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Minne M, Terrie L, Wüst R, Hasevoets S, Vanden Kerchove K, Nimako K, Lambrichts I, Thorrez L, Declercq H. Generating human skeletal myoblast spheroids for vascular myogenic tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2024; 16:025035. [PMID: 38437715 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad2fd5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Engineered myogenic microtissues derived from human skeletal myoblasts offer unique opportunities for varying skeletal muscle tissue engineering applications, such asin vitrodrug-testing and disease modelling. However, more complex models require the incorporation of vascular structures, which remains to be challenging. In this study, myogenic spheroids were generated using a high-throughput, non-adhesive micropatterned surface. Since monoculture spheroids containing human skeletal myoblasts were unable to remain their integrity, co-culture spheroids combining human skeletal myoblasts and human adipose-derived stem cells were created. When using the optimal ratio, uniform and viable spheroids with enhanced myogenic properties were achieved. Applying a pre-vascularization strategy, through addition of endothelial cells, resulted in the formation of spheroids containing capillary-like networks, lumina and collagen in the extracellular matrix, whilst retaining myogenicity. Moreover, sprouting of endothelial cells from the spheroids when encapsulated in fibrin was allowed. The possibility of spheroids, from different maturation stages, to assemble into a more large construct was proven by doublet fusion experiments. The relevance of using three-dimensional microtissues with tissue-specific microarchitecture and increased complexity, together with the high-throughput generation approach, makes the generated spheroids a suitable tool forin vitrodrug-testing and human disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendy Minne
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven campus KULAK, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Lisanne Terrie
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven campus KULAK, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Wüst
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven campus KULAK, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Steffie Hasevoets
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kato Vanden Kerchove
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven campus KULAK, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Kakra Nimako
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven campus KULAK, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lieven Thorrez
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven campus KULAK, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven campus KULAK, Kortrijk, Belgium
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Mommsen P, März V, Krezdorn N, Aktas G, Sehmisch S, Vogt PM, Großner T, Omar Pacha T. Reconstruction of an Extensive Segmental Radial Shaft Bone Defect by Vascularized 3D-Printed Graft Cage. J Pers Med 2024; 14:178. [PMID: 38392611 PMCID: PMC10890561 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We report here a 46-year-old male patient with a 14 cm segmental bone defect of the radial shaft after third degree open infected fracture caused by a shrapnel injury. The patient underwent fixed-angle plate osteosynthesis and bone reconstruction of the radial shaft by a vascularized 3D-printed graft cage, including plastic coverage with a latissimus dorsi flap and an additional central vascular pedicle. Bony reconstruction of segmental defects still represents a major challenge in musculo-skeletal surgery. Thereby, 3D-printed scaffolds or graft cages display a new treatment option for bone restoration. As missing vascularization sets the limits for the treatment of large-volume bone defects by 3D-printed scaffolds, in the present case, we firstly describe the reconstruction of an extensive radial shaft bone defect by using a graft cage with additional vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mommsen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Vincent März
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicco Krezdorn
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Plastic and Breast Surgery, Roskilde University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gökmen Aktas
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Maria Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Großner
- BellaSeno GmbH, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- BellaSeno Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4220, Australia
| | - Tarek Omar Pacha
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Pan Q, Zhang P, Xue F, Zhang J, Fan Z, Chang Z, Liang Z, Zhou G, Ren W. Subcutaneously Engineered Decalcified Bone Matrix Xenografts Promote Bone Repair by Regulating the Immune Microenvironment, Prevascularization, and Stem Cell Homing. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:515-524. [PMID: 38150512 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Immunoregulatory and vascularized microenvironments play an important role in bone regeneration; however, the precise regulation for vascularization and inflammatory reactions remains elusive during bone repair. In this study, by means of subcutaneous preimplantation, we successfully constructed demineralized bone matrix (DBM) grafts with immunoregulatory and vascularized microenvironments. According to the current results, at the early time points (days 1 and 3), subcutaneously implanted DBM grafts recruited a large number of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages with positive expression of CD68 and iNOS, while at the later time points (days 7 and 14), these inflammatory cells gradually subsided, accompanying increased presence of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages with positive expression of CD206 and Arg-1, indicating a gradually enhanced anti-inflammatory microenvironment. At the same time, the gradually increased angiogenesis was observed in the DBM grafts with implantation time. In addition, the positive cells of CD105, CD73, and CD90 were observed in the inner region of the DBM grafts, implying the homing of mesenchymal stem cells. The repair results of cranial bone defects in a rat model further confirmed that the subcutaneous DBM xenografts at 7 days significantly improved bone regeneration. In summary, we developed a simple and novel strategy for bone regeneration mediated by anti-inflammatory microenvironment, prevascularization, and endogenous stem cell homing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Pan
- Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhenlin Fan
- Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhanyu Chang
- Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhuo Liang
- Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Institutes of Health Central Plain, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
