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Bertram CA, Donovan TA, Bartel A. Mitotic activity: A systematic literature review of the assessment methodology and prognostic value in canine tumors. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241239565. [PMID: 38533804 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241239565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
One of the most relevant prognostic indices for tumors is cellular proliferation, which is most commonly measured by the mitotic activity in routine tumor sections. The goal of this systematic review was to analyze the methods and prognostic relevance of histologically measuring mitotic activity that have been reported for canine tumors in the literature. A total of 137 articles that correlated the mitotic activity in canine tumors with patient outcome were identified through a systematic (PubMed and Scopus) and nonsystematic (Google Scholar) literature search and eligibility screening process. Mitotic activity methods encompassed the mitotic count (MC, number of mitotic figures per tumor area) in 126 studies, presumably the MC (method not specified) in 6 studies, and the mitotic index (MI, number of mitotic figures per number of tumor cells) in 5 studies. A particularly high risk of bias was identified based on the available details of the MC methods and statistical analyses, which often did not quantify the prognostic discriminative ability of the MC and only reported P values. A significant association of the MC with survival was found in 72 of 109 (66%) studies. However, survival was evaluated by at least 3 studies in only 7 tumor types/groups, of which a prognostic relevance is apparent for mast cell tumors of the skin, cutaneous melanoma, and soft tissue tumor of the skin and subcutis. None of the studies using the MI found a prognostic relevance. This review highlights the need for more studies with standardized methods and appropriate analysis of the discriminative ability to prove the prognostic value of the MC and MI in various tumor types. Future studies are needed to evaluate the influence of the performance of individual pathologists on the appropriateness of prognostic thresholds and investigate methods to improve interobserver reproducibility.
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Adetunji SA, Chen K, Thomason J, Matias Ferreyra F. Case report: Malignant chemodectoma with hepatic metastasis in a cat. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1216439. [PMID: 37533454 PMCID: PMC10391646 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1216439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A 10-year-old, male-neutered, domestic short-hair cat was examined at the Veterinary Health Center Emergency Service at Kansas State University for a one-day history of dyspnea. Prior to thoracocentesis, sedation was provided. The cat stopped breathing after sedation and went into cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was unsuccessful. At necropsy, there was severe pleural effusion and bilateral pulmonary atelectasis. The myocardium of the atria and ventricles, and tunica adventitia of coronary vessels, pulmonary artery, and aorta, had pale, firm, multinodular masses ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 cm in diameter. Multiple nodules were also present in the liver. Multifocally expanding the epicardial fat and compressing the underlying epicardium, infiltrating, and expanding the myocardium, and expanding the walls of major vessels, there was a multinodular, unencapsulated, densely cellular neoplasm composed of polygonal epithelial cells arranged in nests and packets and supported by a fine fibrovascular stroma. The nodules in the liver had similar histologic features. In this case, neoplastic cells at the primary and metastatic sites were intensely immunoreactive to synaptophysin, variably reactive to chromogranin A, and negative for neuron specific enolase, cytokeratin, vimentin, thyroglobulin, and smooth muscle actin. The gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings support the diagnosis of chemodectoma, with metastases to the liver. Synaptophysin and chromogranin A were the most useful immunohistochemical markers to diagnose malignant chemodectoma in this cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakirat Adeola Adetunji
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Justin Thomason
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Franco Matias Ferreyra
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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Martinez I, Brockman D, Purzycka K. Caval chemodectoma in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2022; 8:20551169221106990. [PMID: 35811937 PMCID: PMC9260574 DOI: 10.1177/20551169221106990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary An 11-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented
with a 4-week history of an intermittent cough and dyspnoea. A
pleural effusion was identified, which was confirmed as chyle.
