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Jeong J, Choe J. Akt, IL-4, and STAT Proteins Play Distinct Roles in Prostaglandin Production in Human Follicular Dendritic Cell-like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16692. [PMID: 38069015 PMCID: PMC10706142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the role of Akt protein in the induction and inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) in human follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-like cells. FDC-like cells and B cells were isolated from human tonsils. PG production was assessed using enzyme immunoassay, while the upstream cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein levels were measured using immunoblotting with FDC-like cells transfected with Akt siRNA to analyze the impact of Akt knockdown. The COX-2 expression and PG production induced with IL-1β were significantly increased by Akt knockdown. However, IL-1β did not significantly alter either total or phosphorylated Akt protein levels. Akt knockdown resulted in the augmentation of COX-2 expression induced by B cells, although the addition of B cells did not significantly modulate both total and phosphorylated Akt proteins. In contrast, IL-4 specifically exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on COX-2 protein induction and PG production via STAT6. The inhibitory activity of IL-4 was not hampered by Akt knockdown. Interestingly, COX-2 expression levels induced with IL-1β were markedly modulated with STAT1 and STAT3 knockdown. STAT1 silencing resulted in further augmentation of COX-2, whereas STAT3 silencing prohibited IL-1β from stimulating COX-2 expression. The current results suggest that Akt, IL-4, and STAT1 play inhibitory roles in PG production in FDC-like cells and expand our knowledge of the immune inflammatory milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jongseon Choe
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in BIT Medical Convergence, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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2
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Minskaia E, Maimaris J, Jenkins P, Albuquerque AS, Hong Y, Eleftheriou D, Gilmour KC, Grace R, Moreira F, Grimbacher B, Morris EC, Burns SO. Autosomal Dominant STAT6 Gain of Function Causes Severe Atopy Associated with Lymphoma. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:1611-1622. [PMID: 37316763 PMCID: PMC10499697 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor STAT6 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6) is a key regulator of Th2 (T-helper 2) mediated allergic inflammation via the IL-4 (interleukin-4) JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT signalling pathway. We identified a novel heterozygous germline mutation STAT6 c.1255G > C, p.D419H leading to overactivity of IL-4 JAK/STAT signalling pathway, in a kindred affected by early-onset atopic dermatitis, food allergy, eosinophilic asthma, anaphylaxis and follicular lymphoma. STAT6 D419H expression and functional activity were compared with wild type STAT6 in transduced HEK293T cells and to healthy control primary skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We observed consistently higher STAT6 levels at baseline and higher STAT6 and phosphorylated STAT6 following IL-4 stimulation in D419H cell lines and primary cells compared to wild type controls. The pSTAT6/STAT6 ratios were unchanged between D419H and control cells suggesting that elevated pSTAT6 levels resulted from higher total basal STAT6 expression. The selective JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib reduced pSTAT6 levels in D419H HEK293T cells and patient PBMC. Nuclear staining demonstrated increased STAT6 in patient fibroblasts at baseline and both STAT6 and pSTAT6 after IL-4 stimulation. We also observed higher transcriptional upregulation of downstream genes (XBP1 and EPAS1) in patient PBMC. Our study confirms STAT6 gain of function (GOF) as a novel monogenetic cause of early onset atopic disease. The clinical association of lymphoma in our kindred, along with previous data linking somatic STAT6 D419H mutations to follicular lymphoma suggest that patients with STAT6 GOF disease may be at higher risk of lymphomagenesis.245 words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Minskaia
- University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
| | - Jesmeen Maimaris
- University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK.
