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Fu Y, Maaβ S, Cavallo FM, de Jong A, Raangs E, Westra J, Buist G, Becher D, van Dijl JM. Differential Virulence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotypes Explained by Exoproteome Heterogeneity. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0329822. [PMID: 36541765 PMCID: PMC9927298 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03298-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen associated with periodontitis and nonoral diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer´s disease. Aa isolates with the serotypes a, b, and c are globally most prevalent. Importantly, isolates displaying these serotypes have different clinical presentations. While serotype b isolates are predominant in severe periodontitis, serotypes a and c are generally encountered in mild periodontitis or healthy individuals. It is currently unknown how these differences are reflected in the overall secretion of virulence factors. Therefore, this study was aimed at a comparative analysis of exoproteomes from different clinical Aa isolates with serotypes a, b, or c by mass spectrometry, and a subsequent correlation of the recorded exoproteome profiles with virulence. Overall, we identified 425 extracellular proteins. Significant differences in the exoproteome composition of isolates with different serotypes were observed in terms of protein identification and abundance. In particular, serotype a isolates presented more extracellular proteins than serotype b or c isolates. These differences are mirrored in their virulence in infection models based on human salivary gland epithelial cells and neutrophils. Remarkably, serotype a isolates displayed stronger adhesive capabilities and induced more lysis of epithelial cells and neutrophils than serotype b or c isolates. Conversely, serotype c isolates showed relatively low leukotoxicity, while provoking NETosis to similar extents as serotype a and b isolates. Altogether, we conclude that the differential virulence presentation by Aa isolates with the dominant serotypes a, b, or c can be explained by their exoproteome heterogeneity. IMPORTANCE Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that causes progressive destruction of alveolar bone and supporting tissues around the teeth, ultimately resulting in tooth loss. The bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is a prevalent causative agent of periodontitis, but this oral pathogen is also associated with serious extraoral diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease. Clinical Aa isolates are usually distinguished by serotyping, because of known serotype-specific differences in virulence. Aa with serotype b is associated with aggressive forms of periodontitis, while isolates with serotypes a or c are usually encountered in cases of mild periodontitis or healthy individuals. The molecular basis for these differences in virulence was so far unknown. In the present study, we pinpoint serotype-specific differences in virulence factor production by clinical Aa isolates. We consider these findings important, because they provide new leads for future preventive or therapeutic approaches to fight periodontitis and associated morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Fu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Maaβ
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Francis M. Cavallo
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne de Jong
- University of Groningen, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin Raangs
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Girbe Buist
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dörte Becher
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
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de Sousa GR, Soares LO, Soares BM, de Carvalho Cruz R, Uliana Junior P, Santiago T, Farias LM, Magalhães PP, Silveira LB, Almeida Lopes L, Mancini MW, Huebner R, Ferreira MVL. In vitro evaluation of physical and chemical parameters involved in aPDT of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:391-401. [PMID: 33559803 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious disease characterized by the destruction of supporting tissues. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an improved method for eliminating microorganisms. Its efficiency depends on the correct use of physical and chemical parameters. Thus, these parameters and their relations were evaluated in this study with the purpose of establishing lethal conditions for combating bacterial agents. Diode lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were characterized to evaluate the absorption profile and resonance of methylene blue (MB) and toluidine blue O (TBO). The relations between light energy density and photosensitizer absorption were determined. Two methodologies were used to evaluate the effects of aPDT against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. LED light exhibited a broad emission spectrum with a peak light wavelength of 637 nm and 99% purity. The resonance intensity of MB was higher with diode laser irradiation, and TBO showed higher resonance intensity with LED irradiation. There was no difference in the absorption profile of photosensitizers using diode lasers or LEDs, and variations in power density did not result in an increasing or decrease in light absorption. A. actinomycetemcomitans was susceptible to photodynamic processes. Emission spectra and peak light wavelengths of light sources combined with the absorption profiles of photosensitizers were the main parameters involved in determining the efficiency of photodynamic effects. Power density did not alter the light absorption of photosensitizers. The association between adequate irradiation characteristics and photosensitizer absorption results in complete inactivation of A. actinomycetemcomitans. In addition, the bactericidal effect was not altered by an increase in energy densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerdal Roberto de Sousa
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. .,Faculty of Dentistry, Faculdade Arnaldo, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Leandro O Soares
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Betânia M Soares
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Faculty of Dentistry, Faculdade Arnaldo, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Universidade de Itaúna, MG, Itaúna, Brazil
| | - Rosana de Carvalho Cruz
