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Ratna S, Rastogi S, Kumar R. Current trends for distillery wastewater management and its emerging applications for sustainable environment. J Environ Manage 2021; 290:112544. [PMID: 33862317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol distillation generates a huge volume of unwanted chemical liquid known as distillery wastewater. Distillery wastewater is acidic, dark brown having high biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, contains various salt contents, and heavy metals. Inadequate and indiscriminate disposal of distillery wastewater deteriorates the quality of the soil, water, and ultimately groundwater. Its direct exposure via food web shows toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects on aquatic-terrestrial organisms including humans. So, there is an urgent need for its proper management. For this purpose, a group of researchers applied distillery wastewater for fertigation while others focused on its physico-chemical, biological treatment approaches. But until now no cutting-edge technology has been proposed for its effective management. So, it becomes imperative to comprehend its toxicity, treatment methods, and implication for environmental sustainability. This paper reviews the last decade's research data on advanced physico-chemical, biological, and combined (physico-chemical and biological) methods to treat distillery wastewater and its reuse aspects. Finally, it revealed that the combined methods along with the production of value-added products are one of the best options for distillery wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Ratna
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India.
| | - Swati Rastogi
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow, 226025, India
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Gebreeyessus GD, Sreekrishnan TR, Mekonnen A, Chebude Y, Alemayehu E. Efficient anaerobic digestion of a mild wet air pretreated molasses ethanol distillery stillage: A comparative approach. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05539. [PMID: 33294684 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a mild, wet air pretreatment and the subsequent anaerobic digestion (AD) was examined on the recovery of a complex and toxic molasses ethanol distillery stillage. The biogas yield and organics removal due to pretreatment were compared with the raw stillage AD. The application of a scoria support in this industrial residue AD process stability was also assessed. Consequently, a statistically significant cumulative specific methane recovery difference (p-value = 0.000) with an almost complete biological oxygen demand (BOD) removal and a significant chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction, which were 100% and 92% respectively were achieved. Additionally, the biogas recovery rate was hastened due to pretreatment. The application of scoria, whose property has been instrumentally inspected, has helped stabilize the pH in the AD systems. In a comparative approach, this study suggests the energy benefit and an ecofriendly discharge of stillage by the ethanol industry towards sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh M. Bhoite
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Prakash D. Vaidya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, India
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Malik SN, Khan SM, Ghosh PC, Vaidya AN, Kanade G, Mudliar SN. Treatment of pharmaceutical industrial wastewater by nano-catalyzed ozonation in a semi-batch reactor for improved biodegradability. Sci Total Environ 2019; 678:114-122. [PMID: 31075578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study reports the biodegradability enhancement of pharmaceutical wastewater along with COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) color and toxicity removal via O3, O3/Fe2+, O3/nZVI (nano zero valent iron) processes. Nano catalytic ozonation process (O3/nZVI) showed the highest biodegradability (BI = BOD5/COD) enhancement of pharmaceutical wastewater up to 0.63 from 0.18 of control with a COD, color and toxicity removal of 62.3%, 93% and 82% respectively. The disappearance of the corresponding Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) peaks after pretreatment indicated the degradation or transformation of the refractory organic compounds to more biodegradable organic compounds. The subsequent aerobic degradation study of pretreated pharmaceutical wastewater resulted in biodegradation rate enhancement of 5.31, 2.97, and 1.22 times for O3/nZVI O3/Fe2+ and O3 processes respectively. Seed germination test using spinach (Spinacia oleracea) seeds established the toxicity removal of pretreated pharmaceutical wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameena N Malik
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Maharashtra, India; CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shahbaz M Khan
- CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prakash C Ghosh
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atul N Vaidya
- CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gajanan Kanade
- CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandeep N Mudliar
- CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
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Bhoite GM, Vaidya PD. Iron-catalyzed wet air oxidation of biomethanated distillery wastewater for enhanced biogas recovery. J Environ Manage 2018; 226:241-248. [PMID: 30121459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, catalytic wet air oxidation (WAO) technique was applied to biomethanated spent wash from a local sugar factory. This wash water exhibited high biological oxygen demand (BOD5 = 8100 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (COD = 40,000 mg/L). The objectives of oxidative pre-treatment were two-fold, viz. efficient treatment of wash water and enhanced biogas recovery. For the catalytic oxidation process, two iron-based heterogeneous catalysts were employed, viz. Fe2O3 and Fe/C. To synthesize the Fe/C catalyst, activated carbon (AC) support was modified either by thermal treatment or chemical treatment with nitric acid; accordingly, the catalyst was named as Fe/AC-T or Fe/AC-N. In a batch slurry reactor, catalyst performance was investigated at T = 175 °C, [Formula: see text] = 0.69 MPa and ω = 33 mg/L (here, T, [Formula: see text] and ω denote temperature, oxygen partial pressure and catalyst loading) for 1 h. Based on the conversions of COD and total organic carbon (TOC) and the improvement in biodegradability index (BI), it was found that the activity of the catalysts reduced in the order: Fe/AC-N > Fe/AC-T > Fe2O3. The results were more encouraging (COD conversion = 87%, color reduction = 88% and BI value = 0.71) when carbon adsorption (5% w/v) followed WAO over Fe/AC-N. Clearly, our novel hybrid process for pre-treatment, viz. wet oxidation-carbon adsorption showed potential. Post biomethanation, around 1.2 Nm3 biogas (CH4 72%) was formed per cubic meter of the wastewater; without pre-treatment by catalytic WAO and carbon adsorption, the yield of biogas (CH4 11%) was just 1 Nm3 for every cubic meter of wastewater. After a last aerobic treatment step, 97% COD was removed and BI value was 0.84. Finally, a kinetic model was proposed to describe kinetics of COD reduction. In this way, a promising method was suggested for treating a complex wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh M Bhoite
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Prakash D Vaidya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India.
