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La R, Zhou L, Yin Y, Lu L, Li L, Jiang D, Huang L, Wu Q. Association between oxidative balance score and rheumatoid arthritis in female: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:225. [PMID: 38582833 PMCID: PMC10998364 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although oxidative stress is a recognized factor of inflammation, the correlation between oxidative balance score (OBS), a biomarker indicating the balance of oxidation and antioxidant, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an immune system disease that tends to occur in women, remains unexplored. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between OBS and RA in women. METHODS Observational surveys were performed by employing information extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the period 2007-2018. Various statistical techniques were employed to investigate the association between OBS and RA, encompassing multivariable logistic regression analysis, subgroup analyses, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effect analysis. RESULTS The study included 8219 female participants, including 597 patients with RA. The results showed that higher Total OBS (TOBS) significantly correlated with lower RA prevalence in the entirely modified model [odd ratio (OR) = 0.968; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.952 to 0.984; P = 0.0001]. Dietary OBS (DOBS) and lifestyle OBS (LOBS) also negatively correlated with RA. This association was remarkably consistent across TOBS subgroups by age, race, education level, family poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), hypertension and diabetes. Smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis also revealed the linear relationship between OBS and RA. CONCLUSIONS Overall, OBS was negatively associated with RA in female. This study suggested that an antioxidant diet and lifestyle may be promising measures to prevent RA in female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui La
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Institute of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Institute of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingchen Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lisong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Institute of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dinghua Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Institute of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lixin Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Institute of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Institute of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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Kryl'skii ED, Popova TN, Zhaglin DA, Razuvaev GA, Oleynik SA. SkQ1 Improves Immune Status and Normalizes Activity of NADPH-Generating and Antioxidant Enzymes in Rats with Adjuvant-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2023; 88:1092-1104. [PMID: 37758309 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923080047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a severe systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease. Oxidative stress and excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the mitochondria are considered as the central pathogenetic mechanisms of connective tissue destruction and factors responsible for a highly active inflammatory process and autoimmune response. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant 10-(6'-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) on the immune status, intensity of free radical-induced oxidation, and functioning of the antioxidant system (AOS) and NADPH-generating enzymes in rats with the adjuvant-induced RA. Laboratory animals were divided into 4 groups: control group; animals with RA; animals injected intraperitoneally with SkQ1 at the doses of 1250 and 625 nmol/kg, respectively, every 24 h for 8 days starting from day 7 of RA development. Tissue samples for analysis were collected on day 15 of the experiment. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the content of circulating immune complexes, and the concentration of class A, M, and G immunoglobulins were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The intensity of free radical-induced oxidation was evaluated based on the assessment of the iron-induced biochemiluminescence, diene conjugate content, and activity of aconitate hydratase. Enzymatic activity and metabolite content in the tissue samples were analyzed spectrophotometrically. It was shown that the development of RA was associated with an increase in the manifestation of immune response markers and intensity of free radical-induced oxidation, as well as with disruption of the AOS functioning and activation of NADPH-generating enzymes. SkQ1 administration resulted in a dose-dependent changes in the oxidative status indicators towards the control values and normalization of the immune status parameters. SkQ1 decreased the level of mitochondrial ROS, resulting in the suppression of the inflammatory response, which might cause inhibition of free radical generation by immunocompetent cells and subsequent mitigation of the oxidative stress severity in the tissues.
