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Yang MM, Yarragudi SB, Jamieson SMF, Tang M, Wilson WR, Wu Z. Calcium Enabled Remote Loading of a Weak Acid Into pH-sensitive Liposomes and Augmented Cytosolic Delivery to Cancer Cells via the Proton Sponge Effect. Pharm Res. [PMID: 35229237 PMCID: PMC9197910 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
While delivery of chemotherapeutics to cancer cells by nanomedicines can improve therapeutic outcomes, many fail due to the low drug loading (DL), poor cellular uptake and endosomal entrapment. This study investigated the potential to overcome these limitations using pH-sensitive liposomes (PSL) empowered by the use of calcium acetate. An acidic dinitrobenzamide mustard prodrug SN25860 was used as a model drug, with non pH-sensitive liposomes (NPSL) as a reference. Calcium acetate as a remote loading agent allowed to engineer PSL- and NPSL-SN25860 with DL of > 31.1% (w/w). The IC50 of PSL-SN25860 was 21- and 141-fold lower than NPSL and free drug, respectively. At 48 h following injection of PSL-SN25860, NPSL-SN25860 and the free drug, drug concentrations in EMT6-nfsB murine breast tumors were 56.3 µg/g, 6.76 µg/g and undetectable (< 0.015 µg/g), respectively (n = 3). Meanwhile, the ex vivo tumor clonogenic assay showed 9.1%, 19.4% and 42.7% cell survival in the respective tumors. Live-cell imaging and co-localization analysis suggested endosomal escape was accomplished by destabilization of PSL followed by release of Ca2+ in endosomes allowing induction of a proton sponge effect. Subsequent endosomal rupture was observed approximately 30 min following endocytosis of PSL containing Ca2+. Additionally, calcium in liposomes promoted internalization of both PSL and NPSL. Taken together, this study demonstrated multifaceted functions of calcium acetate in promoting drug loading into liposomes, cellular uptake, and endosomal escape of PSL for efficient cytoplasmic drug delivery. The results shed light on designing nano-platforms for cytoplasmic delivery of various therapeutics.
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Zhang Y, Carney D, Henninot A, Srinivasan K. Novel High-Throughput Strategy for the Aqueous Solubility Assessment of Peptides and Proteins Exhibiting a Propensity for Gelation: Application to the Discovery of Novel Antibacterial Teixobactin Analogues. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:469-474. [PMID: 33290075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel high-throughput aqueous solubility assay was developed for peptides and proteins exhibiting a high gelling propensity (in this case, antibacterial teixobactin analogues). By integrating the assessment of gel formation, as indicated by an increase in the solution viscosity, into the peptide equilibrium solubility screening assay, we were able to estimate the "free-flowing solubility", which is defined as the concentration at which the peptide solution not only is fully dissolved but also is a liquid exhibiting ideal flowing characteristics. In this workflow, peptide solutions passing the turbidity assessment were further screened by viscosity measurements based on nanobead-assisted dynamic light scattering analysis in a 96-well plate. The method is able to effectively detect the initiation of peptide gelation and facilitate compound ranking based on their aqueous solubility. The application of such an approach helped confirm that the substitution of Ser3 in teixobactin led to desired physicochemical improvements and provided a focal point for further chemistry structure-activity relationship exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- DMPK, Ferring Research Institute Inc, 4245 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel Carney
- Molecular Design, Ferring Research Institute Inc, 4245 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Antoine Henninot
- Molecular Design, Ferring Research Institute Inc, 4245 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Karthik Srinivasan
- DMPK, Ferring Research Institute Inc, 4245 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Paredes AJ, Camacho NM, Schofs L, Dib A, Zarazaga MDP, Litterio N, Allemandi DA, Sánchez Bruni S, Lanusse C, Palma SD. Ricobendazole nanocrystals obtained by media milling and spray drying: Pharmacokinetic comparison with the micronized form of the drug. