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Gao B, Cai H, Xu B, Yang F, Dou X, Dong Q, Yan H, Bu X, Li Z. Growth, biofilm formation, and motility of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from food and clinical samples located in Shanghai (China). Food Res Int 2024; 184:114232. [PMID: 38609218 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a common foodborne pathogen that frequently causes global outbreaks. In this study, the growth characteristics, biofilm formation ability, motility ability and whole genome of 26 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food and clinical samples in Shanghai (China) from 2020 to 2022 were analyzed. There are significant differences among isolates in terms of growth, biofilm formation, motility, and gene expression. Compared with other sequence type (ST) types, ST1930 type exhibited a significantly higher maximum growth rate, the ST8 type demonstrated a stronger biofilm formation ability, and the ST121 type displayed greater motility ability. Furthermore, ST121 exhibited significantly high mRNA expression levels compared with other ST types in virulence genes mpl, fbpA and fbpB, the quorum sensing gene luxS, starvation response regulation gene relA, and biofilm adhesion related gene bapL. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analyses indicated the isolates of lineage I were mostly derived from clinical, and the isolates of lineage II were mostly derived from food. The motility ability, along with the expression of genes associated with motility (motA and motB), exhibited a significantly higher level in lineage II compared with lineage I. The isolates from food exhibited significantly higher motility ability compared with isolates from clinical. By integrating growth, biofilm formation, motility phenotype with molecular and genotyping information, it is possible to enhance comprehension of the association between genes associated with these characteristics in L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- BinRu Gao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Hua Cai
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biyao Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Xin Dou
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Xiangfeng Bu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Zhuosi Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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Loiola Nunes F, Sirqueira Mendonça JK, Pereira Dias B, Ribeiro da Silva EP, Teles Aguiar N, Ferreira Dos Santos AJ, Muller Conti AC, Alcindo Alfieri A, Ribeiro-Júnior JC. Microbiological Quality and Safety of Brazilian Mozzarella Cheese During Production Stages. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024. [PMID: 38603588 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the microbiological quality and safety of mozzarella during various production stages in northern Tocantins, Brazil, by identifying critical biological points in the industrial environment within a tropical climatic region. Batches of mozzarella were evaluated, from raw milk to primary packaging, with a shelf life of 120 d at 4°C. Indicator microorganisms were quantified, and through microbiological and biomolecular approaches, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were identified. In addition, the toxigenic potential of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) was characterized. Results indicated that the raw milk used for mozzarella production had low microbiological quality; pasteurization of raw milk effectively eliminated all identified pathogens and reduced microbiological counts (p > 0.05). An increase in bacterial counts (>2 log colony-forming unit [CFU]/g) and recontamination with Salmonella spp. and CPS, which potentially produce staphylococcal enterotoxin B, were observed during milk coagulation and curd draining. Stretching of the fermented curd reduced the enterobacteria, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli median values by 2.56, 2.64, and 2.3 log CFU/mL, respectively. Similarly, brining the pieces by immersion reduced the quantity of enterobacteria and total coliforms by 2.3 and 1.6 log CFU/mL, respectively. Of interest, in the freshly finished product, Salmonella spp. was present but L. monocytogenes was absent; however, after the shelf-life period, L. monocytogenes was present but Salmonella spp. was absent. Considering the environmental conditions that can promote the multiplication and preservation of pathogens and spoilage of dairy products in tropical climates, it is necessary to review operational hygiene procedures, particularly in milk coagulation vats and fermentation tables. This will ensure the production of high-quality mozzarella cheese with a reduced consumption risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Loiola Nunes
- National Institute of Science and Technology for the Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Food Microbiology Laboratory, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
| | - Jeycy Kelle Sirqueira Mendonça
- National Institute of Science and Technology for the Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Food Microbiology Laboratory, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
| | - Bianca Pereira Dias
- National Institute of Science and Technology for the Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Food Microbiology Laboratory, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
| | - Elifaz Pereira Ribeiro da Silva
- National Institute of Science and Technology for the Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Food Microbiology Laboratory, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
| | - Nara Teles Aguiar
- National Institute of Science and Technology for the Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Food Microbiology Laboratory, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Muller Conti
- Animal Science Department, Biostatistics Section, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- National Institute of Science and Technology for the Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Molecular Biology Laboratory, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Ribeiro-Júnior