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Faculty of Dentistry, Faculdade Arnaldo, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo Uliana Junior
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santiago
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiz M Farias
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology and Anaerobes, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Prazeres Magalhães
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology and Anaerobes, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lívio B Silveira
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Faculty of Dentistry, Faculdade Arnaldo, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana Almeida Lopes
- Research and Education Center for Phototherapy in Health Sciences (NUPEN), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rudolf Huebner
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcus V L Ferreira
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Rocha FRG, Delitto AE, de Souza JAC, Maldonado LAG, Wallet SM, Rossa C. NLRC4 inflammasome has a protective role on inflammatory bone resorption in a murine model of periodontal disease. Immunobiology 2019; 225:151855. [PMID: 31848028 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is virtually no information on the role of NLRC4 inflammasome on bone resorption and inflammation associated with periodontitis. Bacterial-associated experimental periodontitis was induced in wild-type (WT) and Nlrc4-KO C57BL/6 mice. 3 μL of a 1 × 109 UFC/mL PBS suspension of heat-killed Gram-negative bacteria were injected (3x/week for 4 weeks) directly into the gingival tissues of WT and Nlrc4-KO mice (n = 6/genotype). Control animals were injected bilaterally (3x/week for 4 weeks) in the same sites with the same volume of the PBS vehicle. Alveolar bone resorption was quantified by μCT. Inflammatory infiltrate in the gingival tissues was assessed qualitatively in H&E-stained slides and by the detection of a pan-leukocyte marker (CD45) and a neutrophil marker (Ly6G) using immunofluorescence. Modulation of Rankl, Mmp-13, Tnf-a, Il-6 and Il-10 expression in the gingival tissues was determined by RT-qPCR. Osteoclastogenesis was assessed in vivo by biochemical staining for TRAP. The relevance of NLRC4 for RANKL-induced osteoclastic differentiation and activity was investigated in vitro using bone marrow-derived macrophages from WT and Nlrc4-KO mice. Bone resorption was significantly greater in Nlrc4-KO mice; however there were no differences between WT and Nlrc4-KO mice on osteoclast numbers and on the inflammatory infiltrate. In vitro, osteoclast activity was significantly enhanced in Nlrc4-deficient macrophages; whereas RANKL-induced differentiation was not affected. Expression of the selected candidate genes was also similarly increased by the induction of experimental periodontal disease, except for the expression of Tnf-alpha and Il-10, which was already significantly higher in the gingival tissues of Nlrc4-KO mice. We conclude that NLRC4 inflammasome has a protective role on inflammatory bone resorption in this experimental model. Furthermore, the bone-sparing effect may be related with the modulation of osteoclast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda R G Rocha
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, UNESP-State University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea E Delitto
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joao A Chaves de Souza
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goias (UFG), Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Laura A G Maldonado
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, UNESP-State University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- Department of Foundational Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Carlos Rossa
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, UNESP-State University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Johansson A, Claesson R, Höglund Åberg C, Haubek D, Lindholm M, Jasim S, Oscarsson J. Genetic Profiling of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotype B Isolated from Periodontitis Patients Living in Sweden. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030153. [PMID: 31533208 PMCID: PMC6789814 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is associated with aggressive forms of periodontitis and with systemic diseases, such as endocarditis. By assessing a Ghanaian longitudinal adolescent cohort, we earlier recognized the cagE gene as a possible diagnostic marker for a subgroup of JP2 and non-JP2 genotype serotype b A. actinomycetemcomitans strains, associated with high leukotoxicity as determined in a semi-quantitative cell assay. This group of A. actinomycetemcomitans is associated with the progression of attachment loss. In the present work, we used conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR to perform the cagE genotyping of our collection of 116 selected serotype b A. actinomycetemcomitans strains, collected over a period of 15 years from periodontitis patients living in Sweden. The A. actinomycetemcomitans strains carrying cagE (referred to as cagE+; n = 49) were compared to the cagE-negative strains (n = 67), present at larger proportions in the subgingival plaque samples, and were also much more prevalent in the young (≤35 years) compared to in the old (>35 years) group of patients. Our present results underline the potential use of cagE genotyping in the risk assessment of the development of periodontal attachment loss in Swedish adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Johansson
- Division of Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 907 00 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rolf Claesson
- Division of Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 907 00 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carola Höglund Åberg
- Division of Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 907 00 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Section for Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mark Lindholm
- Division of Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 907 00 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sarah Jasim
- Division of Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 907 00 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Oscarsson
- Division of Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 907 00 Umeå, Sweden.
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