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119501. [PMID: 32512225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Helminthic infections are produced by different types of worms and affect millions of people worldwide. Benzimidazole compounds such as ricobendazole (RBZ) are widely used to treat helminthiasis. However, their low aqueous solubility leads to poor gastrointestinal dissolution, absorption and potential lack of efficacy. The formulation of nanocrystals (NCs) have become the strategy of preference for hydrophobic drugs. In this work, we prepared RBZ NCs (RBZ-NCs) by an optimized combination of bead milling and spray-drying. Following the physicochemical characterization, a comparative pharmacokinetic evaluation of RBZ-NCs was performed in dogs using as controls a micronized powdered form of RBZ (mRBZ) and a physical mixture of drug and stabilizer 1:1 (PM). The particle size of the redispersed RBZ-NCs was 181.30 ± 5.93 nm, whereas DSC, PXRD and FTIR analyses demonstrated that the active ingredient RBZ remained physicochemically unchanged after the manufacture process. RBZ-NCs exhibited improved in vitro biopharmaceutical behaviour when compared to mRBZ. Consequently, the pharmacokinetic trial demonstrated a significant increase in the drug oral absorption, with an AUC0-∞ 1.9-fold higher in comparison to that obtained in animals treated with mRBZ. This novel formulation holds substantial potential for the development of new/alternative treatments for helminth infections both in human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro J Paredes
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nahuel M Camacho
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laureano Schofs
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICET-CICPBA), Fac. Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Campus Universitario, Los Ombúes y Reforma Universitaria, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Alicia Dib
- Departamento de Clínicas y Hospital Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Alberto Lasplaces 1620, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Del Pilar Zarazaga
- IRNASUS CONICET-Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Av. Armada Argentina, 3554, CP X5016DHK Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Litterio
- IRNASUS CONICET-Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Av. Armada Argentina, 3554, CP X5016DHK Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Allemandi
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sergio Sánchez Bruni
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICET-CICPBA), Fac. Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Campus Universitario, Los Ombúes y Reforma Universitaria, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICET-CICPBA), Fac. Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Campus Universitario, Los Ombúes y Reforma Universitaria, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Santiago D Palma
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000XHUA Córdoba, Argentina.
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Chowdhury MR, Moshikur RM, Wakabayashi R, Tahara Y, Kamiya N, Moniruzzaman M, Goto M. Ionic-Liquid-Based Paclitaxel Preparation: A New Potential Formulation for Cancer Treatment. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2484-2488. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Raihan Chowdhury
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Rahman Md Moshikur
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Rie Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery System Center, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Advanced Transdermal Drug Delivery System Center, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Trapani A, Tricarico D, Mele A, Maqoud F, Mandracchia D, Vitale P, Capriati V, Trapani G, Dimiccoli V, Tolomeo A, Scilimati A. A novel injectable formulation of 6-fluoro-l-DOPA imaging agent for diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors and Parkinson's disease. Int J Pharm 2017; 519:304-13. [PMID: 28119123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Two [19F]F-l-DOPA (F-DOPA) new β-cyclodextrin (CD)-based dosage forms (FA and FB, respectively) have been studied and their physico-chemical and pharmacological features determined to overcome the administration site reactions showed by the currently used [18F]F-l-DOPA formulation (IASOdopa®) to perform PET-CT diagnosis in oncology (neuroendocrine tumors) and neurological (Parkinson's disease) field. Chemical stability of FA and FB was found to be longer than IASOdopa® by adding the thiol-antioxidant agent, L-Cysteine. 1H and 19F NMR investigations suggest the formation of an inclusion complex of F-DOPA with β-CD. In vitro experiments on the effects of FA and FB on mouse skeletal muscle fibers and on the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and embryonal kidney tsA201 cell lines viability showed that FA was the most performant formulation compared to F-DOPA solutions. In vivo tolerability tests of FA on adult male rat showed no significant effects on body weight and no change in their dried organs weight. In addition, their metabolic and physiological parameters were not affected. In conclusion, [18F]F-l-DOPA, formulated as FA, constitutes a promising dosage form for PET-CT diagnosis of both neuroendocrine tumors and Parkinson's disease.