- National Institute of Science and Technology for the Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Food Microbiology Laboratory, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
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Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Wałecka-Zacharska E, Korkus J, Grudlewska-Buda K, Budzyńska A, Wnuk K, Gospodarek-Komkowska E, Skowron K. The influence of stress factors on selected phenotypic and genotypic features of Listeria monocytogenes - a pilot study. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:259. [PMID: 37716959 PMCID: PMC10504795 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes are Gram-positive rods, widespread in the environment due to their wide tolerance to changing conditions. The apilot study aimed to assess the impact of six various stresses (heat, cold, osmotic, acid, alkali, frozen) on phenotypic features: MIC of antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, meropenem, erythromycin, co-trimoxazole; gradient stripes), motility, ability to form a biofilm (crystal violet method) and growth rate (OD and quantitative method), expression level of sigB (stress induced regulator of genes), agrA, agrB (associated with biofilm formation) and lmo2230, lmo0596 (acid and alkali stress) (qPCR) for three strains of L. monocytogenes. RESULTS Applied stress conditions contributed to changes in phenotypic features and expression levels of sigB, agrA, agrB, lmo2230 and lmo0596. Stress exposure increased MIC value for penicillin (ATCC 19111 - alkaline stress), ampicillin (472CC - osmotic, acid, alkaline stress), meropenem (strains: 55 C - acid, alkaline, o smotic, frozen stress; 472CC - acid, alkaline stress), erythromycin (strains: 55 C - acid stress; 472CC - acid, alkaline, osmotic stress; ATCC 19111 - osmotic, acid, alkaline, frozen stress), co-trimoxazole (strains: 55 C - acid stress; ATCC 19111 - osmotic, acid, alkaline stress). These changes, however, did not affect antibiotic susceptibility. The strain 472CC (a moderate biofilm former) increased biofilm production after exposure to all stress factors except heat and acid. The ATCC 19111 (a weak producer) formed moderate biofilm under all studied conditions except cold and frozen stress, respectively. The strain 55 C became a strong biofilm producer after exposure to cold and produced a weak biofilm in response to frozen stress. Three tested strains had lower growth rate (compared to the no stress variant) after exposure to heat stress. It has been found that the sigB transcript level increased under alkaline (472CC) stress and the agrB expression increased under cold, osmotic (55 C, 472CC), alkali and frozen (472CC) stress. In contrast, sigB transcript level decreased in response to acid and frozen stress (55 C), lmo2230 transcript level after exposure to acid and alkali stress (ATCC 19111), and lmo0596 transcript level after exposure to acid stress (ATCC 19111). CONCLUSIONS Environmental stress changes the ability to form a biofilm and the MIC values of antibiotics and affect the level of expression of selected genes, which may increase the survival and virulence of L. monocytogenes. Further research on a large L. monocytogenes population is needed to assess the molecular mechanism responsible for the correlation of antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation and resistance to stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jakub Korkus
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Budzyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Kacper Wnuk
- Department of Theoretical Foundations of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Computer Science, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medium in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Angelidis AS, Grammenou AS, Kotzamanidis C, Giadinis ND, Zdragas AG, Sergelidis D. Prevalence, Serotypes, Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm-Forming Ability of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Bulk-Tank Bovine Milk in Northern Greece. Pathogens 2023; 12:837. [PMID: 37375527 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in bovine bulk-tank milk (BTM) in Greece has not been previously investigated. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in bovine BTM in Greece and to characterize the isolates in terms of carriage of genes encoding for pathogenic determinants, assess the isolates' biofilm-forming ability and determine their susceptibility against 12 antimicrobials. Samples (n = 138) of bovine BTM were obtained from farms located throughout Northern Greece and were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively for L. monocytogenes. Five samples (3.6%) tested positive for L. monocytogenes. The pathogen's populations in these positive samples were below 5 CFU/mL. Most isolates belonged to the molecular serogroup "1/2a, 3a". All isolates carried the virulence genes inlA, inlC, inlJ, iap, plcA and hlyA, but actA was detected in only three isolates. The isolates displayed weak to moderate biofilm-forming ability and distinct antimicrobial resistance profiles. All isolates were characterized as multidrug resistant, with resistance to penicillin and clindamycin being a common feature. Considering that L. monocytogenes constitutes a serious public health threat, the key findings of the study, related to the carriage of virulence genes and multidrug resistance, highlight the importance of continued monitoring of the pathogen in farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos S Angelidis
- Laboratory of Safety and Quality of Milk and Dairy Products, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Afroditi S Grammenou
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin-Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Kotzamanidis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Nektarios D Giadinis
- Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios G Zdragas