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Persephone Jenkins
- University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
| | | | - Ying Hong
- Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Despina Eleftheriou
- Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Rheumatology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kimberly C Gilmour
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Great Ormond Street Hospital of Children NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Richard Grace
- Department of Haematology, East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Saint Leonards-on-sea, UK
| | - Fernando Moreira
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emma C Morris
- University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Siobhan O Burns
- University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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3
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Abd El-Aleem SA, Saber EA, Aziz NM, El-Sherif H, Abdelraof AM, Djouhri L. Follicular dendritic cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:2019-2033. [PMID: 34918359 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are unique accessory immune cells that contribute to the regulation of humoral immunity. They are multitasker cells essential for the organization and maintenance of the lymphoid architecture, induction of germinal center reaction, production of B memory cells, and protection from autoimmune disorders. They perform their activities through both antigen-driven and chemical signaling to B cells. FDCs play a crucial role in the physiological regulation of the immune response. Dis-regulation of this immune response results when FDCs retain antigens for years. This provides a constant antigenic stimulation for B cells resulting in the development of immune disorders. Antigen trapped on FDCs is resistant to therapeutic intervention causing chronicity and recurrences. Beyond their physiological immunoregulatory functions, FDCs are involved in the pathogenesis of several immune-related disorders including HIV/AIDS, prion diseases, chronic inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders. FDCs have also been recently implicated in rare neoplasms of lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues. Understanding FDC biology is essential for better control of humoral immunity and opens the gate for therapeutic management of FDC-mediated immune disorders. Thus, the biology of FDCs has become a hot research area in the last couple of decades. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of FDCs and their role in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Entesar Ali Saber
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Minia University, Minya, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Neven M Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt.,Department of Physiology, Minia Faculty of Medicine, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hani El-Sherif
- Department of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Abdelraof
- Public Health, Community, Environmental and Occupational Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Laiche Djouhri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine (QU Health), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Williams TC, Jackson DJ, Maltby S, Walton RP, Ching YM, Glanville N, Singanayagam A, Brewins JJ, Clarke D, Hirsman AG, Loo SL, Wei L, Beale JE, Casolari P, Caramori G, Papi A, Belvisi M, Wark PAB, Johnston SL, Edwards MR, Bartlett NW. Rhinovirus-induced CCL17 and CCL22 in Asthma Exacerbations and Differential Regulation by STAT6. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:344-356. [PMID: 33264064 PMCID: PMC7909342 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0011oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay of type-2 inflammation and antiviral immunity underpins asthma exacerbation pathogenesis. Virus infection induces type-2 inflammation-promoting chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 in asthma; however, mechanisms regulating induction are poorly understood. By using a human rhinovirus (RV) challenge model in human airway epithelial cells in vitro and mice in vivo, we assessed mechanisms regulating CCL17 and CCL22 expression. Subjects with mild to moderate asthma and healthy volunteers were experimentally infected with RV and airway CCL17 and CCL22 protein quantified. In vitro airway epithelial cell- and mouse-RV infection models were then used to define STAT6- and NF-κB-mediated regulation of CCL17 and CCL22 expression. Following RV infection, CCL17 and CCL22 expression was higher in asthma, which differentially correlated with clinical and immunological parameters. Air-liquid interface-differentiated primary epithelial cells from donors with asthma also expressed higher levels of RV-induced CCL22. RV infection boosted type-2 cytokine-induced STAT6 activation. In epithelial cells, type-2 cytokines and STAT6 activation had differential effects on chemokine expression, increasing CCL17 and suppressing CCL22, whereas NF-κB promoted expression of both chemokines. In mice, RV infection activated pulmonary STAT6, which was required for CCL17 but not CCL22 expression. STAT6-knockout mice infected with RV expressed increased levels of NF-κB-regulated chemokines, which was associated with rapid viral clearance. Therefore, RV-induced upregulation of CCL17 and CCL22 was mediated by NF-κB activation, whereas expression was differentially regulated by STAT6. Together, these findings suggest that therapeutic targeting of type-2 STAT6 activation alone will not block all inflammatory pathways during RV infection in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa C. Williams
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J. Jackson
- Asthma UK Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Guy’s Severe Asthma Centre, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Maltby
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ross P. Walton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yee-Mann Ching
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Glanville
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer J. Brewins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Clarke
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Department, MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aurica G. Hirsman
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Su-Ling Loo
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lan Wei
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janine E. Beale
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Casolari
- Interdepartmental Study Center for Inflammatory and Smoke-Related Airway Diseases, Cardiorespiratory and Internal Medicine Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Interdepartmental Study Center for Inflammatory and Smoke-Related Airway Diseases, Cardiorespiratory and Internal Medicine Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Pneumologia, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy; and
| | - Alberto Papi