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Jing W, Liu C, Su C, Liu L, Chen P, Li X, Zhang X, Yuan B, Wang H, Du X. Role of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage in rheumatoid arthritis and targeted drugs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107670. [PMID: 36845127 PMCID: PMC9948260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation, pannus formation, and bone and cartilage damage. It has a high disability rate. The hypoxic microenvironment of RA joints can cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial damage, which not only affect the metabolic processes of immune cells and pathological changes in fibroblastic synovial cells but also upregulate the expression of several inflammatory pathways, ultimately promoting inflammation. Additionally, ROS and mitochondrial damage are involved in angiogenesis and bone destruction, thereby accelerating RA progression. In this review, we highlighted the effects of ROS accumulation and mitochondrial damage on inflammatory response, angiogenesis, bone and cartilage damage in RA. Additionally, we summarized therapies that target ROS or mitochondria to relieve RA symptoms and discuss the gaps in research and existing controversies, hoping to provide new ideas for research in this area and insights for targeted drug development in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyao Jing
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cui Liu
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenghong Su
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Rheumatic and Bone Disease, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Department of Rheumatic and Bone Disease, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Acupuncture and Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Department of Rheumatic and Bone Disease, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Haidong Wang, ; Xiaozheng Du,
| | - Xiaozheng Du
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Haidong Wang, ; Xiaozheng Du,
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Zhang H, Yang G, Jiang R, Feng D, Li Y, Chen Y, Yuan G. Correlation Between Total Bilirubin, Total Bilirubin/Albumin Ratio with Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:273-280. [PMID: 36718146 PMCID: PMC9884058 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s393273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disorder with unknown etiology. Oxidative stress and immune imbalance play a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Bilirubin has recently been recognized as a potent antioxidant as well as an immunomodulatory agent of physiological importance. The aim of this study was to explore whether increased bilirubin concentrations are correlated with good clinical prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Patients and Methods In this cross-sectional study, we included 197 healthy individuals and 197 RA patients in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from October 2020 to February 2022. The latter were classified into three classes of disease activity according to DAS28-ESR: remission and low (DAS28-ESR<3.2), moderate (3.2≤DAS28-ESR≤5.1), and high (DAS28ESR>5.1). Based on the clinical and laboratory data, we evaluated the association of bilirubin levels with disease activity in RA using multivariable ordered logistic regression. Results The levels of total bilirubin and total bilirubin/albumin ratio were significantly lower (P < 0.001; P < 0.001) in RA patients compared with healthy controls. In RA patients, Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that bilirubin and total bilirubin/albumin ratio were negatively correlated with disease activity and inflammatory marker (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Interleukin-6). In multivariable ordered logistic regression, higher total bilirubin (OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.89, p<0.001) independently predicted lower disease activity. Conclusion Bilirubin levels remain associated with a reduction of disease activity, suggesting that bilirubin may be a protective factor for RA aggravation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Institute of Rheumatism and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guizhao Yang
- Institute of Rheumatism and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongqiong Jiang
- Institute of Rheumatism and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Feng
- Institute of Rheumatism and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Institute of Rheumatism and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, the People’s Hospital of Jianyang City, Jianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohua Yuan
- Institute of Rheumatism and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Guohua Yuan, Institute of Rheumatism and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8615983777907, Fax +8608172262301, Email
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Cengiz M, Ayhanci A, Akkemik E, Şahin İK, Gür F, Bayrakdar A, Cengiz BP, Musmul A, Gür B. The role of Bax/Bcl-2 and Nrf2-Keap-1 signaling pathways in mediating the protective effect of boric acid on acrylamide-induced acute liver injury in rats. Life Sci 2022; 307:120864. [PMID: 35940215 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to investigate whether boric acid (BA) can protect rats from acrylamide (AA)-induced acute liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS AA was used to induce acute liver injury. Thirty rats were divided into five group including Group 1 (saline), Group 2 (AA), Group 3 (20 mg/kg BA), Group 4 (10 mg/kg BA+AA) and Group 5 (20 mg/kg BA+AA). Their blood and liver were harvested to be kept for analysis. Liver function enzyme activities were performed by spectrophotometric method. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde levels were determined by colorimetric method. The in-silico studies were performed using the "blind docking" method. RESULTS Administration AA to rats, biochemical parameters, liver histology, and expression levels of apoptotic markers were negatively affected. However, after the administration of BA, the altered biochemical parameters, liver histology, and expression levels of apoptotic markers were reversed. Moreover, the mechanisms of AA-induced deterioration in the levels of SOD, CAT, and Nrf2-Keap-1 and the mechanisms of the protective effect of BA against these deteriorations were explained by in silico studies. CONCLUSION Thus, the present study could explain the interactions between AA and thiol-containing amino acid residues of Keap-1, the effect of BA on these interactions, and the biochemical toxicity caused by the AA. In this sense, this work is the first of its kind in the literature. Based on the biochemical, histopathological, and in silico results, it can be suggested that BA has the potential to be used as a protective agent against AA-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Cengiz
- Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Education, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey.