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Veterinary Research Institute of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Daniel Sergelidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene of Foods of Animal Origin-Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Guidi F, Centorotola G, Chiaverini A, Iannetti L, Schirone M, Visciano P, Cornacchia A, Scattolini S, Pomilio F, D'Alterio N, Torresi M. The Slaughterhouse as Hotspot of CC1 and CC6 Listeria monocytogenes Strains with Hypervirulent Profiles in an Integrated Poultry Chain of Italy. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1543. [PMID: 37375045 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In Europe, very few studies are available regarding the diversity of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) clonal complexes (CCs) and sequence types (ST) in poultry and on the related typing of isolates using whole genome sequencing (WGS). In this study, we used a WGS approach to type 122 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from chicken neck skin samples collected in two different slaughterhouses of an integrated Italian poultry company. The studied strains were classified into five CCs: CC1-ST1 (21.3%), CC6-ST6 (22.9%), CC9-ST9 (44.2%), CC121-ST121 (10.6%) and CC193-ST193 (0.8%). CC1 and CC6 strains presented a virulence gene profile composed of 60 virulence genes and including the Listeria Pathogenicity Island 3, aut_IVb, gltA and gltB. According to cgMLST and SNPs analysis, long-term persistent clusters belonging to CC1 and CC6 were found in one of the two slaughterhouses. The reasons mediating the persistence of these CCs (up to 20 months) remain to be elucidated, and may involve the presence and the expression of stress response and environmental adaptation genes including heavy metals resistance genes (cadAC, arsBC, CsoR-copA-copZ), multidrug efflux pumps (mrpABCEF, EmrB, mepA, bmrA, bmr3, norm), cold-shock tolerance (cspD) and biofilm-formation determinants (lmo0673, lmo2504, luxS, recO). These findings indicated a serious risk of poultry finished products contamination with hypervirulent L. monocytogenes clones and raised concern for the consumer health. In addition to the AMR genes norB, mprF, lin and fosX, ubiquitous in L. monocytogenes strains, we also identified parC for quinolones, msrA for macrolides and tetA for tetracyclines. Although the phenotypical expression of these AMR genes was not tested, none of them is known to confer resistance to the primary antibiotics used to treat listeriosis The obtained results increase the data on the L. monocytogenes clones circulating in Italy and in particular in the poultry chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Guidi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Centorotola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Alexandra Chiaverini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Luigi Iannetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Maria Schirone
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini, 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Pierina Visciano
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini, 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cornacchia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Silvia Scattolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Nicola D'Alterio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Marina Torresi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Wu J, McAuliffe O, O'Byrne CP. Trehalose transport occurs via TreB in Listeria monocytogenes and it influences biofilm development and acid resistance. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 394:110165. [PMID: 36933360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacterium that can inhabit a diverse range of environmental niches. This is largely attributed to the high proportion of carbohydrate-specific phosphotransferase system (PTS) genes in its genome. Carbohydrates can be assimilated as sources of energy but additionally they can serve as niche-specific cues for L. monocytogenes to shape its global gene expression, in order to cope with anticipated stresses. To examine carbon source utilization among wild L. monocytogenes isolates and to understand underlying molecular mechanisms, a diverse collection of L. monocytogenes strains (n = 168) with whole genome sequence (WGS) data available was screened for the ability to grow in chemically defined media with different carbon sources. The majority of the strains grew in glucose, mannose, fructose, cellobiose, glycerol, trehalose, and sucrose. Maltose, lactose, and rhamnose supported slower growth while ribose did not support any growth. In contrast to other strains, strain1386, which belonged to clonal complex 5 (CC5), was unable to grow on trehalose as a sole carbon source. WGS data revealed that it carried a substitution (N352K) in a putative PTS EIIBC trehalose transporter, TreB, while this asparagine residue is conserved in other strains in this collection. Spontaneous mutants of strain 1386 that could grow in trehalose were found to harbour a reversion of the substitution in TreB. These results provide genetic evidence that TreB is responsible for trehalose uptake and that the N352 residue is essential for TreB activity. Moreover, reversion mutants also restored other unusual phenotypes that strain 1386 displayed, i.e. altered colony morphology, impaired biofilm development, and reduced acid resistance. Transcriptional analysis at stationary phase with buffered BHI media revealed that trehalose metabolism positively influences the transcription of genes encoding amino acid-based acid resistance mechanisms. In summary, our results demonstrated that N352 is key to the function of the sole trehalose transporter TreB in L. monocytogenes and suggest that trehalose metabolism alters physiology to favour biofilm development and acid stress resistance. Moreover, since strain 1386 is among the strains recommended by the European Union Reference Laboratory for conducting food challenge studies in order to determine whether or not L. monocytogenes can grow in food, these findings have important implications for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Wu
- Bacterial Stress Response Group, Microbiology, School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | | | - Conor P O'Byrne
- Bacterial Stress Response Group, Microbiology, School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.
