1
|
Cui F, Mi H, Guan Y, Zhu Y, Wang R, Tian Y, Yang K, Zhang Y. Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia ameliorates vascular reactivity through upregulating adiponectin expression of PVAT in metabolic syndrome rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:160-170. [PMID: 36716441 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cumulating evidence demonstrated that chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) had beneficial effects on the body. This study investigated the role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in ameliorating effect of CIHH on vascular reactivity by adiponectin in mesenteric artery of metabolic syndrome (MS) rats. Main methods: 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (CON), MS model, CIHH treatment, and MS + CIHH treatment group. The size of adipocytes in PVAT was measured by scanning electron microscopy. Serum adiponectin was measured. The microvessel recording technique was used to observe the effect of CIHH on contraction and relaxation in mesenteric artery rings. Also, the expressions of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, adiponectin, AdipoR1, AdipoR2, APPL1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were assayed by Western blotting. Key findings: in MS rats, adipocyte size increased, serum adiponectin decreased, contraction reaction increased while relaxation reaction decreased, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was upregulated, while adiponectin was downregulated in PVAT, and the expressions of AdipoR1, AdipoR2, APPL, and phosphorylated-eNOS were downregulated in mesenteric artery. All aforementioned abnormalities of MS were ameliorated in MS + CIHH rats. We concluded that CIHH treatment improves vascular reactivity through upregulating adiponectin expression and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression of PVAT in MS rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cui
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P.R. China.,Department of Electron Microscope Laboratory, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P.R. China
| | - Haichao Mi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Electron Microscope Laboratory, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P.R. China
| | - Ruotong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Tian
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P.R. China
| | - Kaifan Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P.R. China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aggarwal H, Pathak P, Gupta SK, Kumar Y, Jagavelu K, Dikshit M. Serum and cecal metabolic profile of the insulin resistant and dyslipidemic p47 phox knockout mice. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:483-497. [PMID: 36251883 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2133705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of NOX-dependent oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders as well as in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis has been demonstrated previously. In the present study, the metabolic profile in p47phox-/- and WT mice fed on a chow diet was evaluated to assess the role of metabolites in glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia under altered oxidative stress conditions. p47phox-/- mice displayed glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia, and altered energy homeostasis without any significant change in gluconeogenesis. The expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis and uptake was enhanced in the liver, adipose tissue, and intestine tissues. Similarly, the expression of genes associated with lipid efflux in the liver and intestine was also enhanced. Enhanced gut permeability, inflammation, and shortening of the gut was evident in p47phox-/- mice. Circulating levels of pyrimidines, phosphatidylglycerol lipids, and 3-methyl-2-oxindole were augmented, while level of purine was reduced in the serum. Moreover, the cecal metabolome was also altered, as was evident with the increase in indole-3-acetamide, N-acetyl galactosamine, glycocholate, and a decrease in hippurate, indoxyl sulfate, and indigestible sugars (raffinose and melezitose). Treatment of p47phox-/- mice with pioglitazone, marginally improved glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia, with an increase in PUFAs (linoleate, docosahexaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid). Overall, the results obtained in p47phox-/- mice indicate an association of IR and dyslipidemia with altered serum and cecal metabolites (both host and bacterial-derived), implying a critical role of NOX-derived ROS in metabolic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hobby Aggarwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Priya Pathak
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Agarwal H, Sukka SR, Singh V, Dikshit M, Barthwal MK. Standardized fraction of Xylocarpus moluccensis inhibits inflammation by modulating MAPK-NFκB and ROS-HIF1α-PKM2 activation. Inflamm Res 2022. [PMID: 35274150 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Present study investigates the effect of Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lamk.) M. Roem fruit fraction (CDR) on endotoxemia and explores the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of CDR (1-100 µg/ml) was assessed on cytokines, MAPKs, ROS, and metabolic reprogramming in LPS-induced cells (J774.2 and THP-1) by the conventional methodology of ELISA, PCR, and Western blotting. The effect of CDR (1-50 mg/kg, p.o.) was also evaluated in the mice model of endotoxemia and sepsis. RESULTS CDR prevents LPS-induced cytokine production from murine and human whole blood and cell lines. CDR suppressed total cellular and mitochondrial superoxide generation and preserved mitochondrial function in LPS-stimulated phagocytes. Additionally, CDR abrogated LPS-induced MAPK's phosphorylation and IκBα degradation in J774.2 cells. Moreover, CDR suppressed LPS-induced glycolytic flux as indicated from PKM2, HK-2, PDK-2, and HIF-1α expression in J774.2 cells. In vivo, CDR pre-treatment inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines release, metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in both LPS-induced endotoxemia and cecal slurry-induced sepsis mice model. CONCLUSION Present study demonstrates the protective effect of CDR on LPS-induced inflammation and sepsis and identifies MAPK-NFκB and ROS-HIF1α-PKM2 as the putative target axis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Bao H, Li ZT, Xu LH, Su TY, Han Y, Bao M, Liu Z, Fan YJ, Lou Y, Chen Y, Jiang ZL, Gong XB, Qi YX. Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Increase Col8a1 Secretion and Vascular Stiffness in Intimal Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641763. [PMID: 33738288 PMCID: PMC7960786 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The arterial mechanical microenvironment, including stiffness, is a crucial pathophysiological feature of vascular remodeling, such as neointimal hyperplasia after carotid endarterectomy and balloon dilatation surgeries. In this study, we examined changes in neointimal stiffness in a Sprague-Dawley rat carotid artery intimal injury model and revealed that extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and vascular stiffness were increased. Once the endothelial layer is damaged in vivo, activated platelets adhere to the intima and may secrete platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) and communicate with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In vitro, pEVs stimulated VSMCs to promote collagen secretion and cell adhesion. MRNA sequencing analysis of a carotid artery intimal injury model showed that ECM factors, including col8a1, col8a2, col12a1, and elastin, were upregulated. Subsequently, ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was used to examine the possible signaling pathways involved in the formation of ECM, of which the Akt pathway played a central role. In vitro, pEVs activated Akt signaling through the PIP3 pathway and induced the production of Col8a1. MicroRNA (miR) sequencing of pEVs released from activated platelets revealed that 14 of the top 30 miRs in pEVs targeted PTEN, which could promote the activation of the Akt pathway. Further research showed that the most abundant miR targeting PTEN was miR-92a-3p, which promoted Col8a1 expression. Interestingly, knockdown of Col8a1 expression in vivo abrogated the increase in carotid artery stiffness and simultaneously increased the degree of neointimal hyperplasia. Our results revealed that pEVs may deliver miR-92a-3p to VSMCs to induce the production and secretion of Col8a1 via the PTEN/PIP3/Akt pathway, subsequently increasing vascular stiffness. Therefore, pEVs and key molecules may be potential therapeutic targets for treating neointimal hyperplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics (Ministry of Education), Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Tong Li
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei-Han Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong-Yue Su
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Han
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Jing Fan
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Lou
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zong-Lai Jiang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Gong
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics (Ministry of Education), Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Islam MT, Sharifi-Rad J, Martorell M, Ali ES, Asghar MN, Deeba F, Firoz CK, Mubarak MS. Chemical profile and therapeutic potentials of Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.) M. Roem.: A literature-based review. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 259:112958. [PMID: 32428655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Historically, mangrove plants are among the potential sources of foods and remedies for humans living in the forests and nearby communities. Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.) M. Roem., an important mangrove medicinal plant, has been traditionally used for many purposes such as treatment of fever, dysentery, diarrhea, swelling, and abdominal disorders. The aim of the present work was to summarize the chemical reports and biological activities of the mangrove medicinal plant X. moluccensis based on information collected from different databases. MATERIALS AND METHODS An up-to-date search (till Aug 2019) was carried out in databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and various patient offices (e.g., WIPO, CIPO, USPTO) using the keywords: 'Xylocarpus moluccensis', and/or paired with 'ethnobotanical use', and 'phytochemical'. In vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo studies were included. RESULTS Findings suggest that X. moluccensis contains various important minerals and phytochemicals, where flavonoids, terpenes and terpenoids are the most prominent isolated phyto-constituents of X. moluccensis. Extracts/fractions or isolated compounds from this plant possess diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antineoplastic, anti-diarrheal, insecticidal, anti-feedant, neuropharmacological (e.g., central nervous system depressant), anti-atherosclerotic, and lipid-lowering activity. Only one report suggests that the methanol and aqueous extracts of this plant did not exert cytotoxic effects on normal mouse fibroblast cells. However, no clinical studies were reported. CONCLUSIONS Taken all together, X. moluccensis may be one of the best sources of pharmacologically active lead compounds. More research, however, is necessary to establish the safety and efficacy, and its toxicogenetic effects in animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386, Concepción, Chile; Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, 4070386, Chile.
| | - Eunus S Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | | | - Farha Deeba
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Science and Health Professions-Jeddah, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Science, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Chelapram K Firoz
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Institute of Paramedical Sciences, MES Medical College, Kerala, India.
