2
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Zhao H, Zhao J, Wu D, Sun Z, Hua Y, Zheng M, Liu Y, Yang Q, Huang X, Li Y, Piao Y, Wang Y, Lam SM, Xu H, Shui G, Wang Y, Yao H, Lai L, Du Z, Mi J, Liu E, Ji X, Zhang YQ. Dogs lacking Apolipoprotein E show advanced atherosclerosis leading to apparent clinical complications. Sci China Life Sci 2021; 65:1342-1356. [PMID: 34705220 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease resulting from dysregulated lipid metabolism is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a critical role in cholesterol metabolism. Knockouts in lipid-metabolizing proteins including ApoE in multiple model organisms such as mice and rats exhibiting elevated levels of cholesterol have been widely used for dissecting the pathology of atherosclerosis, but few of these animal models exhibit advanced atherosclerotic plaques leading to ischemia-induced clinical symptoms, limiting their use for translational studies. Here we report hypercholesterolemia and severe atherosclerosis characterized by stenosis and occlusion of arteries, together with clinical manifestations of stroke and gangrene, in ApoE knockout dogs generated by CRISPR/Cas9 and cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer technologies. Importantly, the hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic complications in F0 mutants are recapitulated in their offspring. As the ApoE-associated atherosclerosis and clinical manifestations in mutant dogs are more similar to that in human patients compared with those in other animal models, these mutant dogs will be invaluable in developing and evaluating new therapies, including endovascular procedures, against atherosclerosis and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Beijing Sinogene Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Di Wu
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Beijing Sinogene Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Yang Hua
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Beijing Sinogene Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Beijing Sinogene Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Yueshan Piao
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Haifeng Yao
- Beijing Petsguard Animal Hospital, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Zhuo Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jidong Mi
- Beijing Sinogene Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102200, China.
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Xunming Ji
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yong Q Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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3
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Otake M, Kawaguchi H, Enya S, Kangawa A, Koga T, Matsuo K, Yamada S, Rahman MM, Miura N, Shibata M, Tanimoto A. High Pathological Reproducibility of Diet-induced Atherosclerosis in Microminipigs via Cloning Technology. In Vivo 2021; 35:2025-2033. [PMID: 34182477 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The reproducibility of athero - sclerotic lesions was evaluated after the production of cloned-microminipigs and their offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cloned-microminipig-parents were produced by microminipigsomatic cell nuclei. These parents were crossbred and delivered males (F1-offspring) were divided into two groups: normal chow diet (NcD)-fed and high-fat/high-cholesterol diet (HcD)-fed groups. One of the F1-offsprings was subjected to cloning, and delivered males (F1-clones) were fed with HcD. After 8 weeks, all animals were necropsied for patho - physiological studies compared to non-cloned-microminipigs. RESULTS HcD-fed F1-offspring and F1-clones, but not NcD-fed F1-offspring, exhibited increased serum lipid levels and systemic atherosclerosis, which were comparable to those of HcD-fed non-cloned-microminipigs. Homogeneity of variance analysis demonstrated that standard deviation values of serum lipoprotein and aortic atherosclerosis area from HcD-fed animals decreased in F1-offspring and F1-clones. CONCLUSION HcD-induced atherogenesis was highly reproducible in F1-offsprings and F1-clones, indicating that the atherosclerosis-prone genomic background was preserved in the cloned-microminipigs, which can be used for studies on human atherosclerosis and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Otake
- Swine and Poultry Department, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Kikugawa, Japan;
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towadashi, Japan
| | - Satoko Enya
- Swine and Poultry Department, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Kikugawa, Japan
| | - Akihisa Kangawa
- Swine and Poultry Department, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Kikugawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Koga
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kei Matsuo
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Md Mahfuzur Rahman
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naoki Miura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Shibata
- Swine and Poultry Department, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Kikugawa, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan;
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5
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Wang D, Xu X, Zhao M, Wang X. Accelerated miniature swine models of advanced atherosclerosis: A review based on morphology. Cardiovasc Pathol 2020; 49:107241. [PMID: 32554057 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to accelerate development of atherosclerosis(AS) in miniature swine models, varieties of strategies and methods have been explored. In addition to traditional methods such as high cholesterol feeding and balloon injury, new methods such as familial hypercholesterolemia induced by gene editing and intramural injection have been applied in recent years. Although it has been claimed that these methods have successfully aggravated lesion areas and stenosis, lesion features induced by different strategies have shown heterogeneity in morphology. In addition, time consumption, high cost, and unavailability are problems that restrict application of these AS models. Here, we summarize strategies and methods to accelerate AS models and further analyze their values, advantages, and shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayang Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Mingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xian Wang
