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Helm M, Huang SB, Gollner K, Gollner U, Jérôme V, Freitag R. Cultivation of Encapsulated Primary Human B Lymphocytes: A First Step toward a Bioartificial Germinal Center. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200256. [PMID: 36205699 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte microcapsules based on sodium cellulose sulfate (SCS) and poly-diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride (PDADMAC) have previously been proposed as a suitable ex vivo microenvironment for the cultivation and differentiation of primary human T lymphocytes. Here, the same system is investigated for the cultivation of human primary B cells derived from adult tonsillar tissue. Proliferation and differentiation into subtypes are followed and compared to suspension cultures of B cells from the same pool performed in parallel. Total cell expansion is somewhat lower in the capsules than in the suspension cultures. More importantly, however, the differentiation of the initially mainly memory B cells into various subtypes, in particular into plasma cell (PC), shows significant differences. Clearly, the microenvironment provided by the microcapsules is beneficial for an accelerated induction of a germinal center-like B cell phenotype and afterward supports the long-term survival of the PC cells. Then, varying the encapsulation conditions (i.e., presence of human serum and dedicated cytokines in the capsule core) provides a tool for finetuning the B cell response. Hence, this methodology is suggested to pave the way toward ex vivo development of human immune organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Helm
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Songyan B Huang
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Katrin Gollner
- Praxis am Schießgraben, Schießgraben 21, 95326, Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gollner
- Praxis am Schießgraben, Schießgraben 21, 95326, Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Valérie Jérôme
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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Shahverdi M, Masoumi J, Ghorbaninezhad F, Shajari N, Hajizadeh F, Hassanian H, Alizadeh N, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. The modulatory role of dendritic cell-T cell cross-talk in breast cancer: Challenges and prospects. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:353-363. [PMID: 36116207 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antigen recognition and presentation are highlighted as the first steps in developing specialized antigen responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are outstanding professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) responsible for priming cellular immunity in pathological states, including cancer. However, the diminished or repressed function of DCs is thought to be a substantial mechanism through which tumors escape from the immune system. In this regard, DCs obtained from breast cancer (BC) patients represent a notably weakened potency to encourage specific T-cell responses. Additionally, impaired DC-T-cell cross-talk in BC facilitates the immune evade of cancer cells and is connected with tumor advancement, immune tolerance, and adverse prognosis for patients. In this review we aim to highlight the available knowledge on DC-T-cell interactions in BC aggressiveness and show its therapeutic potential in BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Shahverdi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Javad Masoumi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farid Ghorbaninezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Shajari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farnaz Hajizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Hassanian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jafarlou
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Lerner LK, Bonte D, Le Guillou M, Mohammad MM, Kasraian Z, Sarasin A, Despras E, Aoufouchi S. Expression of Constitutive Fusion of Ubiquitin to PCNA Restores the Level of Immunoglobulin A/T Mutations During Somatic Hypermutation in the Ramos Cell Line. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871766. [PMID: 35432321 PMCID: PMC9010874 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes is a B cell specific process required for the generation of specific and high affinity antibodies during the maturation of the immune response against foreign antigens. This process depends on the activity of both activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and several DNA repair factors. AID-dependent SHM creates the full spectrum of mutations in Ig variable (V) regions equally distributed at G/C and A/T bases. In most mammalian cells, deamination of deoxycytidine into uracil during S phase induces targeted G/C mutagenesis using either direct replication of uracils or TLS mediated bypass, however only the machinery of activated B lymphocytes can generate A/T mutagenesis around AID-created uracils. The molecular mechanism behind the latter remains incompletely understood to date. However, the lack of a cellular model that reproduces both G/C and A/T mutation spectra constitutes the major hurdle to elucidating it. The few available B cell lines used thus far to study Ig SHM indeed undergo mainly G/C mutations, that make them inappropriate or of limited use. In this report, we show that in the Ramos cell line that undergoes constitutive G/C-biased SHM in culture, the low rate of A/T mutations is due to an imbalance in the ubiquitination/deubiquitination reaction of PCNA, with the deubiquitination reaction being predominant. The inhibition of the deubiquitinase complex USP1-UAF1 or the expression of constitutive fusion of ubiquitin to PCNA provides the missing clue required for DNA polymerase η recruitment and thereafter the introduction of A/T base pair (bp) mutations during the process of IgV gene diversification. This study reports the establishment of the first modified human B cell line that recapitulates the mechanism of SHM of Ig genes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia K. Lerner
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9019, B Cell and Genome Plasticity Team, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dorine Bonte
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9019, B Cell and Genome Plasticity Team, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Morwenna Le Guillou
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9019, B Cell and Genome Plasticity Team, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Mahwish Mian Mohammad
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9019, B Cell and Genome Plasticity Team, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Zeinab Kasraian
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9019, B Cell and Genome Plasticity Team, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Alain Sarasin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9019, B Cell and Genome Plasticity Team, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuelle Despras
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9019, B Cell and Genome Plasticity Team, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Said Aoufouchi
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9019, B Cell and Genome Plasticity Team, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Said Aoufouchi,
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Keim D, Gollner K, Gollner U, Jérôme V, Freitag R. Generation of Recombinant Primary Human B Lymphocytes Using Non-Viral Vectors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8239. [PMID: 34361005 PMCID: PMC8347318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the development of gene delivery systems based on non-viral vectors is advancing, it remains a challenge to deliver plasmid DNA into human blood cells. The current "gold standard", namely linear polyethyleneimine (l-PEI 25 kDa), in particular, is unable to produce transgene expression levels >5% in primary human B lymphocytes. Here, it is demonstrated that a well-defined 24-armed poly(2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (PDMAEMA, 755 kDa) nano-star is able to reproducibly elicit high transgene expression (40%) at sufficient residual viability (69%) in primary human B cells derived from tonsillar tissue. Moreover, our results indicate that the length of the mitogenic stimulation prior to transfection is an important parameter that must be established during the development of the transfection protocol. In our hands, four days of stimulation with rhCD40L post-thawing led to the best transfection results in terms of TE and cell survival. Most importantly, our data argue for an impact of the B cell subsets on the transfection outcomes, underlining that the complexity and heterogeneity of a given B cell population pre- and post-transfection is a critical parameter to consider in the multiparametric approach required for the implementation of the transfection protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Keim
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.K.); (V.J.)
| | - Katrin Gollner
- Praxis am Schießgraben, Schießgraben 21, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany; (K.G.); (U.G.)
| | - Ulrich Gollner
- Praxis am Schießgraben, Schießgraben 21, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany; (K.G.); (U.G.)
| | - Valérie Jérôme
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.K.); (V.J.)
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.K.); (V.J.)
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