- Interdepartmental Study Center for Inflammatory and Smoke-Related Airway Diseases, Cardiorespiratory and Internal Medicine Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Belvisi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Department, MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A. B. Wark
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Michael R. Edwards
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan W. Bartlett
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, Faculty Health and Medicine and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Hill J, Burnett T, Katial R. Mechanisms of Benefit with Aspirin Therapy in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2017; 36:735-747. [PMID: 27712767 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by severe persistent asthma, hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis with nasal polyps, and an intolerance to aspirin and other NSAIDs that preferentially inhibit COX-1. For more than 30 years, aspirin desensitization has proven to be of significant long-term benefit in carefully selected patients with AERD. Despite this, the exact mechanisms behind the therapeutic effects of aspirin desensitization remain poorly understood. In this article, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms of aspirin desensitization and discuss future areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hill
- Adult Program, Division of Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado, 1400 Jackson Street, K624, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Trever Burnett
- Northwest Asthma and Allergy Center, 9725 3rd Avenue Northeast, Suite 500, Northgate Executive Center II, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Rohit Katial
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado, 1400 Jackson Street, K624, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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Kim J, Lee S, Jeoung D, Kim YM, Choe J. Activated human B cells stimulate COX-2 expression in follicular dendritic cell-like cells via TNF-α. Mol Immunol 2018; 94:1-6. [PMID: 29241029 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the potential importance of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in the germinal center, its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. COX-2 is the key enzyme generating pleiotropic prostaglandins. Based on our previous findings, we hypothesized that lymphocytes would stimulate COX-2 expression in follicular dendritic cell (FDC) by liberating cytokines. In this study, we examined the effect of tonsillar lymphocytes on COX-2 expression in FDC-like cells by immunoblotting. B but not T cells induced COX-2 protein in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Sub-fractionation analysis of B cell subsets revealed that activated but not resting B cells were responsible for the COX-2 induction. Confocal microscopy of frozen tonsils demonstrated that FDCs indeed express COX-2 in situ, in line with the in vitro results. To identify the stimulating molecule, we added neutralizing antibodies to the coculture of FDC-like cells and B cells. COX-2 induction in FDC-like cells was markedly inhibited by TNF-α neutralizing antibody. Finally, the actual production of TNF-α by activated B cells was confirmed by an enzyme immunoassay. The current study implies an unrecognized cellular interaction between FDC and B cells leading to COX-2 expression during immune inflammatory responses.
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7
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Choe J, Yoon Y, Kim J, Jung YJ. Positive feedback effect of PGE 2 on cyclooxygenase-2 expression is mediated by inhibition of Akt phosphorylation in human follicular dendritic cell-like cells. Mol Immunol 2017; 87:60-66. [PMID: 28407559 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are bioactive lipid mediators generated from the phospholipids of cell membrane in response to various inflammatory signals. To understand the potential role of PGs in PG production itself during immune inflammatory responses, we examined the effect of PGE2, PGF2α, and beraprost on COX-2 expression using follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-like HK cells isolated from human tonsils. Those three PGs specifically augmented COX-2 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner after 4 or 8h of treatment. The enhancing effect was also reflected in the actual production of PGs and the viable cell recovery of germinal center B-cells. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanism, we examined the impact of PI3K inhibitors on PG-induced COX-2 expression. Interestingly, COX-2 induction by PGE2 and beraprost, but not PGF2α, was enhanced by wortmannin and LY294002. In line with this result, Akt phosphorylation was inhibited by PGE2 and beraprost but not by PGF2α. The distinct effect of PGE2 and beraprost from PGF2α was reproduced in Akt-knockdowned HK cells. Our current findings imply that PGE2 and PGI2 stimulate COX-2 expression in FDC by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation. Additional studies are warranted to determine the potential role of Akt as a therapeutic target in patients with inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseon Choe
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongdae Yoon
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jini Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Choe J, Park J, Lee S, Kim YM, Jeoung D. Opposing roles of TGF-β in prostaglandin production by human follicular dendritic cell-like cells. Mol Immunol 2016; 76:41-8. [PMID: 27344616 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are recognized as important immune regulators. Using human follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-like HK cells, we have investigated the immunoregulatory role of PGs and their production mechanisms. The present study was aimed at determining the role of TGF-β in IL-1β-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by immunoblotting. COX-2 is the key enzyme responsible for PG production in HK cells. TGF-β, when added simultaneously with IL-1β, gave rise to an additive effect on COX-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. However, TGF-β inhibited IL-1β-stimulated COX-2 expression when it was added at least 12h before IL-1β addition. The inhibitory effect of TGF-β was specific to IL-1β-induced COX-2 expression in HK cells. The stimulating and inhibitory effects of TGF-β were reproduced in IL-1β-stimulated PG production. Based on our previous results of the essential requirement of ERK and p38 MAPKs in TGF-β-induced COX-2 expression, we examined whether the differential activation of these MAPKs would underlie the opposing activities of TGF-β. The phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPKs was indeed enhanced or suppressed by the simultaneous treatment or pre-treatment, respectively. These results suggest that TGF-β exerts opposing effects on IL-1β-induced COX-2 expression in HK cells by differentially regulating activation of ERK and p38 MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseon Choe