Echocardiography and CT revealed a 16 mm mass cranial to the
heart, which was invading the cranial vena cava. Because of the
location of the mass, it was assumed that chylothorax had
developed as a result of direct disruption of the thoracic duct
by the tumour or secondarily to central venous hypertension. An
exploratory thoracotomy was performed, and the mass, which
originated within the wall of the cranial vena cava, was excised
with narrow gross margins. Histopathology and
immunohistochemistry were consistent with a chemodectoma with
residual tumour cells at the surgical margin. Given the residual
microscopic disease, adjuvant treatment with toceranib phosphate
was initiated. The cat remained well for the duration of
treatment and was euthanased 31 months after diagnosis when CT
identified recurrent pleural effusion, a heart base mass with
cranial vena cava and azygos vein invasion. Relevance and novel information Chemodectomas are rare in cats, with only 13 cases reported in the
literature to date, and all were located in either the aortic or
carotid body. The reported survival with partial resection
and/or subtotal pericardiectomy was 13–19 months. Treatment of
feline chemodectomas with toceranib phosphate has not been
previously reported. To our knowledge, this is the first
description of the surgical management of a feline vena cava
chemodectoma, combined with adjuvant toceranib phosphate,
resulting in a prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Brockman
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
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Borgonovi S, Scudder CJ, Rau F, Mason SL. Radiation therapy for non‐resectable neuroendocrine tumour in two dogs. Vet rec case rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rodrigues FRN, da Silva Freire JM, Fidelis LDAP, Pereira AABG, de Sousa DER, Wilson TM, Soto-Blanco B, de Castro MB. Paraganglioma of the Tongue in a Chow Chow Dog: A Comparison With the Human Counterpart and Literature Review. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:422. [PMID: 32851012 PMCID: PMC7396616 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, substantial knowledge has been developed in Veterinary oncology, and tumors previously reported only in humans have been identified in animals. Primary paragangliomas of the tongue are extremely rare tumors in human beings and have never been reported in animals. A Chow Chow dog showed an ulcerated nodule at the lingual body, deeply infiltrated, which extended to the base of the tongue. A full clinical and pathological investigation was conducted, and a post-surgical follow-up of 6 months did not detect recurrence. Cytological, histological, and immunohistochemical features are presented and support the diagnosis of lingual paraganglioma. The paraganglioma of the tongue reported in this Chow Chow dog shares many similarities with the human counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tais Meziara Wilson
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Benito Soto-Blanco
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary College, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Aceino A, Rowland A, Carvallo FR, Alcaraz A. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 256:657-659. [PMID: 32125235 DOI: 10.2460/javma.256.6.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Correction: What Is Your Diagnosis?: intraosseous pneumatosis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 256:659-659. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.256.6.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Morita C, Tanaka M, Noguchi S, Shimamura S, Wada Y, Izawa T, Yamate J, Kuwamura M. An aortic body carcinoma with sarcomatoid morphology and chondroid metaplasia in a French Bulldog. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:576-579. [PMID: 32161252 PMCID: PMC7273586 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An 11-year-old female French Bulldog was presented with a mass at the base of the heart, detected by X-ray and echocardiography. Clinical abnormality included abdominal retention by
ascites. Radiation therapy was performed for 5 weeks. The mass volume didn’t change during the radiotherapy. The condition became worse and the dog died 6 months after the initial
presentation and necropsy was performed. Grossly, the mass, 12.5 × 6.5 × 6.0 cm in size, was found at the base of the heart. Histopathological examination revealed that cardiac mass was
composed of alveolar, bundle and diffuse proliferation of neoplastic cells. Most of the neoplastic cells showed a spindle morphology; in some areas small round or polyhedral neoplastic cells
were observed. Occasional cartilage metaplasia was seen multifocal in the mass, and it was surrounded by the sarcomatoid proliferation. Electron microscopy revealed a few neuroendocrine
granules in the cytoplasm of spindle and polyhedral neoplastic cells. Metastatic cells in the lungs which had not irradiated demonstrated typical morphology of aortic body tumors. Based on
these findings, the case was diagnosed as an aortic body carcinoma with sarcomatoid morphology and chondroid metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Morita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Miyuu Tanaka
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Noguchi
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shimamura
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Yusuke Wada
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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Wolfe HA, Thomason JD, Kumar P. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 252:1355-1357. [PMID: 29772972 DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.11.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Teh APP, Pratakpiriya W, Hidaka Y, Sato H, Hirai T, Yamaguchi R. An atypical case of recurrent carotid body carcinoma in a young adult dog: Histopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:714-718. [PMID: 28239052 PMCID: PMC5402192 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3.5-year-old female Chihuahua was presented with complaint of neck pain, intermittent
cough and dysphagia. Physical examination and diagnostic imaging of neck region revealed a
solid and highly vascularized mass involving the retropharyngeal region. Histologically,
the mass showed an atypical zellballen pattern which comprised of high density of type I
chief cells with high nuclear cytoplasmic ratio and separated by delicate fibrovascular
stroma. Immunoreactivity for neuroendocrine markers was diffusely positive in cytoplasm of
tumor cells. Disseminated tumor emboli in external jugular vein were detected 6 months
after initial surgery. An electron microscopic study revealed numerous electron-dense
intracytoplasmic neurosecretory granules. Based on these findings, carotid body carcinoma
was diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Ping Ping Teh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi-1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Galac S, Korpershoek E. Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas in humans and dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 15:1158-1170. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Galac
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - E. Korpershoek
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute; University Medical Center Rotterdam; Rotterdam The Netherlands
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Abstract
An extra-adrenal retroperitoneal paraganglioma was observed in a 10.5-year-old male Boxer dog. Additionally, the dog had an aortic base tumor, multiple thyroid adenomas, multiple testicular interstitial cell tumors, bilateral nodular adrenal cortical hyperplasia, and parathyroid gland hyperplasia. The hypothesis that the retroperitoneal mass represents a primary extra-adrenal paraganglioma rather than metastatic mass from the aortic body tumor is considered. Either primary or metastatic extra-adrenal retroperitoneal paragangliomas are rarely reported in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia R. S. Ilha
- Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA
| | - Eloise L. Styer
- Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA
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