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Lai W, Kang Q, Zou C, Li Q, Sun H, Tan W. Development of a liquid formulation of poorly water-soluble isosteviol sodium using the co-solvent technology. Pharm Dev Technol 2016; 22:275-282. [PMID: 27557399 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2016.1226900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An intravenously injectable liquid formulation of the poorly water-soluble isosteviol sodium (ISVNa) that has a great clinical potential for cardiovascular diseases was developed using the co-solvent technology. The pH and composition of the co-solvent were optimized to obtain a stable liquid formulation (termed as STVNa) based on saline at pH 10.0 containing 25% (v/v) of ethanol and 20% (v/v) of propylene glycol. STVNa was physicochemically stable upon storage for more than 3 months under various conditions. In vitro studies showed that STVNa did not induce hemolytic effects up to 9.1% (v/v) after 3 h of incubation and it was cytocompatible up to 50 μg/mL in H2C9 cells. Furthermore, STVNa showed acceptable safety and pharmacokinetic parameters comparable with those of ISVNa in saline (dissolved at 60 °C) upon i.v. injection in Wistar rats. Overall, the results demonstrated that STVNa is a promising formulation of ISVNa for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshi Lai
- a School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China.,b Pre-incubator for Innovative Drugs and Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qiuhong Kang
- a School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China.,b Pre-incubator for Innovative Drugs and Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chengjuan Zou
- a School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China.,b Pre-incubator for Innovative Drugs and Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Qingrui Li
- a School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China.,b Pre-incubator for Innovative Drugs and Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Huiting Sun
- a School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China.,b Pre-incubator for Innovative Drugs and Medicine, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wen Tan
- a School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China.,c Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
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Krivoshiev BV, Dardenne F, Covaci A, Blust R, Husson SJ. Assessing in-vitro estrogenic effects of currently-used flame retardants. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 33:153-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Zhang W, Wang G, See E, Shaw JP, Baguley BC, Liu J, Amirapu S, Wu Z. Post-insertion of poloxamer 188 strengthened liposomal membrane and reduced drug irritancy and in vivo precipitation, superior to PEGylation. J Control Release 2015; 203:161-9. [PMID: 25701612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate aim of this study was to develop asulacrine (ASL)-loaded long-circulating liposomes to prevent phlebitis during intravenous (i.v.) infusion for chemotherapy. Poly(ethylene)glycol (PEG) and poloxamer 188-modified liposomes (ASL-PEGL and ASL-P188L) were developed, and ASL was loaded using a remote loading method facilitated with a low concentration of sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin as a drug solubilizer. The liposomes were characterized in terms of morphology, size, release properties and stability. Pharmacokinetics and venous tissue tolerance of the formulations were simultaneously studied in rabbits following one-hour i.v. infusion via the ear vein. The irritancy was assessed using a rat paw-lift/lick model after subplantar injections. High drug loading 9.0% w/w was achieved with no drug leakage found from ASL-PEGL or ASL-P188L suspended in a 5% glucose solution at 30days. However, a rapid release (leakage) from ASL-PEGL was observed when PBS was used as release medium, partially related to the use of cyclodextrin in drug loading. Post-insertion of poloxamer 188 to the liposomes appeared to be able to restore the drug retention possibly by increasing the packing density of phospholipids in the membrane. In rabbits (n=5), ASL-P188L had a prolonged half-life with no drug precipitation or inflammation in the rabbit ear vein in contrast to ASL solution. Following subplantar (footpad) injections in rats ASL solution induced paw-lick/lift responses in all rats whereas ASL-P188L caused no response (n=8). PEGylation showed less benefit possibly due to the drug 'leakage'. In conclusion, drug precipitation in the vein and the drug mild irritancy may both contribute to the occurrence of phlebitis caused by the ASL solution, and could both be prevented by encapsulation of the drug in liposomes. Poloxamer 188 appeared to be able to 'seal' the liposomal membrane and enhance drug retention. The study also highlighted the importance of bio-relevant in vitro release study in formulation screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Guangji Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Esther See
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John P Shaw
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bruce C Baguley