| | - Adnan Ayhanci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ebru Akkemik
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | | | - Fatma Gür
- Department of Biochemistry, Vocational School of Health Services, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Alpaslan Bayrakdar
- Vocational School of Higher Education for Healthcare Services, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Betül Peker Cengiz
- Department of Pathology, Eskişehir Yunus Emre State Hospital, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Musmul
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Bahri Gür
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey.
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Oğul Y, Gür F, Gür B, Cengiz M, Sarı RA, Kızıltunç A. Decreased Na +/K + pump activity in the erythrocyte membrane due to malondialdehyde in rheumatoid arthritis: an in vivo and in silico study. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:968-982. [PMID: 36148907 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apart from demonstrating the interaction behavior of malondialdehyde (MDA) with Na+/K+-ATPase using in silico, the current study aims to investigate the effect of rheumatoid arthritis-related oxidative stress on Na+/K+-ATPase activity that is present in the erythrocyte cell membrane, which is rich in proteins vulnerable to damage from MDA and other free radicals. The target population of this study consists of 28 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 20 healthy volunteers whose MDA levels and Na+/K+-ATPase activity were determined. It was shown that MDA levels of rheumatoid arthritis patients increased (p < 0.001) and their Na+/K+-ATPase activity noticeably decreased when compared to those of healthy individuals. Also, according to this in silico modeling, MDA decreased Na+/K+-ATPase activity in line with the correlation analyses. Consequently, while elevated levels of MDA in the rheumatoid arthritis group were suggestive of oxidative stress, a decreased Na+/K+-ATPase-activity led us to speculate that the cellular membrane had sustained injury. Therefore, our results could be useful in explaining how MDA affects Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the interior of a specific molecular pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Oğul
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, Regional Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gür
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Health Services Vocational School, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Bahri Gür
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Iğdır University, Iğdır, 76000, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cengiz
- Department of Elementary Education, Faculty of Education, Siirt University, 56100 Siirt, Turkey
| | - Refik Ali Sarı
- Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kızıltunç
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
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Ma Y, Zhang J, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Hao C, Zuo L, Shi N, Li W. Traditional Chinese Medicine Rhodiola Sachalinensis Borissova from Baekdu Mountain (RsB BM) for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Therapeutic Effect and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186058. [PMID: 36144788 PMCID: PMC9500815 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lack of effective rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapies is a persistent challenge worldwide, prompting researchers to urgently evaluate traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) as potential clinical RA treatments. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the active components isolated from TCM Rhodiola sachalinensis Borissova from Baekdu Mountain (RsBBM) using an experimental adjuvant arthritis model induced by injection of rats with Freund’s complete adjuvant. After induction of the adjuvant arthritis rat model, the extract-treated and untreated groups of arthritic rats were evaluated for RsBBM therapeutic effects based on comparisons of ankle circumferences and ELISA-determined blood serum inflammatory factor levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, and PGE2). In addition, the joint health of rats was evaluated via microscopic examination of hematoxylin-eosin-stained synovial tissues. Furthermore, to explore whether NF-κB and RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathways participated in observed therapeutic effects from a molecular mechanistic viewpoint, mRNA and protein levels related to the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) were analyzed via quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Treatment of arthritic rats with the extract of RsBBM was shown to reduce ankle swelling, reduce blood serum levels of inflammatory factors, and alleviate arthritis-associated synovial inflammation and joint damage. Moreover, an RsBBM 50% ethanol extract treatment inhibited bone destruction by up-regulating OPG-related mRNA and protein expression and down-regulating RANKL-related mRNA and protein expression, while also reducing inflammation by the down-regulating of the NF-κB pathway activity. The results clearly demonstrated that the extract of RsBBM alleviated adjuvant arthritis-associated joint damage by altering activities of inflammation-associated NF-κB and the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathways. Due to its beneficial effects for alleviating adjuvant arthritis, this RsBBM 50% ethanol extract should be further evaluated as a promising new therapeutic TCM treatment for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132106, China
| | - Jinbei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132106, China
| | - Huan Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132106, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132106, China
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132106, China
| | - Chengyi Hao
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132106, China
| | - Lili Zuo
- College of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Nianqiu Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132106, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (W.L.); Tel.: +86-0432-64560530 (N.S.); +86-0432-64560536 (W.L.)