| | - Mohammad S Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aggarwal H, Pathak P, Singh P, Gayen JR, Jagavelu K, Dikshit M. Systemic Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Perturbations in Chow Fed Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Knockout Male Mice: Partial Reversal by Nitrite Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E736. [PMID: 32806494 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
iNOS, an important mediator of inflammation, has emerged as an important metabolic regulator. There are conflicting observations on the incidence of insulin resistance (IR) due to hyperglycemia/dyslipidemia in iNOS−/− mice. There are reports that high fat diet (HFD) fed mice exhibited no change, protection, or enhanced susceptibility to IR. Similar observations were also reported for low fat diet (LFD) fed KO mice. In the present study chow fed iNOS−/− mice were examined for the incidence of IR, and metabolic perturbations, and also for the effect of sodium nitrite supplementation (50 mg/L). In IR-iNOS−/− mice, we observed significantly higher body weight, BMI, adiposity, blood glucose, HOMA-IR, serum/tissue lipids, glucose intolerance, enhanced gluconeogenesis, and disrupted insulin signaling. Expression of genes involved in hepatic and adipose tissue lipid uptake, synthesis, oxidation, and gluconeogenesis was upregulated with concomitant downregulation of genes for hepatic lipid excretion. Nitrite supplementation restored NO levels, significantly improved systemic IR, glucose tolerance, and also reduced lipid accumulation by rescuing hepatic insulin sensitivity, glucose, and lipid homeostasis. Obesity, gluconeogenesis, and adipose tissue insulin signaling were only partially reversed in nitrite supplemented iNOS−/− mice. Our results thus demonstrate that nitrite supplementation to iNOS−/− mice improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis, thus further highlighting the metabolic role of iNOS.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gupta P, Kumar A, Pal S, Kumar S, Lahiri A, Kumaravelu J, Chattopadhyay N, Dikshit M, Barthwal MK. Standardized Xylocarpus moluccensis fruit fraction mitigates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by regulating immune response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 72:619-632. [PMID: 32037560 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of Xylocarpus moluccensis fruit fraction (F018) on the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. METHODS Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of collagen (2 mg/ml) with complete Freund's adjuvant in DBA/1J mice. F018 was administered orally at 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg for 20 days. Disease progression and mechanism were assessed by micro-CT analysis, RT-PCR, flow cytometry assay, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and MTT assay. RESULTS F018 at 3 and 10 mg/kg significantly reduced paw thickness, clinical score, mononuclear cell infiltration and collagen layer depletion in the knee section of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice when compared with collagen-induced arthritis mice alone. Furthermore, F018 treatment in collagen-induced arthritis mice significantly recovered bone volume and trabecular number and decreased the trabecular space by modulating RANKL and OPG mRNA expression in the synovial tissue. F018 treatment in collagen-induced arthritis mice significantly attenuated spleen index, lymphocyte proliferation and paw myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 mRNA expression and enhanced IL10 mRNA expression in paw tissue. Furthermore, F018 treatment in collagen-induced arthritis mice significantly reduced splenic dendritic cell maturation and Th17 cells. In culture, F018 significantly decreased collagen-induced arthritis-FLS proliferation and promoted apoptosis. CONCLUSION F018 may serve as a potential curative agent for arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Lahiri
- Division of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Jagavelu Kumaravelu
- Division of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Division of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Barthwal
- Division of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tripathi D, Biswas B, Manhas A, Singh A, Goyal D, Gaestel M, Jagavelu K. Proinflammatory Effect of Endothelial Microparticles Is Mitochondria Mediated and Modulated Through MAPKAPK2 (MAPK-Activated Protein Kinase 2) Leading to Attenuation of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:1100-1112. [PMID: 31070456 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective- This study investigates the functional significance of mitochondria present in endothelial microparticles (EMP) and how MK2 (MAPKAPK2 [MAPK-activated protein kinase 2]) governs EMP production and its physiological effect on cardiac hypertrophy. Approach and Results- Flow cytometric analysis, confocal imaging, oxygen consumption rate measurement through Seahorse were used to confirm the presence of functionally active mitochondria in nontreated EMP (EMP derived from untreated control cells), lipopolysaccharide, and oligomycin treatment increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species activity in EMP (EMP derived from cells treated with lipopolysaccharide and EMP derived from cells treated with oligomycin, respectively). The dysfunctional mitochondria contained in EMP derived from cells treated with lipopolysaccharide and EMP derived from cells treated with oligomycin induced the expression of proinflammatory mediators in the target endothelial cells leading to the augmented adhesion of human monocytic cell line on EA.hy926 cells. Multiphoton real-time imaging detected the increased adherence of EMP derived from cells treated with oligomycin at the site of carotid artery injury as compared to EMP derived from untreated control cells. MK2 regulates EMP generation during inflammation by reducing E-selectin expression and regulating the cytoskeleton rearrangement through ROCK-2 (Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2) pathway. MK2-deficient EMP reduced the E-selectin and ICAM-1 (intracellular adhesion molecule-1) expression on target endothelial cells leading to reduced monocyte attachment and reduced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Conclusions- MK2 promotes the proinflammatory effect of EMP mediated through dysfunctional mitochondria. MK2 modulates the inflammatory effect induced during cardiac hypertrophy through EMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Tripathi
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India (D.T., B.B., A.M., A.S., D.G., K.J.).,Academy of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India (D.T., A.M., A.S., K.J.)
| | - Bharti Biswas
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India (D.T., B.B., A.M., A.S., D.G., K.J.)
| | - Amit Manhas
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India (D.T., B.B., A.M., A.S., D.G., K.J.).,Academy of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India (D.T., A.M., A.S., K.J.)
| | - Abhinav Singh
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India (D.T., B.B., A.M., A.S., D.G., K.J.).,Academy of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India (D.T., A.M., A.S., K.J.)
| | - Dipika Goyal
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India (D.T., B.B., A.M., A.S., D.G., K.J.)
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.G.)
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India (D.T., B.B., A.M., A.S., D.G., K.J.).,Academy of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India (D.T., A.M., A.S., K.J.)
| |
Collapse
|