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jianping Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Satya Amirapu
- Anatomy, Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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9
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See E, Zhang W, Liu J, Svirskis D, Baguley BC, Shaw JP, Wang G, Wu Z. Physicochemical characterization of asulacrine towards the development of an anticancer liposomal formulation via active drug loading: stability, solubility, lipophilicity and ionization. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:528-35. [PMID: 25079434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate the development of a liposomal formulation for cancer therapy, the physicochemical properties of asulacrine (ASL), an anticancer drug candidate, were characterized. Nano-liposomes were prepared by thin-film hydration in conjugation with active drug loading using ammonium sulphate and post-insertion with Poloxamer 188. A stability-indicating HPLC assay with diode array detection was developed for the determination of ASL concentrations. The U-shaped pH-solubility profile in aqueous solutions, with a lowest solubility at pH 7.4 (0.843 μg/mL), indicated that ASL is an ampholyte, and dilution or neutralization of acidic drug solutions used in clinical trials with physiological fluids may cause drug precipitation. The basic pKa value measured by absorbance spectroscopy was 6.72. The logD value at pH 3.8 was 1.15 which increased to 3.24 as pH increased to 7.4. ASL was found to be the most stable in acidic conditions and degraded most rapidly in alkaline conditions. An extra-liposomal pH of 5.6 during drug loading was found to be optimal to achieve the highest drug loading (DL) of 4.76% and entrapment efficiency (EE) of 99.9%. At this pH, >90% of ASL was ionized conferring high drug solubility (1mg/mL) and acted as a reservoir of unionized ASL to be transported into liposomal cores. As a suspension the optimized liposomes showed great physicochemical stability for five months at 4°C. In summary, the obtained physicochemical parameters provided insightful information useful to maximise DL into the liposomes, and explain a tendency of drug precipitation of pH-solubilized formulations following intravenous infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther See
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 114, New Zealand
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 114, New Zealand
| | - Jianping Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 114, New Zealand
| | - Bruce C Baguley
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John P Shaw
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 114, New Zealand
| | - Guangji Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 114, New Zealand.
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Chutoprapat R, Chan LW, Heng PWS. Ex-vivo permeation study of chlorin e6-polyvinylpyrrolidone complexes through the chick chorioallantoic membrane model. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:943-53. [PMID: 24697155 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of the hydrophilic polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the ex-vivo permeability of the poorly water-soluble photosensitizer, chlorin e6 (Ce6) using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. METHODS The CAM was removed from the fertilized chicken egg at embryo age of 15 days. The permeation profiles of Ce6 and PVP complexes (Ce6-PVP) at 1:0, 1:1, 1:10, 1:50 and 1:100 w/w in different pH conditions were first studied using the CAM model with Franz diffusion cell over 8 h. The solution viscosity of the formulations and apparent solubility of Ce6 were also investigated. KEY FINDINGS The permeability of Ce6 was found to be directly proportional to the amount of PVP used and the apparent solubility of Ce6. Permeability was only marginally affected by the solution viscosity of the formulations. The permeability of Ce6 was lowered in the acidic pH. Ce6-PVP at 1:100 w/w gave the highest percentage release of Ce6 across the CAM, with 23% at pH 3 and 55% at pH 7.4, after 8 h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present work suggests that PVP had served as penetration enhancer for the poorly water-soluble Ce6 and the CAM can serve as a useful biological membrane model for preclinical permeability study of biological and pharmaceutical substances. The Ce6-PVP formulation at 1:100 w/w can be applied for the further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romchat Chutoprapat