- Cardiovascular Insititute, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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6
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Khan AA, Agarwal H, Reddy SS, Arige V, Natarajan B, Gupta V, Kalyani A, Barthwal MK, Mahapatra NR. MicroRNA 27a Is a Key Modulator of Cholesterol Biosynthesis. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:e00470-19. [PMID: 32071155 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.00470-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a strong predictor of cardiovascular diseases. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase gene (Hmgcr) coding for the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway is a crucial regulator of plasma cholesterol levels. However, the posttranscriptional regulation of Hmgcr remains poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to explore the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of Hmgcr expression. Systematic in silico predictions and experimental analyses reveal that miRNA 27a (miR-27a) specifically interacts with the Hmgcr 3' untranslated region in murine and human hepatocytes. Moreover, our data show that Hmgcr expression is inversely correlated with miR-27a levels in various cultured cell lines and in human and rodent tissues. Actinomycin D chase assays and relevant experiments demonstrate that miR-27a regulates Hmgcr by translational attenuation followed by mRNA degradation. Early growth response 1 (Egr1) regulates miR-27a expression under basal and cholesterol-modulated conditions. miR-27a augmentation via tail vein injection of miR-27a mimic in high-cholesterol-diet-fed Apoe -/- mice shows downregulation of hepatic Hmgcr and plasma cholesterol levels. Pathway and gene expression analyses show that miR-27a also targets several other genes (apart from Hmgcr) in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Taken together, miR-27a emerges as a key regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis and has therapeutic potential for the clinical management of hypercholesterolemia.
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8
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Mushenkova NV, Summerhill VI, Silaeva YY, Deykin AV, Orekhov AN. Modelling of atherosclerosis in genetically modified animals. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:4614-4633. [PMID: 31497187 PMCID: PMC6731422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven, chronic inflammatory disease that leads to plaque formation at specific sites of the arterial tree. Being the common cause of many cardiovascular disorders, atherosclerosis makes a tremendous impact on morbidity and mortality rates of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in countries with higher income. Animal models of atherosclerosis are utilized as useful tools for studying the aetiology, pathogenesis and complications of atherosclerosis, thus, providing a valuable platform for the efficacy testing of different pharmacological therapies and validation of imaging techniques. To date, a large variety of models is available. Pathophysiological changes can be induced in animals by either an atherogenic diet or genetic manipulations. The discussion of advantages and disadvantages of some murine, rabbit and porcine genetic models currently available for the atherosclerosis research is the scope of the following review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Volha I Summerhill
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative CentreMoscow 121609, Russia
| | - Yulia Yu Silaeva
- Centre of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences34/5 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Alexey V Deykin
- Centre of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences34/5 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative CentreMoscow 121609, Russia
- Centre of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences34/5 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
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9
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Jiang L, Qiao Y, Wang Z, Ma X, Wang H, Li J. Inhibition of microRNA-103 attenuates inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in atherosclerosis through disrupting the PTEN-mediated MAPK signaling. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:380-393. [PMID: 31232476 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic disorder of large arteries, is the underlying pathological process of heart disease and stroke. Former researchers have found that microRNAs (miRs) are involved in the several key processes of AS. Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/- ) mice fed a high-fat-diet (HFD) to establish AS model. The expression of miR-103 was characterized in the mice model. The effects of miR-103 on inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) were analyzed when the expression of miR-103 was inhibited in ApoE -/- mice fed an HFD and human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). The relationship between miR-103 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was identified by luciferase activity detection and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Gain- and loss-function approaches were further applied for investigating the regulatory effects of miR-103 and PTEN on ERS. Role of MAPK signaling was then analyzed using PD98059 to block this pathway. miR-103 was highly expressed in the ApoEApoE -/- mice fed an HFD. Downregulation of miR-103 suppressed inflammation and ERS in endothelial cells isolated from ApoE -/- mice fed a HFD and ox-LDL-exposed HAECs. In addition, miR-103 can target PTEN and downregulate its expression. Overexpression of PTEN reversed the miR-103-induced activation of MAPK signaling. Moreover, PTEN upregulation or MAPK signaling inhibition ease miR-103-induced inflammation and ERS in vivo and in vitro. Thus, miR-103 depletion restrains the progression of AS through blocking PTEN-mediated MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- South Building No. 2 Division, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanguo Qiao
- South Building No. 2 Division, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghui Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhu Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Oral Implant Department, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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