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihoon Park
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungkoo Lee
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Cho W, Kim Y, Kim J, Park S, Park D, Kim BC, Jeoung D, Kim YM, Choe J. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 is a positive regulator of TGF-β-induced prostaglandin production in human follicular dendritic cell-like cells. J Immunol 2015; 194:4287-97. [PMID: 25825445 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PGs are emerging as important immune modulators. Since our report on the expression of PG synthases in human follicular dendritic cells, we investigated the potential immunoregulatory function of PGs and their production mechanisms. In this study, we explored the intracellular signaling molecules mediating TGF-β-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 augmentation in follicular dendritic cell-like cells. TGF-β triggered phosphorylation of Smad3 and ERK, which were essential for the increase in COX-2 protein. Interestingly, depletion of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) resulted in an almost complete inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation and COX-2 induction. Nuclear translocation of Smad3 was inhibited in SOCS1-depleted cells. SOCS1 knockdown also downregulated TGF-β-stimulated Snail expression and its binding to the Cox-2 promoter. In contrast, overexpression of SOCS1 gave rise to a significant increase in Snail and COX-2 proteins. SOCS1 was reported to be a negative regulator of cytokine signaling by various investigators. However, our current data suggest that SOCS1 promotes TGF-β-induced COX-2 expression and PG production by facilitating Smad3 phosphorylation and Snail binding to the Cox-2 promoter. The complete understanding of the biological function of SOCS1 might be obtained via extensive studies with diverse cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whajung Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jini Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongji Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokbum Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Jongseon Choe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea; Bioinformation Technology Medical Convergence Graduate Program, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kim J, Yoon Y, Jeoung D, Kim YM, Choe J. Interferon-γ stimulates human follicular dendritic cell-like cells to produce prostaglandins via the JAK-STAT pathway. Mol Immunol 2015; 66:189-96. [PMID: 25818476 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ plays a critical role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Paying attention to the emerging role of prostaglandins (PGs) as immune regulators, we attempted to establish the effect of IFN-γ on PG production in human follicular dendritic cell-like HK cells and the underlying signaling pathway by using RNA interference technology. IFN-γ induced COX-2 protein expression in HK cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which was not observed in peripheral blood monocytes. Although IFN-γ induced phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5, only STAT1 was essential for the COX-2 augmentation. The JAK kinases responsible for IFN-γ-triggered STAT1 phosphorylation were JAK1 and JAK2, which were also required for the COX-2 induction. The essential requirement of JAK1 and JAK2 was verified by confocal microscopic analysis, since STAT1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation were impaired in HK cells with these two kinases knocked down. Finally, we demonstrated that JAK1, JAK2, and STAT1 were indispensable for the actual enhancement of PG production in response to IFN-γ stimulation. These results provide a novel insight into our understanding of IFN-γ under inflammatory conditions and support the emerging concept of PGs as important immune regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jini Kim
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongdae Yoon
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseon Choe
- BIT Medical Convergence Graduate Program and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Li Z, Guan YQ, Liu JM. The role of STAT-6 as a key transcription regulator in HeLa cell death induced by IFN-γ/TNF-α co-immobilized on nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5016-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Abstract
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease is a clinical syndrome characterized by severe, persistent asthma, hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis with nasal polyps, and reactions to aspirin and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs that preferentially inhibit cyclooxygenase 1. The mechanisms behind the therapeutic effects of aspirin desensitization remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that the clinical benefits may occur through direct inhibition of tyrosine kinases and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 signaling pathway, which results in inhibition of interleukin 4 production. In this article, the current understanding of the mechanisms of aspirin desensitization is reviewed and future areas of investigation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trever Burnett
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Abstract
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are unique immune cells that contribute to the regulation of humoral immune responses. These cells are located in the B-cell follicles of secondary lymphoid tissues where they trap and retain antigens (Ags) in the form of highly immunogenic immune complexes (ICs) consisting of Ag plus specific antibody (Ab) and/or complement proteins. FDCs multimerize Ags and present them polyvalently to B-cells in periodically arranged arrays that extensively crosslink the B-cell receptors for Ag (BCRs). FDC-FcγRIIB mediates IC periodicity, and FDC-Ag presentation combined with other soluble and membrane bound signals contributed by FDCs, like FDC-BAFF, -IL-6, and -C4bBP, are essential for the induction of the germinal center (GC) reaction, the maintenance of serological memory, and the remarkable ability of FDC-Ags to induce specific Ab responses in the absence of cognate T-cell help. On the other hand, FDCs play a negative role in several disease conditions including chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, HIV/AIDS, prion diseases, and follicular lymphomas. Compared to other accessory immune cells, FDCs have received little attention, and their functions have not been fully elucidated. This review gives an overview of FDC structure, and recapitulates our current knowledge on the immunoregulatory functions of FDCs in health and disease. A better understanding of FDCs should permit better regulation of Ab responses to suit the therapeutic manipulation of regulated and dysregulated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohey Eldin M El Shikh
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London London, UK
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