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Huang J, Park J, Jung N, Moon HS, Zong Z, Li G, Lin S, Cho SW, Park Y. Hydrothermally treated coral scaffold promotes proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells and enhances segmental bone defect healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1332138. [PMID: 38173870 PMCID: PMC10761418 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1332138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffolds have shown promising therapeutic outcomes in both animals and patients. In this study, we aim to evaluate the chemical and physical phenotype, biocompatibility, and bone repair effects of hydrothermally treated coral with natural coral and synthetic HAp. Methods: The phase composition, surface pattern, 3D structures, and porosity of the scaffolds were characterized, and cell viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after seeding onto the scaffold were determined. The scaffolds were implanted into rats to assess their bone repair effects using micro-CT analysis, mechanical testing, and histological staining. Results: The results showed that the phase composition, porous structure, and porosity of hydrothermally treated coral were comparable to pure HAp scaffold. While only the natural coral happens to be dominantly calcium carbonate. Higher cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential were observed in the hydrothermally treated coral scaffold compared to natural coral and pure HAp. Histological results also showed increased new bone formation in the hydrothermally treated coral group. Discussion: Overall, our study suggests that hydrothermal modification enhances the cytocompatibility and therapeutic capacity of coral without altering its physical properties, showing superior effectiveness in bone repair to synthetic HAp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehan Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Narae Jung
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Moon
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhixian Zong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sien Lin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sung-Won Cho
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbum Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Liu H, Chen H, Han Q, Sun B, Liu Y, Zhang A, Fan D, Xia P, Wang J. Recent advancement in vascularized tissue-engineered bone based on materials design and modification. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100858. [PMID: 38024843 PMCID: PMC10679779 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is one of the most vascular network-rich tissues in the body and the vascular system is essential for the development, homeostasis, and regeneration of bone. When segmental irreversible damage occurs to the bone, restoring its vascular system by means other than autogenous bone grafts with vascular pedicles is a therapeutic challenge. By pre-generating the vascular network of the scaffold in vivo or in vitro, the pre-vascularization technique enables an abundant blood supply in the scaffold after implantation. However, pre-vascularization techniques are time-consuming, and in vivo pre-vascularization techniques can be damaging to the body. Critical bone deficiencies may be filled quickly with immediate implantation of a supporting bone tissue engineered scaffold. However, bone tissue engineered scaffolds generally lack vascularization, which requires modification of the scaffold to aid in enhancing internal vascularization. In this review, we summarize the relationship between the vascular system and osteogenesis and use it as a basis to further discuss surgical and cytotechnology-based pre-vascularization strategies and to describe the preparation of vascularized bone tissue engineered scaffolds that can be implanted immediately. We anticipate that this study will serve as inspiration for future vascularized bone tissue engineered scaffold construction and will aid in the achievement of clinical vascularized bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Qin Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Aobo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Danyang Fan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
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Hatt LP, van der Heide D, Armiento AR, Stoddart MJ. β-TCP from 3D-printed composite scaffolds acts as an effective phosphate source during osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1258161. [PMID: 37965582 PMCID: PMC10641282 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1258161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) are often combined with calcium phosphate (CaP)-based 3D-printed scaffolds with the goal of creating a bone substitute that can repair segmental bone defects. In vitro, the induction of osteogenic differentiation traditionally requires, among other supplements, the addition of β-glycerophosphate (BGP), which acts as a phosphate source. The aim of this study is to investigate whether phosphate contained within the 3D-printed scaffolds can effectively be used as a phosphate source during hBM-MSC in vitro osteogenesis. Methods: hBM-MSCs are cultured on 3D-printed discs composed of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) for 28 days under osteogenic conditions, with and without the supplementation of BGP. The effects of BGP removal on various cellular parameters, including cell metabolic activity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) presence and activity, proliferation, osteogenic gene expression, levels of free phosphate in the media and mineralisation, are assessed. Results: The removal of exogenous BGP increases cell metabolic activity, ALP activity, proliferation, and gene expression of matrix-related (COL1A1, IBSP, SPP1), transcriptional (SP7, RUNX2/SOX9, PPARγ) and phosphate-related (ALPL, ENPP1, ANKH, PHOSPHO1) markers in a donor dependent manner. BGP removal leads to decreased free phosphate concentration in the media and maintained of mineral deposition staining. Discussion: Our findings demonstrate the detrimental impact of exogenous BGP on hBM-MSCs cultured on a phosphate-based material and propose β-TCP embedded within 3D-printed scaffold as a sufficient phosphate source for hBM-MSCs during osteogenesis. The presented study provides novel insights into the interaction of hBM-MSCs with 3D-printed CaP based materials, an essential aspect for the advancement of bone tissue engineering strategies aimed at repairing segmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan P. Hatt
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daphne van der Heide
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Li G. Looking forward to a better 2023 and beyond. J Orthop Translat 2022; 37:A1-A2. [PMID: 36594075 PMCID: PMC9796939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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