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Petruševska M, Urleb U, Peternel L. Evaluation of the light scattering and the turbidity microtiter plate-based methods for the detection of the excipient-mediated drug precipitation inhibition. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:1148-56. [PMID: 24056092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The excipient-mediated precipitation inhibition is classically determined by the quantification of the dissolved compound in the solution. In this study, two alternative approaches were evaluated, one is the light scattering (nephelometer) and other is the turbidity (plate reader) microtiter plate-based methods which are based on the quantification of the compound precipitate. Following the optimization of the nephelometer settings (beam focus, laser gain) and the experimental conditions, the screening of 23 excipients on the precipitation inhibition of poorly soluble fenofibrate and dipyridamole was performed. The light scattering method resulted in excellent correlation (r>0.91) between the calculated precipitation inhibitor parameters (PIPs) and the precipitation inhibition index (PI(classical)) obtained by the classical approach for fenofibrate and dipyridamole. Among the evaluated PIPs AUC100 (nephelometer) resulted in only four false positives and lack of false negatives. In the case of the turbidity-based method a good correlation of the PI(classical) was obtained for the PIP maximal optical density (OD(max), r=0.91), however, only for fenofibrate. In the case of the OD(max) (plate reader) five false positives and two false negatives were identified. In conclusion, the light scattering-based method outperformed the turbidity-based one and could be reliably used for identification of novel precipitation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Petruševska
- Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Pharmaceutical and Biological Profiling, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Wu Z, Hassan D, Shaw JP. In-vitro prediction of bioavailability following extravascular injection of poorly soluble drugs: an insight into clinical failure and the role of delivery systems. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:1429-39. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the feasibility of using an in-vitro model to simulate the incidence of post-injection drug precipitation (PDP), and to identify the roles of drug properties and delivery systems in its occurrence.
Methods
A literature review on incomplete absorption following extravascular injection (subcutaneous and intramuscular) was conducted. Six model drugs in nine different formulations were studied for an in-vitro/in-vivo correlation. A rapid in-vitro dilution method using a 96-well plate was used for predicting PDP by dilution with a physiological buffer. New formulations based on hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD), with and without co-solvents or pH control, were developed and tested on the in-vitro model.
Key findings
The occurrence of precipitation detected from the in-vitro dilution model appeared to be correlated with clinical reports and animal studies. The formulation components played an important role in determining the potential for drug precipitation on dilution or pH neutralization. CD was found to reduce the tendency for precipitation. The addition of co-solvents may reduce the effect of CD, depending on the solvent used.
Conclusions
The in-vitro model can be used as a cost-effective screening tool in injectable formulation development for safe and effective delivery of poorly soluble drugs. PDP can be circumvented with a well-designed formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dalia Hassan
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John P Shaw
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Chandran S, Gesenberg C, Levons J, Hubert M, Raghavan K. A high-throughput spectrophotometric approach for evaluation of precipitation resistance. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:698-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Wu Z, Tucker IG, Razzak M, Yang L, McSporran K, Medlicott NJ. Absorption and tissue tolerance of ricobendazole in the presence of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin following subcutaneous injection in sheep. Int J Pharm 2010; 397:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Wu Z, Tucker IG, Razzak M, McSporran K, Medlicott NJ. Tissue compatibility and pharmacokinetics of three potential subcutaneous injectables for low-pH drug solutions. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.07.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Measurement of drug solubility in various solvents is one of the key elements of compound characterization during the whole discovery and development process. This review summarizes current experimental approaches and addresses recent advances in the experimental methods used to determine drug solubility in drug discovery and early development. This paper focuses on high throughput methods designed to determine kinetic and thermodynamic (equilibrium) solubility but traditional methods are also presented. The focus, positioning, experimental setup, pros and cons, and limitations of individual assays are discussed and differences in solubility studies in discovery and development environments are highlighted. Finally, future needs and trends in solubility assay development designed to overcome current bottlenecks and trade-offs between speed and quality/quantity of measurements are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem Alsenz
- Preclinical Research, Pharma Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4002 Basle, Switzerland.
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