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Nestola E, Sgrigna G, Pallozzi E, Caccavale L, Guidolotti G, Calfapietra C. Experimental Characterization of Particulate and Gaseous Emissions from Biomass Burning of Six Mediterranean Species and Litter. Forests 2022; 13:322. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires across the Mediterranean ecosystems are associated with safety concerns due to their emissions. The type of biomass determines the composition of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous compounds emitted during the fire event. This study investigated simulated fire events and analysed biomass samples of six Mediterranean species and litter in a combustion chamber. The main aims are the characterization of PM realized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), the quantification of gaseous emissions through gas chromatography (GC-MS) and, consequently, identification of the species that are potentially more dangerous. For PM, three size fractions were considered (PM10, 2.5 and 1), and their chemical composition was used for particle source-apportionment. For gaseous components, the CO, CO2, benzene, toluene and xylene (BTXs) emitted were quantified. All samples were described and compared based on their peculiar particulate and gaseous emissions. The primary results show that (a) Acacia saligna was noticeable for the highest number of particles emitted and remarkable values of KCl; (b) tree species were related to the fine windblown particles as canopies intercept PM10 and reemit it during burning; (c) shrub species were related to the particles resuspended from soil; and (d) benzene and toluene were the dominant aromatic compounds emitted. Finally, the most dangerous species identified during burning were Acacia saligna, for the highest number of particles emitted, and Pistacia lentiscus for its high density of particles, the presence of anthropogenic markers, and the highest emissions of all gaseous compounds.
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Lopes Costa SS, Alves JC, Almeida TS, Ribeiro VS, Azzolin Frescura Bascuñan VL, Andrade Maranhão T, Borges Garcia CA, Olímpio da Rocha G, Oliveira Araujo RG. Seasonality of airborne trace element sources in Aracaju, Northeastern, Brazil. J Environ Manage 2019; 247:19-28. [PMID: 31229782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work the urban area of Aracaju city, located in the State of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil was the site for simultaneous collection of suspended particles (TSP) and inhalable particulate matter (PM10) aiming an evaluation of the air quality parameters. Concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and V in TSP and PM10 were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Iron was the most abundant element found in both particulate samples. Through chemometric tools, it was possible to point out that the contributions to the TSP and PM10 formation are similar, and strong correlations were observed between Fe-Mn (0.83) and Cd-Pb (0.93) in TSP, and Fe-Mn (0.90), Fe-Cu (0.81) and Cd-Pb (0.97) in PM10, an evidence that these species are from sources related mainly to soil resuspension and vehicular traffic. Enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed an influence of fossil fuel burning in the composition of TSP and PM10. Through principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) it was observed particle size distribution groupings according to its aerodynamic size. Evaluation of the concentrations obtained for the collected samples according to the seasons (dry and rainy), indicated the influence of both, biogenic (resuspension of soil and marine aerosols) and anthropic (vehicle traffic and biomass burning) sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvânio Silvério Lopes Costa
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Núcleo de Competência Em Petróleo, Gás e Biocombustíveis, Laboratório de Tecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Cavalcante Alves
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Química Analítica Ambiental, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Tarcísio Silva Almeida
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Vaniele Souza Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano, Campus Guanambi, Guanambi, Bahia, 46430-000, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Azzolin Frescura Bascuñan
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Andrade Maranhão
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Borges Garcia
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Núcleo de Competência Em Petróleo, Gás e Biocombustíveis, Laboratório de Tecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Química Analítica Ambiental, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gisele Olímpio da Rocha
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rennan Geovanny Oliveira Araujo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Ribeiro JP, Vicente ED, Alves C, Querol X, Amato F, Tarelho LAC. Characteristics of ash and particle emissions during bubbling fluidised bed combustion of three types of residual forest biomass. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:10018-10029. [PMID: 27889888 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Combustion of residual forest biomass (RFB) derived from eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus), pine (Pinus pinaster) and golden wattle (Acacia longifolia) was evaluated in a pilot-scale bubbling fluidised bed reactor (BFBR). During the combustion experiments, monitoring of temperature, pressure and exhaust gas composition has been made. Ash samples were collected at several locations along the furnace and flue gas treatment devices (cyclone and bag filter) after each combustion experiment and were analysed for their unburnt carbon content and chemical composition. Total suspended particles (TSP) in the combustion flue gas were evaluated at the inlet and outlet of cyclone and baghouse filter and further analysed for organic and elemental carbon, carbonates and 57 chemical elements. High particulate matter collection efficiencies in the range of 94-99% were observed for the baghouse, while removal rates of only 1.4-17% were registered for the cyclone. Due to the sand bed, Si was the major element in bottom ashes. Fly ashes, in particular those from eucalypt combustion, were especially rich in CaO, followed by relevant amounts of SiO2, MgO and K2O. Ash characteristics varied among experiments, showing that their inorganic composition strongly depends on both the biomass composition and combustion conditions. Inorganic constituents accounted for TSP mass fractions up to 40 wt%. Elemental carbon, organic matter and carbonates contributed to TSP mass fractions in the ranges 0.58-44%, 0.79-78% and 0.01-1.7%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Peres Ribeiro
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Estela Domingos Vicente
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Célia Alves
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA, Spanish Research Council (CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fulvio Amato
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA, Spanish Research Council (CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luís A C Tarelho
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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