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Shen P, Ding K, Wang L, Tian J, Huang X, Zhang M, Dang X. In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of antimicrobial peptide Jelleine-I against foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 387:110050. [PMID: 36508953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a human foodborne pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes can cause severe human listeriosis and develop resistance to antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced from all kingdoms of life and regarded as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Jelleine-I is an AMP identified from honeybees royal jelly. In this study, we explored the activity and action mechanism of Jelleine-I against L. monocytogenes. We found its minimum inhibitory concentration to be 12.5 μg/mL. Membrane permeability analysis revealed that Jelleine-I increased L. monocytogenes cell membrane permeability, causing calcium leakage. Scanning, transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy revealed that Jelleine-I destroyed membrane integrity, disrupted intracellular structures and interacted with the bacterial DNA. DNA binding analysis demonstrated that Jelleine-I bound to bacterial genomic DNA. Results of reverse transcription-quantitative PCR revealed that Jelleine-I affected bacterial DNA replication gene expression levels. Moreover, Jelleine-I induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from fluorescence intensity analysis, and inhibited bacterial biofilm formation. Results of immunomodulation in Galleria mellonella revealed that Jelleine-I increased host hemocyte counts, upregulated host AMP gene (Gloverin and Cecropin D) expression, and inhibited proinfammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6) production induced by bacterial infection. It efficiently killed bacteria and increased the survival rate of infected insects to 70 %. Furthermore, Jelleine-I increased the G1 to S phase transition in mammalian cells from cells cycle analysis, and cytotoxicity assay results indicated that it promoted cell proliferation without hemolysis or cytotoxicity. Collectively, Jelleine-I possesses antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and cell proliferative activities, and is a promising candidate for preventing L. monocytogenes emergence and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Shen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kang Ding
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jinhuan Tian
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Material, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiuhong Huang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Material, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangli Dang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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8
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Understanding the Effect of Ozone on Listeria monocytogenes and Resident Microbiota of Gorgonzola Cheese Surface: A Culturomic Approach. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172640. [PMID: 36076825 PMCID: PMC9455919 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes on Gorgonzola cheese surface was reported by many authors, with risks arising from the translocation of the pathogen inside the product during cutting procedures. Among the novel antimicrobial strategies, ozone may represent a useful tool against L. monocytogenes contamination on Gorgonzola cheese rind. In this study, the effect of gaseous ozone (2 and 4 ppm for 10 min) on L. monocytogenes and resident microbiota of Gorgonzola cheese rind stored at 4 °C for 63 days was evaluated. A culturomic approach, based on the use of six media and identification of colonies by MALDI-TOF MS, was used to analyse variations of resident populations. The decrease of L. monocytogenes was less pronounced in ozonised rinds with final loads of ~1 log CFU/g higher than controls. This behaviour coincided with a lower maximum population density of lactobacilli in treated samples at day 28. No significant differences were detected for the other microbial determinations and resident microbiota composition among treated and control samples. The dominant genera were Candida, Carnobacterium, Staphylococcus, Penicillium, Saccharomyces, Aerococcus, Yarrowia, and Enterococcus. Based on our results, ozone was ineffective against L. monocytogenes contamination on Gorgonzola rinds. The higher final L. monocytogenes loads in treated samples could be associated with a suppressive effect of ozone on lactobacilli, since these are antagonists of L. monocytogenes. Our outcomes suggest the potential use of culturomics to study the ecosystems of complex matrices, such as the surface of mould and blue-veined cheeses.
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