 3HBO-DEG production, were investigated in a batch culture using 250-ml mini jar fermenters. Based on the best culture conditions, a fed-batch culture was conducted by feeding glucose to further increase the 3HBO-DEG titer. Consequently, the optimized culture conditions were reproduced using a 2-L jar fermenter. This study successfully demonstrates a high titer of 3HBO-DEG, up to 34.8 g/L, by optimizing the culture conditions, showing the feasibility of a new synthetic strategy for PHA-based materials by combining secretory oligomer production and subsequent chemical reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Sakurai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- MIRAI, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, Japan
| | - Shoji Mizuno
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- MIRAI, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyahara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- MIRAI, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hiroe
- MIRAI, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, Japan
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Seiichi Taguchi
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Takeharu Tsuge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- MIRAI, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takeharu Tsuge,
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Goto S, Miyahara Y, Taguchi S, Tsuge T, Hiroe A. Enhanced Production of (R)-3-Hydroxybutyrate Oligomers by Coexpression of Molecular Chaperones in Recombinant Escherichia coli Harboring a Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthase Derived from Bacillus cereus YB-4. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020458. [PMID: 35208913 PMCID: PMC8878867 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodegradable polyester poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] is synthesized by a polymerizing enzyme called polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase and accumulates in a wide variety of bacterial cells. Recently, we demonstrated the secretory production of a (R)-3HB oligomer (3HBO), a low-molecular-weight P(3HB), by using recombinant Escherichia coli expressing PHA synthases. The 3HBO has potential value as an antibacterial substance and as a building block for various polymers. In this study, to construct an efficient 3HBO production system, the coexpression of molecular chaperones and a PHA synthase derived from Bacillus cereus YB-4 (PhaRCYB4) was examined. First, genes encoding enzymes related to 3HBO biosynthesis (phaRCYB4, phaA and phaB derived from Ralstonia eutropha H16) and two types of molecular chaperones (groEL, groES, and tig) were introduced into the E. coli strains BW25113 and BW25113ΔadhE. As a result, coexpression of the chaperones promoted the enzyme activity of PHA synthase (approximately 2–3-fold) and 3HBO production (approximately 2-fold). The expression assay of each chaperone and PHA synthase subunit (PhaRYB4 and PhaCYB4) indicated that the combination of the two chaperone systems (GroEL-GroES and TF) supported the folding of PhaRYB4 and PhaCYB4. These results suggest that the utilization of chaperone proteins is a valuable approach to enhance the formation of active PHA synthase and the productivity of 3HBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Goto
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (S.G.); (S.T.)
- MIRAI, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; (Y.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Yuki Miyahara
- MIRAI, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; (Y.M.); (T.T.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Seiichi Taguchi
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (S.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Takeharu Tsuge
- MIRAI, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; (Y.M.); (T.T.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hiroe
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; (S.G.); (S.T.)
- MIRAI, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; (Y.M.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence:
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El-Malek FA, Steinbüchel A. Post-Synthetic Enzymatic and Chemical Modifications for Novel Sustainable Polyesters. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:817023. [PMID: 35071219 PMCID: PMC8766639 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.817023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their biodegradability, compostability, compatibility and flexible structures, biodegradable polymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are an important class of biopolymers with various industrial and biological uses. PHAs are thermoplastic polyesters with a limited processability due to their low heat resistance. Furthermore, due to their high crystallinity, some PHAs are stiff and brittle. These features result sometimes in very poor mechanical characteristics with low extension at break values which limit the application range of some natural PHAs. Several in vivo approaches for PHA copolymer modifications range from polymer production to enhance PHA-based material performance after synthesis. The methods for enzymatic and chemical polymer modifications are aiming at modifying the structures of the polyesters and thereby their characteristics while retaining the biodegradability. This survey illustrates the efficient use of enzymes and chemicals in post-synthetic PHA modifications, offering insights on these green techniques for modifying and improving polymer performance. Important studies in this sector will be reviewed, as well as chances and obstacles for their stability and hyper-production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fady Abd El-Malek
- International Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- International Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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