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Malik SN, Ghosh PC, Vaidya AN, Mudliar SN. Catalytic ozone pretreatment of complex textile effluent using Fe 2+ and zero valent iron nanoparticles. J Hazard Mater 2018; 357:363-375. [PMID: 29909170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study investigates the effect of catalytic ozone pretreatment via Fe2+ and nZVI on biodegradability enhancement of complex textile effluent. The nZVI particles were synthesized and characterized by XRD, TEM and SEM analyses. Results showed that nano catalytic ozone pretreatment led to higher biodegradability index (BOD5/COD = BI) enhancement up to 0.61 (134.6%) along with COD, color and toxicity removal up to 73.5%, 87%, and 92% respectively. The disappearance of the corresponding GCMS & FTIR spectral peaks during catalyzed ozonation process indicated the cleavage of chromophore group and degradation of organic compounds present in the textile effluent. Subsequent aerobic biodegradation of nZVI pretreated textile effluent resulted in maximum COD and color reduction of 78% and 98.5% respectively, whereas the untreated effluent (BI = 0.26) indicated poor COD and color reduction of only 31% and 33% respectively. Bio-kinetic parameters also confirmed the increased rate of bio-oxidation at enhanced BIs. Seed germination test using seeds of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), indicated the effectiveness of nano catalyzed ozone pretreatment in removing toxicity from contaminated textile effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameena N Malik
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Maharashtra, India; CSIR - National Environmental& Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prakash C Ghosh
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atul N Vaidya
- CSIR - National Environmental& Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandeep N Mudliar
- CSIR - National Environmental& Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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Bhoite GM, Vaidya PD. Improved Biogas Generation from Biomethanated Distillery Wastewater by Pretreatment with Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh M. Bhoite
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, India
| | - Prakash D. Vaidya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, India
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Nuchdang S, Frigon JC, Roy C, Pilon G, Phalakornkule C, Guiot SR. Hydrothermal post-treatment of digestate to maximize the methane yield from the anaerobic digestion of microalgae. Waste Manag 2018; 71:683-688. [PMID: 28655465 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As an alternative to applying the hydrothermal treatment to the raw algal feedstock before the anaerobic digestion (i.e. pre-treatment), one considered a post-treatment scenario where anaerobic digestion is directly used as the primary treatment while the hydrothermal treatment is thereafter applied to the digestate. Hydrothermal treatments such as wet oxidation (WetOx) and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) were compared at a temperature of 200°C, for initial pressure of 0.1 and 0.82MPa, and no holding time after the process had reached the temperature setpoint. Both WetOx and HTC resulted in a substantial solids conversion (47-62% with HTC, 64-83% with WetOx, both at 0.82MPa) into soluble products, while some total chemical oxygen demand-based carbon loss from the solid-liquid phases was observed (20-39%). This generated high soluble products concentrations (from 6.2 to 10.9g soluble chemical oxygen demand/L). Biomethane potential tests showed that these hydrothermal treatments allowed for a 4-fold improvement of the digestate anaerobic biodegradability. The hydrothermal treatments increased the methane yield to about 200 LSTP CH4/kg volatile solids, when related to the untreated digestate, compared to 66 LSTP CH4/kg volatile solids, without treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nuchdang
- The Research and Technology Center for Renewable Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - J-C Frigon
- Anaerobic technologies and bioprocess control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - C Roy
- Anaerobic technologies and bioprocess control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - G Pilon
- Anaerobic technologies and bioprocess control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - C Phalakornkule
- The Research and Technology Center for Renewable Products and Energy, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S R Guiot
- Anaerobic technologies and bioprocess control Group, Energy, Mining and Environment Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Canada.
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Moya D, Aldás C, López G, Kaparaju P. Municipal solid waste as a valuable renewable energy resource: a worldwide opportunity of energy recovery by using Waste-To-Energy Technologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chou YC, Lo SL, Kuo J, Yeh CJ. Microwave-enhanced persulfate oxidation to treat mature landfill leachate. J Hazard Mater 2015; 284:83-91. [PMID: 25463221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microwave oxidation process (MOP) was evaluated for treatment of landfill leachate. Kinetics of persulfate oxidation in MOP, effects of pH and persulfate doses on fates of derivative organic acids, and the energy cost of MOP were evaluated. The results showed that total organic carbon (TOC) removal of 79.4%, color removal of 88.4%, and UV254 removal of 77.1% were reached at MOP 550 W/85 °C within 30 min. The kinetics of oxidation by MOP followed the first-order reaction. For a given persulfate dose, the reaction rate increased with the microwave power setting (775 W>550 W>325 W>128 W) with reaction rate constants ranging from 10(-5) to 10(-2) min(-1). The adverse effects on reaction rates under higher microwave power settings and high persulfate doses are plausibly caused by excessive persulfate oxidation and self-scavenging termination of free radicals. During the MOP treatment, TOC/COD ratio dropped with time and an 86.7% reduction in TOC/COD ratio after 120 min at pH 7. Oxalic acid was the major derivative and its concentrations were higher under acidic conditions. Malic, lactic, and acetic acids were formed and soon degraded, and the solution pH has an insignificant effect on their fates. The energy cost of MOP (USD$6.03/m(3)) is essentially similar to that of conventional heating oxidation (CHO) (USD$6.10/m(3)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chou
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shang-Lien Lo
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jeff Kuo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California State University Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
| | - Chih-Jung Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
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