| | - Wenliang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132106, China
- Jilin Collaborative Innovation Center for Antibody Engineering, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (W.L.); Tel.: +86-0432-64560530 (N.S.); +86-0432-64560536 (W.L.)
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Medha MM, Devnath HS, Biswas B, Bokshi B, Sadhu SK. In silico profiling of analgesic and antihyperglycemic effects of ethanolic leaves extract of Amischotolype mollissima: Evidence from in vivo studies. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103312. [PMID: 35663844 PMCID: PMC9160412 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the antioxidative profile and related pharmacological potentialities of the ethanolic extract of Amischotolype mollissima leaves, traditionally used in treating pain, injury, malarial fever, epilepsy and hyperacidity, followed by a computational approach for the analysis of bioactive compounds identified by GC–MS. In GC–MS analysis, the extract yielded ten compounds, with 4,6-di-t-butyl-2-alpha-methyl benzyl phenol having the highest amount. In vitro investigation of the antioxidative properties of the plant was conducted with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. The amounts of secondary metabolites phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins were measured at 142 mg GAE/g, 534 mg QE/g, and 110 mg GAE/g, respectively. An acute toxicity study was carried out on mice, which revealed no toxicity up to the dosage of 4000 mg/kg bw. For the dosages of extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg bw, the writhing response test induced by acetic acid exhibited a statistically significant (p < 0.05) analgesic effect in mice. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity assay were used to examine the antihyperglycemic potential, in which the extract reduced the blood glucose level to 6.22 mmol/l and 3.82 mmol/l, at dosages of 250 and 500 mg/kg bw, respectively at 60 min in OGTT even though no activity was observed in the α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory assay. In an antibacterial assay, the extract's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus was determined to be 8, 16, and 8 µg/ml, respectively. This study shows that the usage of A. mollissima leaves in folklore medication is justified.
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Zhou X, Mi J, Liu Z. Causal association of diet-derived circulating antioxidants with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a Mendelian randomization study. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2022; 56:152079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kassa SB, Taslimi P, Özel Ş, Gür B, Gülçin İ, Onganer Y. Effects of some phenolic compounds on the inhibition of α-glycosidase enzyme-immobilized on Pluronic®F127 micelles: An in vitro and in silico study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022; 632:127839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ahmed S, Jacob B, Carsons SE, De Leon J, Reiss AB. Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Complex Challenge with Increased Atherosclerotic Risk. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010011. [PMID: 35056068 PMCID: PMC8778152 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) carries significant risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Traditional ASCVD risk factors fail to account for this accelerated atherosclerosis. Shared inflammatory pathways are fundamental in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Considering the impact of RA in increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the characterization of therapies encompassing both RA and ASCVD management merit high priority. Despite little progress, several drugs discussed here promote remission and or lower rheumatoid disease activity while simultaneously conferring some level of atheroprotection. Methotrexate, a widely used disease-modifying drug used in RA, is associated with significant reduction in cardiovascular adverse events. MTX promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophages, upregulates free radical scavenging and improves endothelial function. Likewise, the sulfonamide drug sulfasalazine positively impacts the lipid profile by increasing HDL-C, and its use in RA has been correlated with reduced risk of myocardial infraction. In the biologic class, inhibitors of TNF-α and IL-6 contribute to improvements in endothelial function and promote anti-atherogenic properties of HDL-C, respectively. The immunosuppressant hydroxychloroquine positively affects insulin sensitization and the lipid profile. While no individual therapy has elicited optimal atheroprotection, further investigation of combination therapies are ongoing.
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